Management of Orbital Floor Fractures: Review Article

Background: Orbital fractures represent one of the most common patterns of facial fractures, particularly those involving the orbital floor and medial orbital wall. These fractures typically result from road traffic accidents, assaults, or falls and are frequently associated with zygomaticomaxillary complex injuries. Patients often present with periorbital edema, ecchymosis, infraorbital nerve hypoesthesia, diplopia, enophthalmos and limitation of ocular motility. Accurate diagnosis and timely decision-making are crucial for restoring proper orbital volume, globe position and functional ocular alignment. However, controversy persists regarding the indications for conservative versus surgical management and the optimal timing of intervention.
Objective: This article aimed to throw the light on establishing the fracture patterns, clinical assessment and treatment principles of orbital fracture and its appropriate management.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, with keywords including Orbital fractures; Blow-out fracture, Zygomaticomaxillary complex. Diplopia, Enophthalmos, Infraorbital nerve and Ocular motility. The writers evaluated relevant literature references as well. Documents written in languages other than English have been ignored. Papers that were not regarded as significant scientific research included dissertations, oral presentations, conference abstracts and unpublished manuscripts were excluded.
Conclusion: Effective management of orbital floor fractures depends on accurate assessment and timely decision-making. Small, non-displaced fractures may be treated conservatively, while larger or symptomatic ones require surgical repair to restore function and appearance. A multidisciplinary approach ensures the best functional and aesthetic outcomes.