Overview on Prevalence, Etiology, and Management of Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) Disease: Review article

Background: Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) is a crystal arthropathy caused by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in joints and soft tissues, resulting in inflammation and joint damage. Asymptomatic CPPD, osteoarthritis with CPPD, acute CPPD crystal arthritis (formerly pseudogout), and chronic CPPD crystal inflammatory arthritis are all clinical manifestations of CPPD. Aging, trauma, and osteoarthritis are all established risk factors for CPPD.
Objective: Our review article discusses several elements of CPPD. It goes through how CPPD can develop as various types of arthritis, which can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were scoured for information on Arthritis, CPPD, Etiology of CPPD and Management of CPPD. The authors also reviewed the relevant literature, however only the most recent or comprehensive studies from 2000 to 2023 were included. Documents written in languages other than English have been disregarded because translation resources are inadequate. Unpublished articles, oral presentations, conference abstracts, and dissertations were not included because they were not considered to be part of major scientific projects. Conclusion: They occur with a wide range of clinical symptoms and can provide diagnostic and treatment issues. It is the third most prevalent kind of inflammatory arthritis. The clinical picture and radiographic/laboratory data are used to make a diagnosis. The detection of CPP crystals in synovial fluid is the gold standard for diagnosing CPPD. CPP crystals cause inflammation, resulting in articular tissue injury. The standard tests utilized in the diagnostic workup are briefly discussed. The origin of the sickness, traditional and novel approaches for the treatment of CPPD are discussed. Although being one of the most prevalent types of inflammatory arthritis, CPPD has received little attention, and evidence-based treatment guidelines are limited.