Role of Irisin in Physiological and Pathological Conditions: Review Article

The chance of developing several illnesses, such as obesity, diabetes, heart disease, some types of cancer, and some neurological conditions, is increased by a sedentary lifestyle or a lack of exercise. Exercise lowers the risk of numerous diseases and helps to enhance quality of life. Irisin, a hormone released during exercise that connects muscles to other tissues, is a fragment of the cell membrane protein FNDC5. Over the past ten years, it has become abundantly clear that irisin is a molecular mimic of exercise and has a variety of advantageous effects, such as browning of adipocytes, alteration of metabolic processes, control of bone metabolism, and nervous system function. Irisin plays a part in the development of cancer; various studies have demonstrated how it affects the invasion, migration, and growth of cancer cells. Irisin's receptor is not fully understood, however, it probably works through a specific family of integrin receptors in some tissues. In this article, we examine recent studies, which suggest that irisin may be a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment or prevention of a number of disorders with a metabolic component. This paper describes the irisin's biochemical and structural characteristics and offers information on how irisin functions in various clinical circumstances.