Short-Term Outcome of Acute Heart Failure in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients

Background: The prevalence of both heart failure (HF) and diabetes is rising, with diabetes affecting up to 45% of acute HF patients. As a result of its effects on cardiac anatomy and function, diabetes is considered a more serious condition than HF alone.
Objective: The purpose of this research was to describe the clinical manifestations, echocardiographic findings, and short-term cardiovascular prognosis of acute HF in individuals with and without diabetes.
Patients and Methods: This observational, hospital based, single center study was carried out on 70 patients who were admitted to the Coronary Care Unit with acute HF, new onset HF and decompensated chronic HF, aged ≥ 18 years, both sexes. Group A consisted of 47 individuals with diabetes and acute HF, while Group B included 23 individuals without diabetes and acute HF. Every patient underwent a thorough evaluation that included electrocardiograms (ECGs), echocardiograms, complete clinical exams, laboratory testing, and a thorough history taking.
Results: Serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, C-reactive protein, sodium, potassium, serum random glucose, glycated haemoglobin, early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus (E), systolic velocity of the mitral annulus (S′), and E over E-prime (E/e') were identified as independent predictors of acute HF in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients (P<0.05). Acute HF in both diabetic and non-diabetic individuals was independently predicted by glomerular filtration rate, NT pro-BNP, CRP, sodium, serum random glucose, HbA1c, E, and E/e', but not by serum creatinine, potassium, or S′, according to multivariate regression.
Conclusions: Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) had inferior short-term clinical outcomes after acute HF. E, S′, sodium, potassium, serum glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), CRP, and short-term HF outcomes were independently predicted by both diabetes and non-diabetic individuals. Patients with HF with DM had reduced orthopnea, heart rates, and E/e' compared to those without diabetes. Along similar lines, this group exhibited reduced levels of LDL, left atrial volume index, E′, and S′.