Significance of Adequate Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Management Planning on Healthcare Outcomes: A Review of Current Literature

Background: Gastrointestinal bleeding is a frequent medical emergency with a steady 10% mortality rate for 20 years. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is an increasing global health issue requiring quick evaluation, resuscitation, coagulation correction, and interventions.
Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate if a comprehensive approach involving quick evaluation, resuscitation, coagulation correction, and timely diagnostic or therapeutic intervention can improve outcomes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients.
Patients and Methods: The retrospective analysis examined hospital records of 224 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding proximal to the Treitz ligament admitted to Al-Jalla Hospital from January to December 2021. The study collected clinical presentation, investigation, and outcome data through a specialized form.
Results: The study analyzed 224 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, with 65% male preponderance and almost half being over 60 years old. The majority (79.5%) were admitted to general surgical wards, and melena was the most common symptom (72%). Endoscopic findings revealed duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, and erosive gastritis in 21% of cases each, and erosive esophagitis in 9%. The mortality rate was 16%, with higher rates observed in patients over 60 years.
Conclusion: The study found a mortality rate of 16% in the patient population, indicating a need for more resources and a more comprehensive approach to patient management.