Intravenous Labetalol versus Intravenous Nitroglycerin versus Sublingual Nifedipine to Control Blood Pressure in Severe Pre-Eclampsia, Prospective Comparative Study: As A Review of Literature

Background: Worldwide, hypertensive diseases of pregnancy cause around 60000 maternal and 500000 fetal fatalities annually, affecting between three percent and five percent of pregnancies.  Pre-eclampsia (PE) and eclampsia are recognized to be the hypertension (HTN) conditions that pose the greatest health hazards to the expectant mother and the developing fetus.
Objective: This review compared the effects of sublingual nifedipine, Intravenous (IV) nitroglycerin, and IV labetalol on blood pressure (BP) management in patients with severe PE.
Methods: From January 2000 to June 2025, a thorough search was carried out in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct using the following keywords: PE, BP, Labetalol, Nitroglycerin, and Nifedipine.  The reviewers also assessed the references to pertinent literature.  Only the most recent or comprehensive study was considered. Oral presentations, dissertations, conference abstracts, and unpublished papers are a few examples of works that weren't considered important scientific study.  Documents published in languages other than English were ignored as a result of lack of translation resources.
Conclusion: The following treatments were administered to women with severe PE: IV nitroglycerine, sublingual nifedipine, and a continuous infusion of labetalol. These treatments significantly decreased BP after administration compared to baseline, with the labetalol group experiencing a much greater reduction in mean arterial BP. The labetalol group achieved the desired BP considerably more quickly than the nitroglycerin and nifedipine groups respectively.