The Association of Leptin Levels in Iraqi Women with Newly Diagnosed Thyroid Dysfunction

Background: Leptin changes were observed in thyroid dysfunction patients, yet the evidence is inconsistent.
Objective:  This study aimed to find  the correlation between leptin and thyroid hormone with lipid profile in Iraqi women who have recently been diagnosed with thyroid dysfunction.
Subjects and Methods: A case-control study that was conducted at Chemistry and Biochemistry department, Medicine College in cooperation with National Diabetes Center (NDC), Mustansiriyah University during the period from January 2021 to February  2022. One hundred thirty two (132) samples were included in this study. All participants were women and  aged between (21-54) years. They were divided into three groups: (44) subjects served as a control group, (44) patients with newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism and (44) patients with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism.
Results: The levels of serum leptin have been elevated in the patients who have newly diagnosed hypothyroidism (p ≤ 0.001) and declined in patients that had newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism (p ≤ 0.0010) when compared to control group. Patients with hyperthyroidism had low levels of  triglycerides, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein, while patients with hypothyroidism had high levels   of  triglycerides, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein. No correlation between leptin  and thyroid hormones with lipid profile in both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Conclusion:  Leptin levels were high in patients with hypothyroidism, while  were low in hyperthyroidism. No correlation between leptin and thyroid hormones with lipid profile.