Triglyceride Glucose Index for Detection of Silent Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes is a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD).  An oral glucose tolerance test has the potential to detect diabetes or prediabetes in up to 60% of the remaining persons with CAD, and it is anticipated that 20% to 30% of patients with CAD have diabetes.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the triglyceride glucose index (TyG) in identifying cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who may be experiencing silent CAD.
Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional observational research was done at Cardiology Department, Zagazig University Hospital. This research was performed on one hundred individuals who fulfilled the criteria set forth by the American Diabetes Association for a diagnosis of T2DM. Cases were categorized into three groups: Group (1): Lowest tertile, consisted of 34 patients, Group (2): Mid tertile, consisted of 33 patients, Group (3): Highest tertile, consisted of 33 patients.  
Result: In terms of age, body mass index (BMI), years of diabetes, physical activity, and metabolic syndrome, there were statistically significant variances among the groups. However, when it came to gender and smoking, there were no such differences.
Conclusion: Traditional markers of glycemic control, insulin resistance (IR), and renal function remain more reliable indicators of silent CAD risk in this population. To confirm the therapeutic value of the TyG index for stratifying cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic diabetics, bigger cohort prospective studies are needed.