Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200230120080101Interferon gamma Profile in Egyptian Infants with Respiratory Syncytial Virus bronchiolitis1131764710.21608/ejhm.2008.17647ENMaha E. OmranMicrobiology and Immunology Department Faculty of Pharmacy (for Girls),Mohamed AE . FahmyMedical Biochemistry Department Faculty of MedicineManal M. ZaherPediatric Department Faculty of Medicine (for Girls) - Al-Azhar UniversityJournal Article20181026<span>Viral bronchiolitis is one of the leading causes for hospitalization of infants in the world and causes an estimated one million deaths per year worldwide. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is associated with the majority of cases. During the last few years it has become increasingly clear that T cells contribute to the abnormal regulation of the immune response in viral diseases since these cells are potent producers of a large variety of cytokines. It was reported that cord blood interferon gamma (IFN-</span><span>γ) responses were inversely related to the </span><span>frequency of viral respiratory infections. To ascertain whether RSV infection promotes a different IFN-</span><span>γ profile to that induced by other respiratory infections, thirty</span><span>-two infants with severe bronchiolitis were enrolled in this study. RSV-IgM was detected by immunofluorescent technique in 23/32 patients. Serum IFN-</span><span>γ levels in RSV</span><span>+ </span><span>infants were significantly lower than RSV</span><span>- </span><span>(p < 0.001). In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood cells followed by flow cytometery combined with intracellular cytokine staining revealed that both CD4+ and CD8+ cells contribute in IFN-</span><span>γ production. The percentage of CD4+ cells producing IFN</span><span>-</span><span>γ in RSV</span><span>+ </span><span>was significantly lower (</span><span>P </span><span>< 0.05) than those in RSV</span><span>-</span><span>, while the difference in % of CD8+ between RSV</span><span>+ </span><span>and RSV</span><span>- </span><span>was non significant. Our conclusions are that RSV infection is associated with severe decreased IFN-</span><span>γ responses. Both CD4+ and CD8+ cells contribute in IFN</span><span>-</span><span>γ production </span><span>during RSV bronchiolitis. RSV infection promotes a different IFN-</span><span>γ profile from that induced </span><span>by other respiratory infections. </span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200230120080101Histological study of effects of storage duration and temperature on the rabbits blood cells14241764810.21608/ejhm.2008.17648ENIbrahim K. I. RagabAL-Azhar Faculty of Medicine in AssiutJournal Article20181026<span>Introduction: </span><span>The temperature of the blood and its components during storage or processing is a very important factor affecting hemolysis. During storage, leukocytes break down and release a number of chemicals and enzymes, that have been reported to lysis RBC. With increasing duration of </span><span>storage, </span><span>the change of RBC shape becomes permanent. RBCs from different species behave differently during </span><span>storage</span><span>. So, this study aimed to investigate the histological effects of storage duration and temperature on the rabbit blood cells. </span><br /> <span>Material and Methods: </span><span>Blood samples from five adult male healthy rabbits were divided into (</span><span>Group I) </span><span>stored at 4 </span><span>Ċ for 12 and 48 hours, (</span><span>Group ІІ) </span><span>at a room temperature of about 24 </span><span>Ĉ for 12 and 48 hours and (</span><span>Group ІІІ) </span><span>at </span><span>36 Ċ for 12 and 48 hours. Blood films made and </span><span>stained by Leishman's stain immediately as a </span><span>control group </span><span>(</span><span>A</span><span>), after 12 hours (</span><span>B</span><span>) and after 48 hours (</span><span>C</span><span>) from each group respectively and examined for any morphological changes. Leukocytes counted totally immediately as a </span><span>control group </span><span>(</span><span>A</span><span>), after 12 hours (</span><span>B</span><span>) and after 48 hours (</span><span>C</span><span>) from each group respectively for detection of any histological changes. </span><br /> <span>Results: </span><span>no morphological changes of red blood cells, leukocytes and platelets of group </span><span>І was observed. The changes of mean of total leukocytic counts of group І were non significant. </span><span>Changes in total leukocytic counts and morphology of red blood cells, leukocytes and platelets </span><span>of groups ІІ and ІІІ were observed. The morphological degenerative changes of group ІІ </span><span>involved red blood cells, neutrophils and platelets at 12 and 48 hours. The morphological </span><span>degenerative changes of group ІІІ involved red blood cells and leukocytes at 12 and 48 hours. The mean of total leukocytic counts of group ІІ w</span><span>as significantly decreased at 48 hours while </span><span>the mean of total leukocytic counts of group ІІІ was significantly decreased at 12 and 48 hours. </span><br /> <span>Conclusion: </span><span>blood samples from rabbits should be tested within 12 hours of collection if stored at a room </span><span>temperature of about 24 Ċ. Where testing is to be delayed for more than 12 </span><span>hours, samples should be refrigerated as soon as possible. Exposure of samples to heat in excess </span><span>of 24 Ċ should be avoided at all times. </span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200230120080101Biochemical Studies On The Effect Of Sodium Nitrite And/Or Glutathione Treatment On Male Rats25381765010.21608/ejhm.2008.17650ENEman HelalZoology Dep. Faculty of Sceince, Al-Azhar University (Girls)https://orcid.org/0Al-Kassas, MZoology Dep. Faculty of Sceince, Al-Azhar University (Girls)Abdel Wahed H.Zoology Dep. Faculty of Sceince, Al-Azhar University (Girls)Zahkok SZoology Dep. Faculty of Sceince, Al-Azhar University (Girls),Ghada Z A SolimanNational Nutrition Institute, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181026<span>Introduction: </span><span>Using food preservatives as sodium nitrite are increased in industrial food productions. Teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects have been related to using of some food preservatives. </span>
<span>Purpose: </span><span>To study the effect of sodium nitrite (food additives) and treated with glutathione (nature antitoxic) on rats. </span>
<span>Material And Methods: </span><span>Certain parameters were measured as percentage of body weight change</span><span>, </span><span>body temperature, heart rates, Red & white blood cells count (RBCs & WBCs), hemoglobin (Hb) level, hematocrite (Hct) value, serum total lipids, serum cholesterol, serum total protein, serum albumin, serum glucose, serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase (ALT & AST) activity and serum total cholinesterase. The organs, body weight were detected. Organs were prepared for biochemical analysis. </span>
<span>Results: </span><span>Body weight, respiration rate, hepatosomatic index, RBCs & WBCs count, Hb, Hct, serum total lipids, protein, albumin, A/G ratio, liver and muscle total lipids and cholesterol were significantly reduced while serum cholesterol, kidney total lipids and cholesterol, serum ALT & AST was significantly increased. Supplementation of sodium nitrite to rats had no effect on serum glucose level or cholinesterase activity </span>
<span>Conclusion: </span><span>Due to the hazardous effect of food additives as sodium nitrite, it is recommended that the use of sodium nitrite as food additives must be limited and gluathione has the ability to prevent its toxic effect. </span>
<span>Key Words: </span><span>Glutathione, Rats, Sodium nitrite </span><span>Introduction </span>
<span>Food additives are substances intentionally added to food. They may be natural or synthetic (Harris, 1986). The principal classes of food additives are coloring agents, preservatives, flavors, emulsifiers and stabilizers (Lindsay, 1985). One of the principal preservatives is the nitrite, which used in the form of salts or free acids (HMSO</span><span>1</span><span>, 1987). The use of sodium nitrite as a preservative is common in cooked meat and sausages. Because of the use of more than one type of such food, the percentage of nitrite content of the daily food consumption may be higher than the admissible level (Bilczuk </span><span>et al</span><span>., 1991). Apparently very little nitrites are formed by </span>
<span> </span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200230120080101Diabetes Mellitus and Some Egyptian’s Volatile Oils39501765110.21608/ejhm.2008.17651ENFahmy Gad ElsaidZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, EgyptJournal Article20181026<span>Background: </span><span>Diabetes mellitus as a metabolic disorder is characterized by hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and deflection in protein metabolism. Natural products as a fashion remedy was undertaken and this study was designed to search the role of anise, fennel, thyme volatile oils and </span><span>γ</span><span>-terpinene (a bioactive constituent extracted from caraway and cumin volatile oils) to deal with the biochemical changes in sera, liver and muscle of streptozotcin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. </span>
<span>Material and methods: </span><span>Thirty rats (</span><span>Sprague dawelly) </span><span>were divided into three groups: control group; diabetic group, STZ-induced diabetic rats and diabetic & volatile oils group. The STZ-induced diabetic & volatile oil group was orally administered with different volatile oils by gavage (2 ml/ kg body weight) and subdivided into four subgroups: diabetic & anise; diabetic & fennel; diabetic & thyme and diabetic & </span><span>γ</span><span>- terpinene. </span>
<span>Results: </span><span>There were highly significant increase in sera glucose, total lipids, total cholesterol, and triglycerides in diabetic rats. Liver and muscle malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC), superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-s-transferase activities were remodeling after administration of different volatile oils. Sera insulin, liver glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase, liver and muscle glycogen was highly significantly decreased in diabetic rats. On the other hand, the alleviation in these parameters was highly noticed in the different diabetic & volatile oil subgroups. </span>
<span>Conclusion: </span><span>The counter effects of different volatile oils upon these changes reflect the antihyperglycemia and antioxidant roles of these volatile oils with a different range in STZ- induced diabetic rats. </span>
<span> </span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200230120080101Significant Outcome Of Biliary Anastomosis In Living Related Donor Liver Transplantation51611765210.21608/ejhm.2008.17652ENMohammed HassanDepartment of General Surgery, Cairo UniversityWael L. TobarDepartment of General Surgery, Cairo UniversityAmr AiadDepartment of General Surgery, Cairo UniversityAdel HosnyDepartment of General Surgery, Cairo UniversityMostafa El-ShazlyDepartment of General Surgery, Cairo UniversityAhamed HusseinDepartment of General Surgery, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20181026<span>Variations in the anatomy of the intrahepatic bile ducts have long been recognized. Serious consideration of the surgical anatomy of the liver began, however, with the advent of minimally invasive therapeutic intervention for bile duct or hepatic resection, or partial liver transplantation. Thus, accurate knowledge of the anatomy of IHDs is critical. 30 cases were included in this study. Right lobe donation in 27 cases and left lobe donation in 3 cases. The main indication for transplantation was end stage liver disease: hepatitis C end stage liver cirrhosis in 29 cases, while hepatocellular carcinoma on top of liver cirrhosis was the remaining case. Pretransplantation preparation of both donors and recipients was done.No mortality was reported to either any of the donors or the recipients. Postoperative donor biliary complications occurred in 1 case and conservative treatment was followed with complete resolution of the condition .Postoperative recipient biliary complicatioins occurred in eleven cases in the form of biloma, biliary leakage, biliary stricture, cholangitis and peritonitis, six of them with two ducts anastomosis. They were managed and cured without residual pathology. </span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200230120080101Alpha-fetoprotein as a differential marker between bladder cancer and Schistosomiasis among Egyptian patients62691765310.21608/ejhm.2008.17653ENMaghraby A.STherapeutic Chemistry Department National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo. Infectious Diseases and Immunology group, Center of Excellence for Advanced StudiesSamia A. AhmedTherapeutic Chemistry Department National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo.Ayman M. MetwallyTechnology of Medical Laboratory Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Misr University For Science and Technology, 6th of October, EgypKhalid HNational Cancer Institute, CairoJournal Article20181026<span>Introduction</span><span>: Schistosomiasis is considered as a widespread problem that affects Egyptians at different ages (WHO, 1993). It is well known that the high incidence of bladder carcinoma in schistosomal patients also represents a great risk to Egyptian society. </span>
<span>Objective</span><span>: This study represents a survey on the changes which took place in Alpha- Fetoprotein (AFP) levels as a differential marker among Egyptian patients suffering from urinary bilharzial infection and bladder cancer. </span>
<span>Methodology</span><span>: A partial study was carried out on four post-operative patients and followed up for sixty three days after chemotherapeutic treatment using immunoenzymatic mediated assay. </span>
<span>Results</span><span>: It was found that bladder cancer leads to obvious significant increase in AFP levels, while schistosomal infection causes a non-significant decrease as compared to healthy control. Although the combination between schistosomal infection and cancer leads to a significant decrease in AFP level compared to non bilharzial cancer cases, there was no significant correlation with healthy cases. </span>
<span>Conclusion</span><span>: It should be pointed out that the somewhat constant level of AFP in the sera of all patients was due to chemotherapeutic treatment. Also, it can be noticed that there is a significant positive correlation with progress of cancer grades. </span>
<span> </span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200230120080101The Treatment Of Onychomycosis By Oral Terbinafine: The Efficacy And Adverse Evevn70771765410.21608/ejhm.2008.17654ENH. M. HassanDepartments of Dermatology & Venereology Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityA.M. OsmanMicrobiology & Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityE. A. El-MoselhyCommunity Medicine** Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityJournal Article20181026<span>Onychomycosis contributes to approximately half of all nail disorders and appears to be increasing in frequency. The main aim of this study was to access efficacy and adverse events of oral terbinafine in the treatment of adult patients with onychomycosis of the fingernails and toenails. Forty patients with onychomycosis, aged 22-48 years were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups; group I, consisted of 20 patients with fingernail onychomycosis and group II, 20 patients with toenail onychomycosis. The two groups (I-II) of patients were received, freely, oral terbinafine in a dose of 250 mg/day for 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. The patients were examined clinically and mycologically before start of the treatment, at end of the treatment and after a follow up period of 18 weeks from the treatment in both groups. The results of the study showed marked clinical (75.0%) and mycological (85.0%) cure rates in the total patient group. The clinical and mycological cure rates in group I were 80.0% and 90.0%, respectively. While, in group II the clinical and mycological cure rates were 70.0% and 80.0%, respectively. Also, 17.5% of the total patient group had adverse events, 71.4% of these events were mild and 42.9% were drug related. Lastly, complete cure rate at follow up at 18 weeks from the treatment was 87.5% of the total patients group. It could be concluded that terbinafine appears to be safe and effective in the treatment of fungal infections of the fingernails and toenails. </span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200230120080101Biochemical, Histological And Histochemical Studies On The Effect Of Sodium Barbital On The Renal Tissue Of Albino Mice78891765510.21608/ejhm.2008.17655ENSamia M. SakrDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams UniversityShadia Ali RadwanDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams UniversityAziza M. El WessemyDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams UniversitySamira E El-HarrasHigh Institution of Applied Arts, 6th October City, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20181026<span>Introduction:</span><span>Anaesthetic drugs are nowadays used on a large scale in surgical operations as well as in other various medical purposes. Sodium barbital is a derivative of barbituric acid and is widely used on short surgical operations and other various medication. However, such anaesthetic drug has been reported to evoke many serious alterations as a result of its application. </span>
<span>Materials and Methods:</span><span>The experimental animals (30 mice-weighing 25-30 g) were divided into 3 groups (10/group), the first group served as a control group (i.e. injection with saline), while the other two groups were treated daily with the therapeutic dose of 60 mg/kg.b.wt sodium barbital (i.p.) for 7 days (short-term group) and 21 days (long-term group) as repeated daily doses. Blood sera and kidney samples were collected for physiological, histological and histochemical studies. </span>
<span>Results:</span><span>The results obtained showed a significant increase in urea, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and creatinine levels in all treated groups. On the other hand serum total protein and albumin levels showed a significant decrease in both treated groups, while the globulin showed a significant decrease only in the long term group. The applied dose of sodium barbital caused histophathological alterations in the renal tissue mainly in the cortex such as damage and shrinkage of the Malpighian corpuscles, cloudy swelling and necrosis of the cells of the proximal convoluted tubules. Also, distal convoluted tubules exhibited degenerated features. In the histochemical studies, polysaccharides were progressively reduced in both short and long- term groups, while the total proteins showed a reduction in the short term group and considerably increase in the long term group. </span>
<span>Conclusion: </span><span>So these results came to conclusion that barbiturates should be prohibited and carefully used specially when prescribed as tranquilizer. </span>
<span> </span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200230120080101Risk Factors And Quality Of Life Of Adult Patients With Chronic Voice Disorders901031765610.21608/ejhm.2008.17656ENE. A. El-MoselhyDepartments of Community MedicineY. A. BarkaDepartments of Community MedicineE. S. Abd-AllahCommunity Health Nursing Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Al-Azhar and Zagazig UniversityT. S. AlshorbagyOto-Rhino-Laryngology Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Al-Azhar and Zagazig UniversityM. M. El-SawyOto-Rhino-Laryngology Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Al-Azhar and Zagazig UniversityT. M. FarghalyOto-Rhino-Laryngology Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Al-Azhar and Zagazig UniversityJournal Article20181026<span>The aim of the present research is to determine the common causes of chronic voice disorders, to determine the sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors for patients with chronic voice disorders and to study the QOL of them. The ORL Outpatient Clinics, Al-Azhar University hospitals were chosen to carry out this study. A total of 495 patients with chronic voice disorders and a control group of the same number were enrolled in the study. A case- control, hospital based study design was used. The most common causes of chronic voice disorders among these patients were chronic laryngitis (35.6%), vocal fold nodules (22.6%), functional dysphonia (18.6%) and vocal fold polyps (13.5%). The 25-44 years age group, low social class, sale man occupation, urban residence and female gender were the most important significant sociodemographic risk factors for patients with chronic voice disorders (ORs= 4.17, 2.01, 1.71, 1.60 and 1.32, respectively). The +ve reflux symptoms index, voice abuse and smoking were an important significant clinical risk factors (ORs=16.94, 8.33 and 6.01, respectively). Also, patients with chronic voice disorders had a significantly poorer self-reported health related domain scores than the controls on all eight SF-36 domains (P=0.00). Moreover, patients with chronic voice disorders due to different laryngeal diseases had a significantly poorer self-reported health related domain scores than the controls on all eight SF-36 domains except in the miscellaneous diseases group. </span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200230120080101Antimutagenic Activity of Some Natural supplements on Ivermectin ge- notoxicity in Lymphocytes of Buffalo1151251765710.21608/ejhm.2008.17657ENAida I. El-makawyCell Biology Department, National Research Center, 12622 Dokki, Giza, EgyptKarima F. MahrousCell Biology Department, National Research Center, 12622 Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181026<span> </span>
<span>Ivermectin is a veterinary anthelminthic drug, highly effective against a number of arthropod and nematode infestations in vertebrates. The literature reported that ivermectin have mutagenic activities. The extensive use of ivermectin in food producing animals can cause potential hazard to humanity by causing gene mutation or chromosomal aberrations. Recently, there have been con- siderable efforts to search for naturally occurring substances that can inhibit, reverse, retard or pre- vent mutagenicity. A wide array of substances derived from edibles and medicinal plants reported to possess anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic activities</span><span>. </span><span>Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the modulator role of each of garlic, L-carnitine and wheat germ oil (WGO) against geno- toxicity of ivermectin in buffalo lymphocyte cultures by using the cytokinesis block micronucleus assay and chromosomal aberrations test as cytogenetic end-points</span><span>. </span><span>Results showed that ivermectin induced dose dependent increase in the frequencies of the binucleated lymphocytes with micronuc- lei as well as the number of micronuclei in lymphocytes of river buffalo, while the number of bi- nucleated lymphocytes significantly decreased. In addition, ivermectin low dose caused non- significant increase in the frequency of total chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes of river buf- falo as compared to control. Whereas, in medium and high doses the frequencies of aberrant cells increased at a significant level </span><span>(P ≤ </span><span>0</span><span>.</span><span>001) than control. Meanwhile, the treatment with the three natural supplements (garlic, L-carnitine, wheat germ oil) in continuous with ivermectin significant- ly reduced the frequencies of binucleated lymphocytes with micronuclei, the number of micronuc- lei and the frequencies of total chromosomal aberrations induced by ivermectin tested doses, and increase the number of binucleated lymphocytes. In addition, the results indicated that there were non-significant differences between the modulator role of garlic, L-carnitine or wheat germ oil against the mutagenicity of ivermectin in blood lymphocytes. Finally, we can concluded that regu- lar consumption of natural antioxidants, antimutagenic compounds is inversely related to the risk of cancer, since the free radicals scavenger activities of antioxidants are very important due to the de- leterious role of free radicals in foods and in biological systems.<br /> </span><span><br /></span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200230120080101Application Of Prolene Hernia System For Umbilical Hernia In Patients With Mild To Moderate Ascites1261321765810.21608/ejhm.2008.17658ENMohamed HassanDepartment of general surgery Cairo University.Mohamed SalahDepartment of tropical medicine, Cairo University.Journal Article20181026<span>Background</span><span>: In 1998, the Prolene Hernia System (PHS) mesh, consisting of an onlay and an underlay patch attached with a connector, was introduced as an option for tension-free open repair of inguinal hernias combining the benefits of a posterior and anterior repair from an open approach. </span>
<span>Our objective </span><span>was to evaluate the PHS mesh repair of umbilical hernia in ascetics with liver cirrhosis. </span>
<span>Patients and methods</span><span>: non randomized prospective study included 24 cases with mild or moderate ascites , cirrhotics, with small umbilical hernia were subjected to elective repair using prolene hernia system(PHS) under local anathesia, patients were followed up for one and half years</span><span>. </span>
<span>Results</span><span>: no mortality, one case of bleeding varices after 9 months respond to injection, transient ascetic leak in 6 cases, one case of wound infection respond to antibiotics and dressing and no hernia recurrence. </span>
<span>Conclusion</span><span>: Prolene hernia system is easily applicable and effective method for repair of umbilical hernia with ascites. </span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200230120080101Pentoxifylline As A Radioprotector Against Certain Biochemical And Metal Disorders Of Whole Body Gamma Irradiation In Rats1331441765910.21608/ejhm.2008.17659ENEsmat A. ShabanDepartment of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo (Egypt)Asrar M. HawasDepartment of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo (Egypt)Journal Article20181026<span>Introduction </span><span>:- </span><span>The effect of whole body gamma irradiation at 6.5 Gy dose level on some biochemical indices and metal levels has been investigated in albino rats. </span>
<span>Material And Method:- </span><span>These included the determination of lipid peroxidation and metallothionein (MT) in liver and kidney. Iron, copper and zinc were measured in liver, kidney spleen and intestine. Also the P</span><span>50 </span><span>of survival was determined in rats. </span>
<span>Results:- </span><span>For the control of these radiation-induced disorders, the radioprotective character of pentoxifylline has been evalu</span><span>ated. Acute γ</span><span>-radiation-induced disturbances in trace metals levels in some organs were studied; specially Fe concentrations which were significantly </span><span>increased (p≤0.05) in liver, spleen and intestine. Also γ</span><span>-radiation-induced increase in malonaldehyde (MDA) levels as lipid peroxidation indicator and decrease metallothionein (MT)-induction as antioxidant defense induced in the cell. Pre-treatment with pentoxifylline was </span><span>not effective against the changes produced by acute γ</span><span>-radiation on metals studied, lipid peroxidation process and MT-induction. While post treatment showed positive effect on liver iron and metallothionein levels in liver and kidney. </span>
<span> </span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200230120080101Helicobacter pylori (H.p.) Infection: A possible cause of Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (Prevalence and Effectiveness of Eradication)1451501766010.21608/ejhm.2008.17660ENAmer Abu El – EninDepartments of Dermatology and VenereologyAbd El-Wahab FatheEndemic diseases Faculty of Medicine- Al-Azhar University.Mohamed KhedrClinical pathology Faculty of Medicine- Al-Azhar UniversityAlaa Abu El-AtaMicrobiology Faculty of Medicine- Al-Azhar University.Journal Article20181026<span>Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is one of the most frequent skin diseases with an incidence ranging from 1.2% to 23% , however its causes remains unknown in the vast majority of cases. A possible relationship between chronic urticaria and Helicobacter pylori (H.p.) has been recently suggested. </span>
<span>The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori(H.P.) infection in patients with C.I.U. and to investigates the effectiveness of eradication therapy of (H.p.) infection on this skin disease. </span>
<span>100 patients (40 males and 60 females) with C.I.U as well as 45 apparently healthy (age, sex, matched controls) were enrolled in this study underwent serological testing for H.pylori infection with the 13C </span><span>–</span><span>urea test as well as by specific IgG antibodies against the H. pylori (ELISA technique). Positive patients were treated with, Omeprazole </span><span>– </span><span>Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin for 10 days. Eradication and clinical course were followed up two months after the treatment in comparison to the negative cases as a control group. The clinical evaluation and follow up were demonstrated as worse,. same, less and disappearance of flares. </span>
<span>In our results there was significant difference in the sero prevalence of H.pylori infection between idiopathic chronic urticaria patients and healthy subjects. H.pylori was detected in 75% of patients and 20% of controls. Out of 75 patients treated , only 24 showed complete remission of their urticaria after successfully eradicating H.pylori infection ,the others only having some improvement in their symptoms. </span>
<span>The mean lgG titer was 86.8 + 42.4 among patients group, where it was 16.+ 42.8 among the control group (p< 0.05) . </span>
<span>After treating the positive patients with appropriate antibiotics for 10 days there are a significant decrease of H.P. specific lgG as compared to the negative cases and also bacterium eradication is associated with a remission of urticarial symptoms. as compared to the negative cases. In conclusion, Helicobacter pylori affects a high percentage of patients with idiopathic chronic urticaria and bacterium eradication was associated with a remission of urticarial symptoms suggesting a possible role of H. pylori in the pathogeneses of this skin disorder. </span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200230120080101Compliance with Universal Precautions Among Nurses and Laboratory Technicians in Mansoura International Specialized Hospital1511641766110.21608/ejhm.2008.17661ENSahar Mamoud Sayed AhmedDepartment of Community Health Nursing Faculty of Nursing, Zagazig UniversitySalwa Abbas Aly HassanDepartment of Community Health Nursing Faculty of Nursing, Zagazig UniversityEman Shokry Abd AllahDepartment of Community Health Nursing Faculty of Nursing, Zagazig UniversityJournal Article20181026<span>Compliance with universal precautions by nurses and laboratory technicians in hospitals is very important because it prevent cross infection and decrease costs of antibiotics and antipyretics. Also, it decreases spread of infection, which leads to decrease morbidity and mortality rate. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used for conducting this study. The sample of the study consisted of 150 nurses and lab technicians working at morning shift in a hospital at Mansoura City, Dakahlia Governorate. Data were collected using a questionnaire sheet and an observation checklist. The study revealed that majority (86.66%) of the studied sample of nurses and lab technicians aged less than 30 years. Also, majority of the studied sample have poor knowledge about sign and symptom and transmission of AIDS. In addition, about 94% of the studied samples have poor knowledge about signs, symptoms and mode of transmissions of hepatitis B and C virus infection. All of the studied sample reported that there are no eye protections in the hospital. Positive correlations between nurses' and lab technicians' practice and available supplies in the hospital were found, but the relations were not statistically significant. The exception was the item of the infection prevention ways which has a significant statistical relation. Also, positive correlations between lab technicians' and nurses' practice and their attending for training courses about infection control were found, but the relations were not statistically significant. </span>