Ascitic Fluid Calprotectin as a Diagnostic Marker of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

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The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine

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	Ascitic Fluid Calprotectin as a Diagnostic Marker of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Article 77, Volume 96, Issue 1, July 2024, Page 2843-2850 PDF (588.85 K)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/ejhm.2024.374383
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Abstract
Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), a life-threatening infection in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis, is traditionally diagnosed by a high white blood cell count (polymorphonuclear leukocyte count (PMN) > 250/μL) in ascitic fluid. However, this method can be slow. Objective: This study explores ascitic fluid calprotectin as a potentially faster and more accurate diagnostic tool.Patients and Methods: Ninety patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (45 with confirmed SBP and 45 without SBP) were included. Ascitic fluid calprotectin levels were measured in all participants. Results: SBP patients had significantly higher calprotectin levels than the non-SBP group. Additionally, calprotectin levels correlated with white blood cell counts and other inflammatory markers in the ascitic fluid. Using a cut-off value of 433.7 ng/ml, calprotectin achieved a sensitivity of 73.3% and a specificity of 85.1% for detecting SBP. Conclusion: Ascitic fluid calprotectin shows promise as a reliable and potentially faster method for diagnosing SBP in patients with cirrhosis. It could serve as a valuable addition to existing diagnostic tools.
Keywords
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; Calprotectin; Ascites; Liver cirrhosis


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