Pharyngoplasty and Other Options for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Review Article

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a persistent respiratory problem that affects an increasing number of people. The pharyngeal airway becomes obstructed and narrowed at regular intervals during sleep in people with OSA. Heart disease, metabolic diseases, cognitive impairment, and depression are only some of the long-term effects of untreated OSA. Optimal nasal continuous airway pressure usage and restoration of normal breathing are the goals of nasal reconstructive surgery for patients with nasal airway obstruction due to bony or cartilaginous growths or hypertrophied tissues.
Objective: Review of the literature on Pharyngoplasty and other options for Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea.
Methods: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct for information on Pharyngoplasty, and Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. However, only the most current or comprehensive study from March 2004 to January 2022 was considered. The authors also assessed references from pertinent literature. Documents in languages other than English have been disregarded since there are not enough resources for translation. Unpublished manuscripts, oral presentations, conference abstracts, and dissertations were examples of papers that were not considered to be serious scientific research.
Conclusion: The idea of Anterolateral Advancement Pharyngoplasty to avoid transecting the palatopharyngeal muscle (PPM)' lower end and severing any of the muscle fibers in the superior pharyngeal constrictor (SPC), a pharyngoplasty is performed to partially segregate the PPM's anterior and posterior sections. Tension on the lateral pharyngeal wall (LPW) was achieved by first hooking the posterior PPM to the lingual velum psoas muscle, and the remaining PPM and SPC are advanced superolaterally and sutured to the pterygomandibular raphes in a figure-of-eight method.