Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome in Pediatric

Absalem, Ashwaq Ali; Alanazi, Rola Mohammed; Alkhawajah, Sajida Hassan; Hijazi, Ohoud Ahmed; Jarad, Fahad Abdulaziz; Alrowaithi, Bassmah Hassan; Hussein, Zahra Jaber; Adam, Amina Bashir Shikeh

doi:10.12816/0041062

Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome in Pediatric

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Tabuk University

² King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital –Jeddah

³ Maternity and Child Hospital (MCH) Dammam

⁴ Taif University

⁵ King Khalid University

⁶ Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies

⁷ mam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

⁸ Banadir University

10.12816/0041062

Abstract

The name rubella is derived from a Latin expression signifying "minimal red". Rubella is, for the most part, a benign transferable exanthematous disease. It is caused by rubella virus, which is an affiliate of the Rubivirus class of the family Togaviridae. About half of people contaminated with rubella are asymptomatic. Clinical indications and severity of disease fluctuate with age. For example, contamination in children is portrayed by mild constitutional symptoms, suboccipital adenopathy, and rash; on the other hand, in adolescents and adults, rubella might be complicated by arthritis, thrombocytopenic purpura, and arthralgia. Uncommon cases of rubella encephalitis have likewise been depicted in children. The main complication of rubella is its teratogenic impacts when pregnant ladies get the disease, particularly in the early weeks of pregnancy. The virus could be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta and is equipped for causing genuine congenital defects, stillbirths, and abortions. Fortunately, as a consequence of the successful vaccination program, rubella contamination and congenital rubella syndrome infrequently are seen today. We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 1, 1970, through February 28, 2017. The following search terms were used: rubella, rubella syndrome, congenital, paediatric rubella, vaccination, rubella-containing vaccine, and rubella immunization campaigns.

Keywords