The Part Immunohistochemical Markers (CK19 AND CD56) Play in Distinguishing Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma from Other Pathological Imitators

Background: The most prevalent type of thyroid cancer is papillary thyroid carcinoma. PTC's unique nuclear properties are the primary diagnostic indicator. It is difficult to make a diagnosis since similar lesions are focally present in other thyroid lesions. Aim: The ability of the immunohistochemical markers CD56 and CK19 (cytokeratin 19) to identify papillary thyroid carcinoma from similar thyroid lesions.
Methods: We looked at 122 instances of various thyroid lesions in the population of Iraq where CK19 and CD56 immunoexpression was detected. The study was carried out on the clinical evaluation, responsiveness, precision, and predictive positive and negative values.
Results: CK19 was strongly expressed in 89.7% of the PTC group and strongly negative in 85.7% of the NPTC group, per the statistical findings (P<0.001). CD56 expression was significantly (P<0.001) reduced in more individuals of the PTC group by 97.2%). CK19 was the most sensitive marker and CD56 was the most specific marker when comparing papillary carcinoma with thyroid hyperplastic diseases, and diagnostic accuracy was improved when both markers were combined. In terms of papillary Micro carcinoma stain, CK 19 had 100% prevalence and 100% sensitivity, whereas CD56 had 100% specificity. Conclusion: In order to diagnose papillary thyroid carcinoma and distinguish it from its mimics, immunohistochemistry using the markers CK19 and CD56 is a recognized effective supplementary method in questionable cases.