Diagnostic Performance of Serum Copeptin in the Early Detection of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background: Early and precise identification of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) remains critical for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes. Copeptin, a surrogate marker of arginine vasopressin release, has emerged as a promising biomarker for early AMI diagnosis. Objective: This research aimed to assess the diagnostic value of serum copeptin in cases presenting with symptoms suggestive of Acute Myocardial Infarction.
Patients and Methods: Case-control research involved 100 participants, separated into 2 groups: Group A (n = fifty) healthy controls, and Group B (n = fifty) patients with confirmed Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). Demographic data, clinical symptoms, cardiovascular risk factors, vital signs, and laboratory data including serum copeptin, troponin I, and CK-MB were recorded.
Results: There were no significant variances in sex, age, or marital status among the groups (p-value above 0.05). Group B (Acute Myocardial Infarction patients) had significantly higher heart rates (88.4 ± 12.6 vs. 70.7 ± 11.9 bpm, p = 0.04) and respiratory rates (28 ± 2.0 vs. 18 ± 2.1 breaths/min, p = 0.001). Ischemic symptoms such as angina (64% vs. 16%), dyspnea (76% vs. 20%), palpitations (36% vs. 10%), fatigue (52% vs. 14%), and syncope (16% vs. 4%) were significantly more common in Group B (p-value below 0.05).
Conclusion: Serum copeptin is a reliable and early biomarker for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Its high sensitivity and specificity support its use alongside traditional markers to enhance early risk stratification and clinical decision-making in cases presenting with chest pain.