Prognostic Value of Histopathological Type and Metastatic Pattern in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Single Institutional Experience

Background: Worldwide, metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) constitutes one of the main causes of cancer-related mortality. Metastatic pattern and histopathological type are among the factors influencing survival.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between histopathological types and metastatic patterns, and the impact of both on survival in synchronous stage IV CRC
Patients and Methods: One hundred twenty-five patients diagnosed with synchronous stage IV CRC at Medical Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute (SECI), Assiut University were prospectively enrolled in our study from June 2022 to June 2024.
Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between histopathological type with liver (P < 0.0001), and peritoneal metastasis (P < 0.0001). During a median follow-up time of 14 months (ms), median overall survival (OS) significantly differs according to histopathological type, it was longer in non-mucinous adenocarcinoma 17 ms vs 13 ms in both mucin-secreting and signet ring adenocarcinoma, P = 0.004. In addition, median OS significantly differs according to the tumor load (number of organs affected by metastasis), one (17 ms), two (15 ms), three (10 ms), and four sites of metastasis (7 ms), P = .029.
Conclusion: Histopathological subtypes have a considerable impact on the metastatic pattern of patients with metastatic CRC. Histopathological type and tumor load are among the prognostic factors influencing survival in metastatic CRC patients.