Comparative Evaluation of 1-Point vs 2-Point ‎Fixation of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture

Background: Displacement of zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures may happen secondary to rotational forces on the zygomatic bone from the masseter muscle; in these cases, if the infratemporal fossa (ITF) is occupied, patients may have difficulties chewing. The zygomatic bone has an essential role in describing the height and width of the midface; as a result, inability to detect and manage this fracture may be accompanied by aesthetic deformity.
Aim: To evaluate and compare one-point ‎versus two-point fixation methods for ZMC ‎fractures.
Patients and Methods: This prospective non-randomized clinical trial included 40 patients with displaced ZMC fractures. The patients were non-randomized chosen into two groups, group 1 underwent 1-point fixation with lateral eyebrow incision and group 2 underwent 2-point fixation with lateral eyebrow incision and subciliary incision. Preoperative radiological evaluation was done by using CT facial ‎bones. Patients were assessed after 1 week, 4 weeks, and after 6 months postoperatively. The outcomes assessed the deformity, stabilization, cosmetic appearance, and healing.
Results: There was insignificant difference between groups as regard age, sex, marital status, occupation, mode of injury, site of fracture, type of deformity, other associated features, nose fractures, orbital fracture, Frontal comminuted, corneal ulcer, hospital stay and postoperative deformity, stabilization, cosmetic appearance, evaluation of healing, and secondary outcomes.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that both fixation techniques resulted in comparable outcomes regarding fracture healing, stabilization, and cosmetic appearance. Both techniques are effective for treating ZMC fractures, and the choice of fixation method should be based on the surgeon’s preference and patient-specific factors.