Role Of 3D Doppler and Serum Level of Leptin as Biomarker in Threatened Miscarriage

Background: Leptin plays a critical role in early pregnancy stages, but its physiological function remains unclear.
Objective: To investigate the role of leptin serum level as a biomarker for early miscarriage and assess 3D-PDU findings in cases of early miscarriage.
Patients and Methods: This prospective case-control study was conducted between June 2023 and May 2024 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Menoufia University and Meet Abo-Ghalib Central Hospital, involving 100 women aged 18-35 years. Participants were divided into two equal groups: a threatened abortion group and a control group. Serum leptin levels were measured by ELISA at 8 and 12 weeks. All patients underwent 3D-PDU examination at 8 and 12 weeks to assess vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization flow index (VFI).
Results: There was a significant increase in leptin levels from 8 to 12 weeks in both threatened and control groups, with significantly higher levels observed at 8 weeks in women with threatened miscarriage than controls. Leptin was negatively correlated with VI, FI, and VFI at around 8 weeks.
Conclusions: Serum leptin, along with 3D-PDU examination, is a reliable biomarker for predicting early pregnancy loss at 8 weeks.