Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-20025120011001Interleukin-8 and Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in patients with ulcerative colitis1111885810.21608/ejhm.2001.18858ENMona M. MorsyInternal Medicine, Clinical Pathology and Pathology Departments, Faculty of
Medicine for Girls, AL Azhar UniversityMagda I.M. EL MahdyInternal Medicine, Clinical Pathology and Pathology Departments, Faculty of
Medicine for Girls, AL Azhar UniversityWafaa H.A. HelmyInternal Medicine, Clinical Pathology and Pathology Departments, Faculty of
Medicine for Girls, AL Azhar UniversityJournal Article20181112Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, characterized by dysregulated local immune defense with constant influx of leucocytes , providing a basis for continuous intestinal inflammation. The present study was conducted to evaluate the serum and intestinal concentrations of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and their correlation with the disease activity. Twenty eight patients with ulcerative colitis (16 with active and 12 with inactive disease) and 12 subjects as a control group were included in the study .The patients and control group were subjected to the following investigations: colonoscopy and obtaining biopsy specimens , histopathological examination of biopsy specimen for assessment of disease activity score, assay of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), assay of IL-8 and sICAM-1 levels in sera and colonic biopsy specimens. The results showed that the serum and tissue IL-8 concentrations were significantly increased in patients with active UC as compared to control group (p<0.001) and to inactive cases(p<0.001), but there were non significant difference between inactive and control groups (p>0.05). The results of sICAM-1 in sera and colonic mucosa showed significant increase in patients with active UC as compared to the control group (p<0.001) and as compared to inactive cases (p<0.001).There was non significant difference in sICAM level (in sera and tissue) between inactive patients and control group (p>0.05). Both IL-8 and sICAM-1 whether in sera or in tissue showed significant positive correlations with disease activity score and the inflammatory markers , (ESR and CRP) in patients with active UC. IL-8 in sera and tissue also showed significant positive correlation with sICAM-1 in patients with active UC. In conclusion, both IL-8 and sICAM-1 showed significant increase in patients with active ulcerative colitis as compared to control group and inactive cases , denoting that they might play a role in the inflammatory response and tissue destruction and that the assay of their serum levels could be simple, non-invasive tests for monitoring the disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis.Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-20025120011001Histochemical And Immunohistochemical Studies on The Effect Of Melatonin On Experimental Atherosclerosis In The Aorta of Rabbit12241885910.21608/ejhm.2001.18859ENFE MattarDepartment of Histology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine in CairoAA IsmaelDepartment of Histology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine in CairoMA KasemDepartment of Histology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine in AssiutKI IbrahimDepartment of Histology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine in AssiutJournal Article20181112Treatment of atherosclerosis or its prevention still represents one of the difficult challenges to modern medicine. Free radical peroxidation of LDL has been proposed to have a primary effect on the onset of diet-induced atherosclerosis. Melatonin has been shown to be potentially effective in prevention of some disorders in which free radical processes are involved. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of melatonin on high cholesterol fed animal arteries. Assessment of the atherosclerosis associated foam cells, intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) was performed by histochemical and immuno-histochemical methods. Thirty adult male New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups, ten animals each. Group-A served as control, group B&C were fed 1% cholesterol-rich diet for 6 weeks. Animals of group-C were drenched, at night, 510 ml saline solution containing 4.2 mg/kg/day melatonin. Frozen sections from the thoracic aorta were prepared for histochemical demonstration of peroxidase & acid phosphatase enzyme activities, and immuno histochemical display of ICAM-1 & VCAM-1. The enzyme activity and adhesion molecule expression were measured by computerized image analysis. Accumulation of peroxidase & acid phosphatase-rich foam cells was microscopically evident in the sub-endothelium of group-B arteries only. Enzyme activity and expression of ICAM-1 were significantly (p <0.0001) higher in group-B than group-C which was also higher than control, while VCAM-1 expression was significantly (p≤ 0.013) higher in group-B than control which was higher (p<0.00001) than group-C. In conclusion, the results indicate that melatonin could potentially be beneficial in prevention of the food induced atherosclerotic lesions.Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-20025120011001Possible involvement of IL-18 in SLE-dysregulated apoptosis and cytopenia25371886010.21608/ejhm.2001.18860ENMona Hilmy AlrayesDepartments of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Alazhar University.Mona Mohamed MoursyDepartments of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Alazhar University.Journal Article20181112Background and objectives: Tissue homeostasis is maintained through a balance between cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death. Dysregulated apoptosis leads to development of autoimmunity like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). One of the key biological responses induced by IL-18 is that in combination with IL-12 it stimulates Th1 cell differentiation and involvement in immune responses. Up regulation of Fas ligand in Th1 cells by IL-18 may increase apoptosis of Fas receptor expressing cells that interact with activated Th1 cells. This induction of apoptosis may allow IL-18 to play a role in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. The aim of this study is to quantify the percentage of apoptotic peripheral blood neutrophils in SLE and to determine the relation with cytopenia. Also the serum level of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 is measured in SLE to be correlated with apoptotic neutrophils and other studied parameters. Methods: Neutrophil apoptosis in 30 SLE patients and 15 healthy controls was assessed by flow cytometry using annexin V and 7AAD binding. Serum IL-18 was measured by ELISA and CBC was done by automated cell counter. Results: The percentage of total, early and late apoptotic neutrophils, determined by annexin V and 7AAD binding, was increased in peripheral blood of SLE patients without corticosteroid therapy (group I, n=15) (54.2 ± 16.3 %, 36.35 ± 13.9 % and 17.8 ± 6.4 % respectively) and also SLE patients with corticosteroid therapy (group II, n=15) (47.3 ± 28.1 %, 37.1 ± 25.6 % and 10.1 ± 6.6 % respectively) compared with normal controls (group III, n=15) (7.24 ± 3.7 %, 2.5 ± 1.5 % and 4.7 ± 2.9 % respectively). SLE neutrophil apoptosis correlated negatively with WBC (p=0.01) in group I. Serum IL-18 was significantly elevated in SLE patients with renal complication within group I when compared with SLE patients without renal complication within the same group (p=0.01) and correlated positively with SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) (p=0.001). In group II; IL-18 revealed significant negative correlation with % of both total and early apoptotic neutrophils (p=0.02) and highly significant negative correlation with absolute lymphocytes (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Increased circulating apoptotic neutrophils in SLE patients may be a pattern of unbalanced process of both apoptosis and clearance of apoptotic material. Neutrophil apoptosis may be a significant cause for SLE associated cytopenia. Effect of IL-18 on neutrophil apoptosis and clearance may be masked or opposed by other undetermined factors in SLE. Corticosteroid therapy may improve neutrophil apoptotic clearance as well as IL-18 inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects in SLE.Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-20025120011001Using Restriction-Site Variation of PCR-Amplified 18S Ribosomal RNA Gene for Phylogenetic Analysis of Hymenolepis spp.38481886110.21608/ejhm.2001.18861ENMohammed H. AwwadDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Benha BranchGehan H. LashienDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Benha BranchSahar M. Abou El KheirDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Benha BranchJournal Article20181112Hymenolepis spp. infections are often asymptomatic, especially in light cases. Heavy infections can induce enteritis with nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and dizziness. Genetic therapy is the most future promising trend for treatment and prevention so, a genotype map of different parasite on microorganisms must be done. A simple and rapid polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR/RFLPs) assay, using the common restriction endonucleases HindIII, Bg1I, EcoRI, BanII, SacII and SstII, is described to illustrate the genetic structure of both Hymenolepis species. All restriction endonucleases have been used to differentiate between both species and based on ~2200 bp long sequence of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene. H. nana and H. diminuta were undifferentiated when their 18S rRNA genes digested with HindIII restriction endonuclease. The two Hymenolepis were welldifferentiated when their 18S ribosomal RNA genes were digested with Bg1I and EcoRI restriction endonucleases. It’s clear observed that BanII, SacII and SstII restriction enzymes could be used as a genetic marker for H. nana when the enzymes uniquely fragmented the 18S rRNA gene without digesting the gene of H. diminuta.Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-20025120011001Aerobic Microbial Skin Flora in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia49771886210.21608/ejhm.2001.18862ENRajaa M. MilyaniDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science,
King Abdulaziz University.Journal Article20181112The aerobic microbial skin flora of 40 healthy subjects living in Jeddah city (Saudi Arabia) was determined. Two age groups: children and adults; including males and females were investigated. Seven sites were studied: forehead, axilla, chest, groin, leg, toe web and anterior nares. The skin was sampled by rubbing the chosen site with a surfactant substance (Tween 80) moistened cotton swab which was dipped back in the surfactant container and the resulted suspension was agitated for one minute. Thirty three microbial species were isolated from the seven sites of the study group, in which Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter lwoffii, corynebacterium species and Staphylococcus (Staph.) aureus dominated among children (30% each). The most other prevalent isolates recovered were Alkaligenes species, Bacillus species, Chryseomonas luteola, Staph. epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Staph. hominis (27.5% each). Organisms including Candida albicans, Enterobacter agglomerans, Escherichia coli, Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Klebsiella oxytoca, Micrococcus luteus, Micrococcus roseus, Micrococcus varians, Micrococcus species, Burkholderia cepacia, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas paucimobilis, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Pseudomonas species, Staph. capitis, Staph. cohnii, Staph. saprophyticus, Staph. simulans, Staph. warneri, Staph. xylosus, viridans-type streptococcus and yeasts were also found in different percentage. Higher isolation rates of Acinetobacter lwoffii, Staph. aureus, Alkaligenes species, Corynebacterium species, Chryseomonas luteola, Enterobacter agglomerans, Staph. epidermidis and other coagulase negative Staphylococci were noted in children from the seven sites. However, Chryseomonas luteola, and Pseudomonas species, were found only in the groin area among males. Otherwise, no significant differences were recorded in the isolation rates from each site separately in relation to age and sex. The role of the isolated microorganisms in endogenous, exogenous and nosocomial infections was emphasized.Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-20025120011001Brief Intense TENS Efficacy in Post – Herpetic Neuralgia of the Sciatic Nerve.78831886310.21608/ejhm.2001.18863ENMowafy Emam MowafyPhysical Therapy Department for Surgery , Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo
University, Egypt.Akef A KhowailedPhysiology Department Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University, Egypt.Journal Article20181112This study has been conducted to determine efficacy of the brief intense TENS on pain in patients with post – herpetic neuralgia of sciatic nerve. Forty patients (25 males and 15 females) suffering from post –herpetic neuralgia with no other systemic or metabolic disorders, participated in this study. Their age ranged from 25 to 40 years (X=34.35± 1.11). They were divided randomly into two groups of equal number and consented to receive brief intense TENS (for the first experimental group) and placebo TENS (for second control group), from a dual – channel TENS unit along the sciatic nerve course. Assessment of pain was carried out before and after treatment which include a session for 10 minutes conducted every twelve hours daily, at the same times on 3 consecutive days. Non significant difference in serum cortisol level was recorded before starting the treatment between the two groups as it was 34.35 and 34.30 for the first and second group respectively. Data collected at the end of the treatment program showed that averages of Serum Cortisol Level (SCL) were 26.59±2.71 µg/dl and 34.28±3.49µg/dl in the first and second groups respectively. Results showed a significant reduction in SCL at the end of the treatment program in the first group only. So the brief intense TENS may be considered as an effective tool in modulating the post –heretic neuralgia of the sciatic nerve.Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-20025120011001Radioimmunoassays Of Hormonal Changes Associated With Dysphoric Disorder In Premenstrual Women84911886410.21608/ejhm.2001.18864ENRagab H. EL-YamaniObstetric and Gynecology Dept. Faculty of Medicine, Al-Margab University, Great
Socialist People’s Libyan JamahiriyaMaha G. SolimanPharmacology Dept (Medical microbiology
and immunology unit) Notional Organization for Drug Control and ResearchJournal Article20181112The neuroendocrinological changes that occur in patients with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) are poorly understood. The mechanism is likely to be a complex interaction between gonadal hormones and neurotransmitters. Melatonin is the predominant pineal neurohormone. The gonadal changes associated with melatonin are mediated via the hypothalamus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate melatonin concentrations in patients with PMDD. Also serum prolactin (PRL) and progesterone levels were estimated for any correlation with melatonin secretion. During the symptomatic late luteal phase, serum melatonin concentrations were determined by Radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 12 women with PMDD and 12 normal control women (NC). Also serum PRL and progesterone were estimated to all women by RIA. Melatonin concentration in patient with PMDD was significantly lower than in NC (mean 25.25 VS 79.25 P< 0.05). Serum PRL levels were significantly higher in PMDD subjects than in NC (mean 39.08 VS 20.17 P < 0.05). Serum progesterone levels were lower in PMDD than NC (mean 20.42 VS 33.58 P < 0.05). The results showed inverse correlation between melatonin and PRL levels (r = 0.931, P < 0.001) and direct correlation between melatonin and progesterone levels (r=0.894, p < 0.001). No correlation was found between PRL and progesterone level. Findings of the study suggest that lowered melatonin levels in women with PMDD may be due to involvement of the pineal gland in the pathogenesis of this disorder.Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-20025120011001Some Biochemical Alternations Associated with Oral Contraceptives And Atherosclerosis in Albino Rats.921041886510.21608/ejhm.2001.18865ENE,A. KhalilNational Organization For Drug Control And Research,
BO Box 29 Cairo, EgyptM. H. AffifiFaculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo UniversityJournal Article20181112An excess intake of vitamin D2 can result in mobilization of calcium in the skeleton and increase the serum calcium level. This calcium is taken up by soft tissues such as arteries. The risk of calcium builds up in arteries, a significant component of atherosclerotic plaque. Many researches clarify the relationship between oral contraceptives and atherosclerosis. This study aims to evaluate the changes in some biochemical parameters as well as the histopathological examination of liver and aorta following the administration of hormonal oral contraceptives (O .CS) with different concentrations of estrogen (ethinyle-estradiol) (E.E) and progestogen DL-norgestrel (norethindrone) (NOR.) to the atherosclerotic rats. In addition to this, the study clarifies the role of low dose oral contraceptives. 48 adult female albino rats were divided into six comparable groups of 8 animals each. Group I (Gr.1) was considered as control, group II (Gr. II) was intramuscularly (i.m.) injected with vit. D2 350.000 IU /kg B.W., group III (Gr. III) administered O.C (35 g E.E/0.5 mg NOR.), group IV (Gr. IV) received (vit. D2 350.000 I.U vit. D2 /kg B.W plus O.C 35 g E.E/0.5 mg.), group V(Gr.V) received (vit. D2 350.000 I.U/kg B.W. plus O.C 35 g E.E/1mg NOR.), group VI (Gr.VI) received (vit. D2350.000 I.U /kg B.W.plus O.C 70 g E.E/0.5 mg NOR.) daily for an experimental period eight weeks.Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) displayed significant increase in the following groups (higher progestogen concentrations in O.Cs plus vit. D2 treated group, at low-dose O.C plus vit. D2 treated group, at higher estrogen dose within O.C plus vit. D2 treated group, vit. D2 treated,and at low-dose O.C treated group). Serum triglycerides recorded significant increase in group treated with higher estrogen dose within O.C plus vit. D2 treated group, low-dose O.C plus vit. D2 treated group , higher progestogen concentrations in O.Cs plus vit. D2 treated group, vit. D2 treated group,and at low-dose O.C treated group respectively. Serum total cholesterol increased significantly in higher progestogen concentrations in O.Cs plus vit. D2 treated group, at low-dose O.C plus vit. D2 treated group, vit. D2 treated group, low-dose O.C treated group and at higher estrogen dose within O.C plus vit. D2 treated group at 8 weeks in comparison with control. Histopathological studies of livers showed severe at the higher progestogen concentration in O.C plus vit. D2 treated group and at low dose O.C plus vit. D2 treated group .Liver displayed moderate degenerative changes in higher estrogen dose within O.C plus vit. D2 treated group, in vit. D2 treated group and in low dose O.C treated group. Media calcinosis in aorta was more obvious at the higher progestogen concentrations in O.Cs plus vit. D2 treated group. Also it develops at low dose O.C treated group. In conclusion atherosclerosis may develop at low dose O.C due to progestogen content.Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-20025120011001Skin Temperature Changes to Strong Low Rate Acupuncture -Like TENS in Raynaud's Disease1051101886610.21608/ejhm.2001.18866ENMowafy Emam MowafyPhysical Therapy Department for Surgery , Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo
University, Egypt.Akef A KhowailedPhysiology Department Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University, EgyptJournal Article20181112The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the strong low rate(SLR) acupuncture -like TENS on the skin temperature in Raynaud's disease. Forty patients (30 females and 10 males) suffering from Raynaud's disease with no other systemic or metabolic disorders, participated in this study. Their age ranged from 20 to 40 years (X=27.35 ± 4.41). They were divided randomly into two groups of equal number and consented to receive SLR, Acupuncture-like TENS for the first study group and placebo TENS for the second control group, on the thoraco-lumber region from a dual –channel TENS unit. Assessment of the skin temperature from the big toe and little finger was carried out before and after treatment ( session for 20 minutes) at the same times on 3 consecutive days, in an air conditioned room, with the ambient room temperature was adjusted between 24°C to 28°C. Before starting the treatment program results showed no significant difference in the toe skin temperature (TST), in °C between the study and control groups as it was 29.91 + 2.44 and 28.7+1.23 for the study and control groups respectively. Also no significant difference was recorded in the finger skin temperature (FST), as it was 28.85+2.36 and 27.45+1.17 for the study and control groups respectively. Data collected at the end of the treatment program showed that averages of the (TST) in °C were 31.44±2.57 and 28.85±1.237 in the study and control groups respectively. While averages of (FST) inºC were 30.75±2.51 and 27.66±1.186 in the study and control groups respectively. Results showed a significant increase in TST and FST at the end of the treatment program in the experimental group only, which suggested that SLR acupuncture –like TENS could be fruitful in Raynaud's disease.