Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200210120030101Toxic effects of alloxan in the rat. Mechanism and protection with Zinc1131872410.21608/ejhm.2003.18724ENSohair A. MoustafaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science Suez Canal University,
Ismailia, EgyptJournal Article20181111In the present study male albino rats weighing 200 ± 50 g were made diabetic by injection with a single ip dose of alloxan (100 mg/kg). Another group of rats was simultaneously treated with alloxan (100 mg/kg) and a single ip dose of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) (5 mg/kg). Blood and tissue samples were collected at 24, 48 and 72 hours posttreatment in both groups. Plasma insulin was significantly higher than control 24 hours after treatment in both alloxan and alloxan plus Zn treated groups, and then decreased 48 and 72 hours post treatment in both groups. The reduction was significant after 72 hours in alloxan treated group. A reduction in pancreatic glutathione (GSH) concentration was observed in alloxan-treated rats compared with control values at all sampling times of the experiment. When alloxan and ZnCl2 were administered simultaneously, alloxan-induced reduction in pancreatic GSH was diminished, and a significant high GSH values were recorded relative to those recorded after treatment with alloxan alone 24, 48 and 72 hours post treatment. Alloxan has induced a significant increase in the serum levels of creatinine, urea and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 24 hours after treatment, which returned nearly to their normal levels 48 and 72 hours after alloxan injection except for the levels of urea and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) which were dramatically declined 48 hours after treatment before its return to the control level 72 hours following alloxan intoxication. The concentrations of serum metabolites were unchanged due to the simultaneous treatment with alloxan and ZnCl2 as compared to their concentrations in alloxan alone-treated rats except after 48 hours where alloxan plus Zn treatment has caused a significant elevation in the serum levels of urea and BUN relative to their values in alloxan alone-treated rats. A significant increase in liver glycogen level was observed 24 hours after alloxan and alloxan plus Zn treatments. Afterwards, it was markedly depleted by the two treatments 48 and 72 hours post treatment. The current results clearly indicate that the deleterious effects of alloxan were attenuated at many points by the simultaneous treatment with Zn. Of special importance was the effect of Zn in lowering the blood glucose concentration and replenishing the pancreatic GSH content.Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200210120030101Epidural versus intravenous clonidine for postoperative patient controlled analgesia14261872510.21608/ejhm.2003.18725ENSoaad A. LotfyDepartments of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of medicine for girls - Al Azhar universitySoaad A. MansourDepartments of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of medicine for girls - Al Azhar universityTarek M. El SaidDepartments of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of medicine for girls - Al Azhar universityAmal M. Abd El FattahDepartments of clinical pathology
Faculty of medicine for girls - Al Azhar universityAmal Abd El Aleem MorsyDepartments of clinical pathology
Faculty of medicine for girls - Al Azhar universityJournal Article20181111unlike most other sedative drugs, 2 adrenoceptor agonists e.g (clonidine) are capable of producing both sedation and analgesia with little if any, respiratory change. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy, the respiratory and the endocrine effects of epidural versus intravenous clonidine for postoperative pain. Forty adult patients ASA I and II of both sexes were scheduled for elective lower abdominal or lower extremity surgical procedures. For postoperative pain relief , the patients were randomly divided into two groups, twenty patient of each. In (Group I) patients received intravenous clonidine through patient-controlled analgesia pump (IPCA). In (Group II) patients received epidural clonidine through patient-controlled analgesia pump (EPCA). A standard anaesthetic technique was employed to all patients and anaesthesia was maintained with gas oxygen halothane and muscle relaxant. Serial arterial and venous blood samples were taken to measure blood gases and endorphin level. After surgery patients with visual analogue scale ( VAS ) >4 were given clonidine initial dose 4µg/kg intravenous or epidural infusion over a period of 30 minutes then they were allowed to self administer clonidine using PCA pump which delivered a bolus dose of 0.5µg/kg with a 15 minute lockout interval to the corresponding route. Self-administered doses were (124.2±34.637µg) in intravenous group and (100.6±31.406µg) in epidural group. The total clonidine dose was (424. ±38.138µg) in intravenous group versus (399.8±47.371µg) in epidural group. Pain scores were lower after than before clonidine administration in both groups . No significant difference in pain scores were found between the two groups. There was also no significant changes in respiratory rate, arterial PH, Pa Co2 or Pa o2 in each studied group and no significant difference between the two groups. Forced vital capacity ( FVC ) and Forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV1 ) were significantly reduced before clonidine injection in both groups. The beta endorphin level was increased after one hour of clonidine administration and there was no significant difference between the two groups. In conclusion Clonidine proves to be adequate alternative to opiates without their side effects and the dose of clonidine is lower by the epidural route.Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200210120030101Glucose intolerance due to heavy metals intoxication in the rat.27331872610.21608/ejhm.2003.18726ENSohair A. MoustafaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ismailia, EgyptJournal Article20181111Data of the current study show that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) (5 mg/kg) into male albino rats was found to induce a deterioration in glucose tolerance 24 hr post-treatment, which was accompanied by a reduced elevation in serum insulin levels inresponse to the glucose challenge. CdCl2 produced a significant decrease in the liver content of both glutathione and protein contents 24 hours post CdCl2 treatment while a significant elevation in liver thiobarbeturic acid (TBA)-reactants was observed. A significant decrease in serum total proteins was noticed due to CdCl2 treatment while the serum levels of the two aminotransferases enzymes AST & ALT were in significantly changed affected by cadmium intoxication. The present study suggest that the glucose intolerance observed due to CdCl2 intoxication could be due to the elevation of lipid peroxidation (induced by cadmium) which may affect the rate of glucose transport into the cells. Impaired insulin synthesis and the inactivation of the glucose metabolizing enzymes which could be secondary effects to the glutathione depleting effects of cadmium, were also suggested to be contributing mechanisms to the deterioration of glucose tolerance in cadmium intoxicated rats. The present study throw more light on one of the most serious phases of cadmium toxicity which emphasizes the importance of performing more studies to explore all the consequences of heavy metals pollution. This could be a gate way to determine means for protection against this pollution.Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200210120030101Protective Effect of Vitamin C and Ginseng on Experimental Liver and Kidney Injuries Induced by Insecticide Profenophos In Male Rats34511872710.21608/ejhm.2003.18727ENFatma A. MorsyPathology Department, National Research CenterJournal Article20181111The present investigation deals with histopathological and histochemical studies of profenophos on liver and kidney of male albino rats and the protective effects of vitamin C and ginseng to reduce the deleterious effect induced by profenophos. Oral administration of profenophos at dose level of 1 /10 LD50 for 15 successive days induced histological changes in liver and kidney. No histological or histochemical change could be detected in liver and kidney of rats treated with each of vitamin C and ginseng. Profenophos treatment also resulted in histochemical changes in liver and kidney including decrease in protein granules and marked decrease in DNA and mucopolysaccharides content. Administration of vitamin C (0.01/ 100 g b.w) and ginseng (20 mg/ kg b.w) to profenophos treated animals resulted in an improvement in histological picture of liver and kidney as well as the histochemical parameters.Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200210120030101Histopathological And Histochemical Studies On The Effect Of Taurine In Preventing Carbon Tetrachloride –Induced Hepatic Injury In The Albino Rat52651872810.21608/ejhm.2003.18728ENNabila S. HassanPathology Department– National Research CenterNaglaa F. AbbasPathology Department– National Research CenterHafiza A. SharafPathology Department– National Research CenterJournal Article20181111Taurine is an amino acid– like compound, it is found mostly in meat and fish.This study was designed to evaluate the effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) on liver Histopathological & Histochemical changes and the protective role of taurine (2aminoethanosulfonic acid ) was studied . Fourty two albino rats were divided into seven groups : control, taurine alone (200mg/kg), CCL4 alone, CCL4 plus 50mg/kg of taurine, CCL4 plus 100mg/kg of taurine, CCL4 plus 200mg/kg of taurine (taurine was injected twice daily for one week before CCL4 treatment), CCL4 plus 200mg/kg of taurine with and after CCL4 treatment. The sections (six microns) of rat liver were stained with haematoxyline and eosin for histological examination. Total protein content, alkaline phosphatase (Alk.ph), succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) ,and lipids were demonstrated.CCL4 treatment showed vacuolar degeneration , necrosis , mononuclear cellular infiltration around the central vein and fatty degeneration .These histological changes which appeared in the animals treated with CCL4 alone were more extensive and severe than those seen in the animals treated with CCL4 plus taurine . The incidences of total protein content, and SDH reaction were markedly reduced in CCL4 treated rats than in those protected with taurine . The Alk.ph. activity and lipid content were markedly higher in the CCL4 treated rats than in those protected with taurine.Taurine in this study ,not only reduced the hepatocellular damage but also improved the hepatocellular functions.Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200210120030101Anti-oxidative Effects of Melatonin in Protection Against Renal tubular Damage Caused By Ionizing Radiation In Mice66891873510.21608/ejhm.2003.18735ENHanaa Fathy WaerBiology Depart. Histology Lap. National center for radiation Research and technology
Atomic Energy Authority, CairoJournal Article20181111The response to ionizing radiation, at the cellular level, depends on a number of factors that may be grouped into those that are genetically controlled, radiation quality, dosage, and environmental factors. The biological effects of low levels of ionizing radiation, and regulatory measures to protect people from exposure to low doses, have come in for much scrutiny in recent years. The objective of this study is to examine the potential radioprotective properties of melatonin in exposed low dose irradiated mice. Kidney, is selected to study the effect of low dose gamma irradiation as it is a target organ of many other organs, which influence its function. Histopathological, and electron microscopical changes of the renal tubular structure of the kidney were studied in irradiated, and melatonin treated animals. Male adult albino mice were used in this experiment, they were divided into 5 main groups: the first was, served as control normal group. The 2nd was given-in a fractionated dose of gamma radiation at a dose level (½ Gy) twice a week for eight weeks, while the third were left 8 more weeks without radiation. The 4th group was given daily intraperitoneal, i.p. 10 mg/kg melatonin and irradiated by ½ Gy twice a week for eight weeks, and the 5 th was left 8 more weeks given melatonin only without irradiation. (All groups of animals were scarified at two time intervals 8 and 16 weeks). It could be observed that The intensity of the histological damage was more marked in the untreated irradiated group which irradiated for 8weeks than those which are irradiated and left 8 more weeks without radiation irradiated. Hydropic change in the renal tubule, degenerative, narcotizing changes, and areas of complete proximal tubular necrosis and autolysis break down were detected. The protection offered by pretreatment with Mel. is particularly dramatic. . The proximal tubules retain its normality and structure; the nuclei were rounded with welldeveloped nuclear membrane and chromatin. On the other hand the distal tubules were well designed with many mitochondria and healthy nucleus. It could be reported that 10 mg/kg melatonin given Intraperitoneal, (i.p.) Daily to the irradiated animals helped very much the kidney to be protected from radiation injuries. The radioprotective effects of melatonin against cellular damage caused by radiation oxidative stress and its low toxicity make it a potential supplement in the treatment or co-treatment in situations where the effects of ionizing radiation are to be minimized.Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200210120030101Anti – diabetic properties of water and ethanolic extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits flesh in senile diabetic rats901081873610.21608/ejhm.2003.18736ENSamir A.M. ZaahkoukZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al- Azhar UniversitySomaia Z.A. RashidZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta UniversityA.F. MattarHistology Department, Faculty of medicine, Al- Azhar UniversityJournal Article20181111The present study was designed to evaluate the role of a medicinal plant for management of diabetes instead of manufactured drugs, which led to many complications. Medicinal plants would be highly useful for this purpose because they are considered to be effective and non-toxic and safer than manufactured drugs. Water and ethanolic extracts of Hegleg (Balanites aegyptiaca) fruits were investigated for their hypoglycemic and hypolipidimic effect in normal senile diabetic rats in addition to some hormones related to diabetes mellitus. It has been recently known that leptin and insulin are involved in the regulation of energy balance and body weight in addition to reduction of blood glucose level. The extract induced significant reduction in serum glucose, glucagon, total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides level and transaminases (AST, ALT and GT) activities. Liver glycogen, serum insulin, leptin and testoeterone concentrations significantly increased in treated animals compared to control. The present data revealed insignificant changes in the serum total protein, albumin and globulin level during the experimental period. The obtained data suggest the beneficial role of Balanites aegyptiaca fruit as a hypoglycemic, hypolipidimic agent and as a protective a gent of liver from damage or injury. These results suggest that the anti-diabetic effect of Balanites aegyptiaca fruit flesh my be attributed at least in part to increased glucose metabolism and produces an increase in serum insulin concentration.Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200210120030101Progressive effects of nigella sativa ogaiast the interaction of sodium nitrite and sun - set yellow in albino rats1091291873710.21608/ejhm.2003.18737ENEman G.E. HelalFaculty of Science, Zoology Dept., Ahzar University (Girls)Samir A.M. ZaahkoukFaculty of Science, Zoology Dept., Ahzar UniversitySomaia Z. A. RashedFaculty of Science, Zoology Dept., Tanta UniversityJournal Article20181111It has been noticed that kids usually eat and drink food containing food preservator and food colorants at the same time. This behavior has been attracted the attention to study the interaction between one of food preservatives ( sodium nitrite NaNO3) and one of bood colorants (sunset -yellow S.S.Yellow). The interaction of the limited dose of these two components resulted in a lethal dose. So, 1 /10 of this dose was used for 30 days and left for another 15 days post the last dose for recovery. Other group was supplemented with Nigella sativa ( N.S) oil in addition to the same mixture. Ingestion of (NaNO3 and S.S.Yellow) mixture significantly decreased rat's body weight, RBC and WBC counts, Hb%, Hct%, serum inorganic phosphorus, serum protein and serum albumin. Significant increases were observed in serum glucose, T3, T4, calcium, -GT, LDH, CPK, Alk.ph and cholesterol. Also cholesterol of brain, liver and heart were significantly elevated. No changes were recorded for; organ/body weight, respiratory rate, heart beats, rectal temperature, acid phosphatase activity, AST and ALT activities of serum and tissues, protein of tissues, serum globulin, and total lipids of serum and tissues, cholesterol of muscle and kidney and serum triglyarides. A complete recovery of most biochemical and haematological parameters was observed days after stoppage of the mixture or after administration of Nigella sativa oil. This study ringe bells of dangerous. The study showed also that even the permitted colourants and food preservatives when taken together or if taken in excessive quantity may be harmful. Therefore, provision should be made for quantities estimation of food additives in various food stuff.Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200210120030101A Comparative Study Of Nicotine Effect On The Liver Of Albino Rat1301441873810.21608/ejhm.2003.18738ENMamdouh A. GhalyHistology Department, Faculty Of Medicine, Al - Azhar UniversityEl Sayed G. KhedrHistology Department, Faculty Of Medicine, Al - Azhar UniversityAhmed Abdel AleemHistology Department, Faculty Of Medicine, Al - Azhar UniversityJournal Article20181111We have studied the effect of cigarette smoke inhalation versus subcutanous nicotine injction on the liver of 40 adult male albino rats . Animals were divided into; cigarrete inhalation group and subcutaneous nicotine injection group. Inhalation group was subdivided into 5 subgroups ;three groups inhaled the smoke of two cigarettes three times a day in a closed chamber for 1,2&3 weeks respectively; a group of recovery after inhalation and a control group.The nicotine injection group was also subdivided into 5 subgroups;three groups were injected subcutaneously with 0.1ml of 1% nicotine every two days for 1,2&3 weeks respectively; a group of recovery after injection and a control group.Rats were sacrificed at the determined durations and the liver was subjected for preparation of 6 microns paraffin sections. Microscopic examination of paraffin sections stained with H&E; Masson trichrome and PASwas done and interpreted with the image analyzer. Several histological findings such as degenerative changes in hepatocytes, cellular infiltration, periportal fibrosis, and congestion of both central and portal veins have been noticed. Also, histochemical P.A.S. reaction has showed marked decrease in both groups. The mean optical density (O D) of P A S in hepatocytes of cigarette group was (0.31±0.02), and that of nicotine group was (0.26±0.03), which were significantly lower than that in the control group with mean O.D. (0.54±0.5) and (0.51±0.03) respectively. In conclusion; the inhalation of nicotine in the form of cigarette smoke resulted in deteriorative changes in the liver of the male adult albino rat more than nicotine injected subcutaneously, and these changes was partialy reversed shortly after withdrawal.Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200210120030101Ultrastructural and histological changes induced by ivermectin in the ovary of Argas persicus after feeding1451721873910.21608/ejhm.2003.18739ENHamdy H. SwelimZoology department Faculty of science, Ain Shams UniversityAleya S. MarzoukZoology department Faculty of science, Ain Shams UniversityAshraf A.M. MontasserZoology department Faculty of science, Ain Shams UniversityJournal Article20181111The ovarian wall of A.persicus consists of primary oocytes of three developmental stages namely , young , previtellogenic and vitellogenic in addition to interstitial cells . After feeding and mating , the three stages and interstitial cells , particularly funicle cells that carry oocytes , markedly increased in size and their cytoplasmic organelles exhibit notable changes correlated with yolk and egg shell formation . The present study examined the hitological and ultrastructural aspects during the formation of yolk and egg shell. The first seem to originate from small vesicles derived from Golgi bodies, rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial cristae. The egg shell seems to develop from vesicles derived from Golgi bodies that fuse with the cell membrane and discharge their content into the extracellular space between basement membrane and tunica propria. Glycogen aggregates and lipid droplets are commonly observed between yolk spheres. The injection of selected dose of ivermectin (400 ug/kg) prevented growth and development of oocytes. The ovary appeared studded with young and previtellogenic primary oocytes surrounding a narrow ovarian lumen or the ovarian wall, carrying oocytes, is stretched around a large fluid filled lumen. Surface microvilli of primary oocytes and coated vesicles underlying them became comparatively fewer. Mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum became fewer, fragmented and finally degenerated in primary oocytes and funicle cells. Ivermectin interfered with the formation of yolk granules and egg shell. However, in the few formed vitellogenic oocytes, Golgi bodies were not affected. The egg shell appeared thinner with low electron density. The cytoplasm of funicle cells became highly vacuolated, its organelles, hardly distinguished and nuclei became swollen without definite nuclear membrane. Ivermectin completely prevented the formation of glycogen particles. Our results suggests that ivermectin causes partial blockage of the release of the vitellogenetic hormone that regulates vitellogenesis and other aspects of oogenesis as indicated by disrupted synthesis and uptake of yolk protein in the developing oocytes.