Evaluation of the Vitreomacular Interface Abnormalities in Diabetic Macular Oedema Treated with Intravitreal Injection of Ranibizumab by Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Background: When treatment is postponed or administered incorrectly, diabetic macular edema (DME), the primary cause of visual impairment in the diabetic population, can lead to visual handicap. Inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are a common treatment with a minimal risk of ocular and systemic effects, good tolerance and demonstrated effectiveness. Objective: This study aimed to assess vitreomacular interface abnormalities (VMIA) in DME cases who received ranibizumab intravitreal injections (IVI).
Patients and methods: In a prospective, cross-sectional interventional follow-up research with an analytical component, 25 eyes from 25 DME cases received three intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) injections spaced one month apart at Menoufia University Hospital.  Results: Our research demonstrated a moderately negative connection between baseline and final measurements of central retinal thickness (CRT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Intraocular pressure (IOP) rose from 14.56 mmHg to 15.72 mmHg, CRT dramatically dropped from 391.48 μm to 301.16 μm, and BCVA improved from 0.42 to 0.64. Furthermore, a strong correlation between the final measurement and posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) was discovered. Conclusion: The studies emphasized how crucial it is to identify and treat VMIA in DME cases as soon as possible in order to maximize visual results. Notwithstanding these drawbacks, the research highlighted the need for all-encompassing treatment strategies by providing insightful information on the relationship between VMIA and other parameters in DME cases receiving IVI of ranibizumab. Also, highlighted the necessity of thorough approaches in subsequent research to improve case care and treatment plans.