Assessment of Some Clinical and Laboratory Parameters as Outcome Predictors of Patients with Sepsis in Intensive Care Unit

Background: The body's dysregulated reaction to infection often leads to the serious condition known as sepsis, which is common in intensive care units (ICUs). Early identification of predictive markers is critical for timely intervention and improved outcomes.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes and to identify predictors of mortality in sepsis patients admitted to the ICU.
Patients and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 56 adult ICU patients diagnosed with sepsis according to the Sepsis-3 criteria. Clinical data, including age, comorbidities, and severity scores (SOFA and APACHE II), were recorded upon admission. Laboratory parameters such as procalcitonin, complete blood count, and C-reactive protein were analyzed. Patients were followed until discharge or death.
Results: The cohort consisted of 56 patients, with a mean age of 57.79 ±16.11 years. The overall mortality rate was found to be 59%. There was significant increase in number of mechanically ventilated patients and a highly significant incidence of complications and need for vasoactive drugs among non-survivors when compared with survivors. There was a highly significant higher APACHE II and qSOFA scores on the 1st day of admission among non-survivor patients. Non-survivors had significantly higher respiratory rates, creatinine and ALT compared to survivors.
Conclusion: This study highlighted the critical role of APACHE II and qSOFA scores in predicting mortality among ICU patients with sepsis and septic shock. Liver and kidney functions, low PH, low hemoglobin and hematocrit are important predictors of mortality in patients with sepsis. High respiratory rate and septic shock are strong predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis.