Echocardiographic Assessment and Surgical Management of Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation: Review Article

Tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR) remains a significant clinical challenge, predominantly occurring as secondary or functional disease. This paper explores the echocardiographic assessment, pathophysiology, and operative management of tricuspid valve regurgitation, emphasizing the importance of repair techniques over replacement. Echocardiography plays a pivotal role in diagnosing TR and guiding surgical interventions, offering insights into annular dilation and leaflet tethering. Surgical repair, including the De Vega procedure, ring annuloplasty, and autologous pericardial band placement, is preferred for preserving valve function and improving outcomes. Functional TR associated with left-sided heart pathologies often warrants simultaneous repair during related surgeries. Medical management complements surgical approaches, addressing heart failure and pulmonary hypertension in appropriate cases. By reviewing the current techniques and their outcomes, this study underlines the importance of personalized surgical strategies for optimizing patient care and long-term prognosis.