Prophylactic Effect of Costus and Selenium Nanoparticles in Isoproterenol Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious condition caused by an imbalance between blood supply and the demand of the myocardium leading to cardiac arrhythmia, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and myocardial fibrosis.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Costus and Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) to ameliorate the myocardial infarct damage that has been induced by isoproterenol (ISO).
Material and methods: Six groups of weight matched rats (n=7) were used. G1 (control) received saline (1ml/rat) orally, G2 rats were orally given Costus 500 ml/kg body weight (b.wt), G3 rats were intraperitoneally injected with SeNPs (30 µgm/kg b.wt), G4 rats were injected subcutaneously with ISO (85 mg/kg b.wt) once daily at last two consecutive days, G5 where rats were pretreated with Costus prior to ISO injection and G6 where rats were pretreated with SeNPs prior to ISO injection. Results: ISO-treated group exhibited an elevation in serum creatine kinase (CK-MB) & aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and C- reactive protein (CRP) as well as disturbances in the levels of glucose & insulin. Also, there was significant increment in total cholesterol, and triglyceride with a noticeable decline in HDL. Additionally, changes in serum electrolytes and the parameters suggestive of oxidative damage. Rats either pretreated with Costus or SeNPs manifested significant decrease in CKMB & AST levels. Besides, a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose and insulin. This treatment reversed the hyperlipidemia. Conclusion: Serum electrolytes including Na, K, Ca⁺² & Mg were significantly improved. Moreover, the previous treatment imposed anti-inflammatory effects by the mitigation of serum CRP and reduced the oxidative stress. Thus, Costus & SeNPs act as promising cardioprotective modalities to alleviate the unfavorable outcome of myocardial infarction.