Capsular Contracture after Breast Silicone Implants: A Comparative Study between Subglandular and Submuscular Implant Placement

Background: One of the post-surgical complications is capsular contracture resulting from the body's immune response to foreign material. It frequently necessitates the replacement of implants and/or corrective surgery.
Objective: This study aimed to compare the incidence of capsular contracture following breast silicone implantation, focusing on the two placements: Subglandular (SG) and submuscular (SM).
Patients and methods: This randomized clinical open-label study involved 40 women, between the ages of 18 and 65, who underwent primary breast augmentation. Patients were chosen at random and divided equally among the groups: Patients in group I received SG implants. Group II: SM implants were performed on patients. A detailed history of weight loss, the preoperative and the presenting body mass index (BMI), complete nutritional evaluation, and medical comorbidities, was taken.
Results: The overall incidence of contracture rate was 9 (45%) patients in group I and 2 (10%) patients in group II with RR (95%CI) of 4.5(1.11:18.27). The overall incidence of contracture rate substantially decreased in group II compared to group I. (P=0.031). The grade of group II was substantially lower than that of group I, as per the Baker classification (P=0.046).
Conclusions: The SM group exhibited considerably lower rates of capsular contracture than the SG group, as evidenced by the study's findings, with no significant postoperative complications.