Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200220120050701Serum level of Matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.171808810.21608/ejhm.2005.18088ENGhada A. Abd El-AzizDepartments of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine for girls Al-Azhar universityHanan M.A. DarwishDepartments of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine for girls Al-Azhar universityAmal A. MorsyClinical pathology Faculty of Medicine for girls Al-Azhar universitySabila Gomma MousaGeneral Medicine Faculty of Medicine for girls Al-Azhar universityJournal Article20181031<span>Background: </span><span>Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was involved in inflammation and immune system dysfunctions. Beside immunologic abnormalities, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) also presents chronic inflammatory components. Therefore, a role of MMP-9 in SLE pathology might be supposed. </span>
<span>Objective</span><span>: To investigate the level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and to determine its value in monitoring disease activity. </span>
<span>Patients and methods</span><span>: Twenty five SLE female patients were included in this study. Ten healthy females where selected as controls. The activity of SLE was evaluated according to SLAM scoring. Using quantitative ELISA Kit provided from R & D system INC. USA, to quantitate the total levels of MMP-9 . These levels were then compared and correlated with the ANA, anti-ds-DNA, lupus nephritis, Raynaud phenomenon, malar rash, photosensitivity, alopecia, and mucosal ulcers. </span>
<span>Results</span><span>: serum of MMP-9 were found to be significantly higher (P<0.01), in SLE patients compared to the control group. Serum MMP-9 show statistical significant correlation with anti- ds DNA, Lupus nephritis, Raynaud phenomenon, malar rash and photosensitivity and it did not- show any statistical significant correlation with ANA, alopecia and mucosal ulcers </span>
<span>Conclusion </span><span>: The data suggest that MMP-9 could be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE, </span>
<span>and serum MMP-9 can be used as marker progression and amelioration in SLE. </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18088_128b93828258c20f134d0b08de9e724f.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200220120050701Relation of serum leptin level to hypertensive retinopathy8151808910.21608/ejhm.2005.18089ENHoda Abd El-Baset MohamedGeneral Medicine DepartmentSawsan Abd El-Sabour ShalabyOphthalmology DepartmentAmal Abdel-Aleem MorsyClinical Pathology DepartmentsJournal Article20181031<span>Leptin plays a promoting role in angiogenesis and the vascular endothelium express the long form of leptin receptor, therefore, the aim of the work was to assess the plasma level of leptin in hypertensive patients and to evaluate the relationship between its concentration and hypertension. and hypertensive retinopathy, also to assess its relation to body mass index.<br /> This study was carried out on 50 patients with essential hypertension and 25 normal healthy, age and sex matched control subjects. Patients with essential hypertension were classified into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of retinopathy, 25 patients without hypertensive retinopathy (Group II a) and 25 patients with hypertensive retinopathy (Group II b). </span>
<span>The study showed significantly very higher serum leptin in group II and its subgroups ( II a and II b) compared to those of the control (Group I), despite no significant difference was detected between the three groups (group I ,II a and II b) regarding age, sex and body mass index. Also no significant deference was detected between hypertensive group without retinopathy and hypertensive retinopathy group as regard mean blood pressure. </span>
<span>Positive correlation between serum leptin level and mean blood pressure among all groups was found. Also positive correlation between serum leptin level and body mass index (BMI) among all groups. </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18089_68f9a20c101650e5c9930770fe7654c9.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200220120050701The pathogenesis of cytokines in preportal fibrosis of human infected with schistosomiasis and viral hepatitis16281809010.21608/ejhm.2005.18090ENAbdel Atty M. ElgonimyDepartment of Surgery Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al- Azhar universitySuzan M. FaroukClinical Pathology Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al- Azhar universityEman Abdel RahmanBenha Teaching Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al- Azhar universityJournal Article20181031<span>Cytokines are polypeptides exhibiting a variety of biological activities including metabolic, inflammatory, hematopoietic and immunologic properties.They play an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. </span>
<span>Inflammation is commonly observed in liver diseases and is frequently complicated by fibrosis and cirrhosis in end-stage disease. The only curative treatment for cirrhotic patients is liver transplantation. </span>
<span>Cytokines play a key role in the regulation of immune responses. In viral hepatitis the production of inappropriate cytokine level appears to contribute to viral persistence and to affect response to therapy. The aim of this study is to investigate the level of endogenous IL-1B, IL-6 and IL-10 to determine their relation with liver fibrosis. Forty patients with chronic liver disease and 10 normal adults as control group were studied. </span>
<span>Patients in this study were classified into four groups according to etiology of chronic liver disease: </span><span>Group I </span><span>(10 patients with bilharzial liver disease),</span><span>Group II </span><span>(10 patients with chronic hepatitisC), </span><span>Group III</span><span>(10 patients with chronic hepatitisB )and </span><span>Group IV </span><span>(10 patients with chronic hepatitis B and C) . </span>
<span>All patients with chronic liver disease (n=40) showed highly significant elevation of serum IL-1B, IL-6, IL-10 mean ± SD were (106.4±47.8) (P<0.01) (26.3 ±11.1) (P<0.01) (135.4± 73.9) (P<0.01) respectively when compared to control group. After classifying the patients into 4 groups each group showed highly significant elevation of serum IL-1B, serum IL-6 and serum IL-10 in each group when compared to control group( p < 5051). </span>
<span>Regression analysis showed negative significant correlation between serum IL-10 and IL- 1B (r=-0.64, P<0.05), highly negative significant correlation between IL-10 and IL-6 (r=-0.72, P<0.01) in all patients with chronic liver diseases, also there was highly significant positive correlation between serum IL-1B and serum IL-6 (r=0.83, P<0.01). </span>
<span>Ten patients with bilharzial liver disease (group I) showed highly negative significant correlation between serum IL-10 and each of serum IL-1B and serum IL-6 (r=-0.9, P<0.01) (r=- 0.8, P<0.01) respectively, and there was highly significant positive correlation between serum IL-1B and serum IL-6 (r=0.96, P<0.01) .There was significant correlation between prothrombin concentration and each of serum IL-10, serum IL-1B and IL-6 (r=0.7, P<0.05), (r=0.68, P<0.05), (r=0.74, P<0.05) respectively. </span>
<span>Ten patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (group II) also showed highly negative significant correlation between serum IL-10 and each of serum IL-1B and serum IL-6 (r=-0.9, P<0.01) (r=-0.9, P<0.01) respectively. There was highly significant positive correlation between serum IL-1B and serum IL-6 (r=0.83, P<0.01) and significant correlation between serum IL-1B and serum ALT(r=0.63, P<0.05). </span>
<span>As regard (group III) patients with chronic hepatitis B virus there was negative significant correlation between serum IL-10 and IL-1B (r=-0.63, P<0.05), but no significant correlation between serum IL-10 and serum IL-6 and there was highly positive correlation between serum IL-1B and serum IL-6 (r=0.90, P<0.01). </span>
<span>Ten patients with chronic hepatitis C&B virus (group VI) showed highly negative significant correlation between serum IL-10 and each of serum IL-1B and serum IL-6 (r=-0.82, P<0.01) (r=-0.80, P<0.01) respectively. There was highly significant positive correlation between serum IL-1B and serum IL-6 (r=0.88, P<0.01) and significant correlation between serum IL-1B and serum ALT(r=0.63, P<0.05), and prothrombin concentration (r=0.67, P<0.05). </span>
<span>A significant correlation between the level of serum IL-1B, IL-6, and serum IL-10 and degree of fibrosis was found. The increase in serum level of IL-1B, IL-6 was associated with increase the degree of fibrosis but the mild and moderate fibrosis were associated with higher level of IL-10 while patients with marked degree of fibrosis were associated with lower level of IL-10. </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18090_238de33874f83c0b097ad02713ba98bd.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200220120050701Hypoglycemic Effect Of Concomitant Administration Of Erythromycin And Tolbutamide In Alloxan-Induced Diabetes In Rats29371809110.21608/ejhm.2005.18091ENAmr, A.H. Rostomdepartments of Pharmacology, Faculties of Medicine, (Cairo), Al-Azhar UniversityAl Sayed, A. Zakidepartments of Pharmacology, Faculties of Medicine, (Cairo), Al-Azhar UniversityMohammed, H. El BakryDepartments of Pharmacology, Faculties of Medicine, ( Asuit), Al-Azhar UniversityJournal Article20181031<span>Erythromycin is among the antibiotics that have widespread use for treatment of community and hospital-acquired infections. Although uncommon, hypoglycemia has been reported with erythromycin and appears to occur most frequently in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are receiving therapy with oral hypoglycemics. The present study was designed to explore the potential effects of erythromycin on glucose metabolism in experimental animals </span>
<span>In the present work, alloxan was used to induce diabetes in a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally, in rats. The blood glucose level after alloxan was measured. Tolbutamide lowered blood glucose level in normal and hyperglycemic rats. Erythromycin produced lowering of blood glucose level in non diabetic rats and also, significantly potentiated the hypoglycemic action of tolbutamide in diabetic rats.<br /> </span><span><br /></span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18091_b256db6cf0e4a83aa36540676d01886c.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200220120050701Effect Of Boswellia Carterii Birdw On Carbohydrate Metabolism In Diabetic Male Albino Rats38451809210.21608/ejhm.2005.18092ENEman G. E. HelalDepartments of Zoology –Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University.Ashraf M. MostafaHistology Faculty of Medicine Al-Azhar University.Fawzy A. AshourPhysiology Faculty of Medicine Al-Azhar University.Anwaar A. KahwashDepartments of Zoology –Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University.Journal Article20181031<span>In the current study, thirty male adult albino rats were used to investigate the effect of Boswellia Carterii Birdw (BCB) on carbohydrate metabolism in alloxan-induced diabetes. Rats were divided into three equal groups, control, diabetic non treated and diabetic BCB treated groups. After thirty days of treatment five rats of each group were sacrificed and the others were left without any additional treatment for another 15 days (recovery period) then were sacrificed. The body weight of each rat was determined at the beginning and the end of each period. Blood glucose, serum insulin and liver glycogen were determined for each rat at the end of each period. It was noticed that B.C.B treatment led to a significant improve in the decreased body weight, hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, decreased liver glycogen caused by alloxan. And this improvement was also seen after the recovery period. </span>
<span>B.C.B treatment led also to marked improvement in the histopathological degenerative changes in the </span><span>β </span><span>cells of islets of Langerhans caused by alloxan after both the treated and recovery periods. </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18092_1e86bfeec476c2c34e4fc51528f2a2ac.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200220120050701Interleukin-10, Interleukin- 16 and Interferon-γ in serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and correlation with disease activity46571809310.21608/ejhm.2005.18093ENEman.M. Abdel RahmanClinical pathology& Internal Medicine Departments, Faculty of Medicine for girls, Al Azhar UniversityHamdia. EzzatClinical pathology& Internal Medicine Departments, Faculty of Medicine for girls, Al Azhar UniversityMaha M Abdel MohsenClinical pathology& Internal Medicine Departments, Faculty of Medicine for girls, Al Azhar UniversityKarema YosefClinical pathology& Internal Medicine Departments, Faculty of Medicine for girls, Al Azhar UniversityJournal Article20181031<span>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. The rheumatoid synovium is characterized by infiltration of T cells, macrophage, B cells, and proliferating fibroblasts which aggressively invade cartilage and bone, thus destroying joints' ability to function. </span>
<span>In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) both an imbalance between excessive production of the proinflamatory and ant-inflammatory cytokines and skewing of the T cell to a T helper like response. </span>
<span>Cytokines have been shown to play a modulatory role in the pathogenesis of RA. The imunoregulatory cytokine IL-10 increases autoantibody production by B cell stimulates its survival, proliferation and differentiation. Moreover IL-10 inhibits the generation of proinflamatory cytokines and proliferation of T helper lymphocyte. </span>
<span>Interleukin 16 might play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in RA. It has a proinflammatory properties by promoting recruitment of T cells into the rheumatoid synovium. Also IFN-</span><span>γ is of interest because of the role it plays in the initiation and perpetuation </span><span>of T helper cell . </span>
<span>Serum level of IL-10, IL-16, and IFN-</span><span>γ were determined in patients with </span><span>rheumatoid arthritis in relation to disease activity. </span>
<span>All patients with RA (n=30) showed highly significant increase in ESR, CRP, IL-10, IL- 16, IFN</span><span>γ </span><span>compared to control group (p<0.01). </span>
<span>Positive correlation were found between IL-10 and each IL-16 and IFN-</span><span>γ </span><span>(p<0.001) (r=0.63, 0.55) respectively, and highly significant correlation between IL-</span><span>16 and IFNγ </span><span>(p<0.001) (r=0.89)were determined. </span>
<span>Results showed positive correlation between ESR and each IL-10, IL-16, IFN</span><span>γ </span><span>(p<0.001) (r=0.67, 0.87, 0.75) respectively. And highly significant correlation between CRP and each IL- 10, IL-16, IFN</span><span>γ </span><span>(p<0.001) (r=0.0.71, 0.83, 0.73) which indicate relation between increase level of cytokine with disease activity. </span>
<span>These data suggest that there is increased production of IL-10, IL-16, and IFN-</span><span>γ in </span><span>patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and that it is correlated with the disease activity. These </span>
<span>cytokines are interesting for further research inflammatory disease. </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18093_e4eee9aeafd9e2d86ba0bb4cdc5ca901.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200220120050701Effect of Licorice on Wound Healing In Rabbits58651809410.21608/ejhm.2005.18094ENAlsayed, A. ZakiDepartments of Pharmacology, Faculties of Medicine Cairo Branche, Al-Azhar UniversityMohammed, H. El-BakryDepartments of Pharmacology, Faculties of Medicine Assiut Branche, Al-Azhar UniversityAlaa, A. FahmyDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine,
Ain Shams University , Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181031<span>Licorice (</span><span>Glycyrrhiza glabra</span><span>) is one of the most widely used medicinal plants and is included in numerous traditional and modern medical preparations. In the present study the healing effect of licorice extract was investigated on open skin wounds in rabbits. Adult Newzeland rabbits of both sexes weighing 1.5 - 2.5 kg were used. Hairs of lower back and left flank of animal were shaved. Full-thickness wound (15x15 mm) was made on the shaved area. Hydroalcoholic extract of licorice was prepared by maceration method. Creams of 5%, 10% and 15% (w/w) extract in eucerin base were prepared and applied 2 times daily. Dexpanthenol ointment was used as standard control. Healing was determined by reduction in wound area. The results of this study proved that licorice cream of 10% was a potent healing agent even better than dexpanthenol cream. </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18094_77292c48c2e906535c0b0baf8e6ca41b.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200220120050701Epidemiological Study Of The Childhood Disabilities: A Household Survey In Four Egyptian Governorates66821809510.21608/ejhm.2005.18095ENE. A. El-MoselhyDepartments of Community and Industrial Medicine; Community Health NursingR. M. El-AzabDepartments of Community and Industrial Medicine; Community Health NursingH. O. KhalifaDepartments of Community and Industrial Medicine; Community Health NursingE. S. Abd-AllahDepartments of Community and Industrial Medicine; Community Health NursingA. M. EbrahimPaychiatry department Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Al-Azhar and Zagazig UniversityH. M. El-MasryPaediatrics department Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Al-Azhar and Zagazig UniversityT. S. El-ShorbgyENT Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Al-Azhar and Zagazig UniversityH. S. Abo Seif Abo SeifOphthalmology
Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Al-Azhar and Zagazig UniversityJournal Article20181031<span>This study was conducted on 1403 children from four Egyptian governorates. These governorates were; Alexandria, Al-Behira, Cairo and Al-Giza. The aim of the study was to define </span><span>different types of the childhood disabilities, to find out their prevalence’s in the selected </span><span>governorates in Egypt, to define their distribution and to define their risk factors. A cross- sectional study design was chosen to investigate the current research problem. All the children </span><span>had undergone complete physical examinations. Also, children’s parents were intervi</span><span>ewed. There were specific inclusions criteria have been considered to include the child as a case in the study. The overall prevalence of the childhood disabilities in these governorates was 8.8%. The most common prevalent childhood disabilities were; visual, speech and hearing (4.5%, 2.1% and 1.9%, respectively). While, the most common prevalent risk factors were mother delivered at home and/or not received antenatal care (7.2% and 6.3%, respectively). Positive consanguinity and baby not strictly received vaccination were the most important risk factors, odds ratio = 3.81 and 3.31, respectively. While, only positive consanguinity was significantly correlated with all types of the childhood disabilities. Furthermore, positive consanguinity had the highest correlation with all types of the childhood disabilities. Also, childhood disabilities tend to be common among males (57.6%) and of congenital aetiology (61.8%). The main source of habilitation was the private centers (79.2%). </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18095_ffa21089fe16a80a59fd8e200cb0ec56.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200220120050701Biochemical Effects Of Ribavirin (Antiviral) And Ddb (Hepato Protective) Drugs In Albino Rats83931809610.21608/ejhm.2005.18096ENSoliman S. IbrahimZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig UniversityAmr ShalabyZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig UniversityMahmoud RabehZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig UniversityJournal Article20181031<span>The present investigation has been designed to through spot light on the efficiency of these two drugs in treatment of hepatitis patients. </span>
<span>Cortisol, antigliadin (1gG) , total protein (TP) albumin (ALB) , Iron (Fe) , alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , aspartic aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined in serum of normal mature male and female albino rats that injected intraperitoneally day after day with 1mg/kg body weight of each drug separately for 3 months. The cortisol level and ALP showed significant increase in each of ribavirin or DDB treated animals, while the IgG concentration in ribavirin treated animals increased significantly, but it is did not vary greatly from that of the control in DDB treated animals. </span>
<span>On the other hand both ribavirin and DDB treated male and female rats showed significant decrease in the ALT in serum while serum AST elicited non significant decrease in each of ribavirin and DDB treated male and female. With respect to serum TP and ALB levels the result showed significant decrease in ribavirin and non significant decrease in DDB treated male and female rats. Furthermore, the serum Fe level in ribavirin treated male and female rats increased significantly but it is did not vary greatly from that of the control in DDB treated animal. </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18096_3905c6896f311871af8d29e015700602.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200220120050701Inheritance Of Dark Head And Siphon In The Larvae Of Culex Quinqefasciatus Say94991809710.21608/ejhm.2005.18097ENBadiaُ A M. Al-chalabiDepartment of Environment – Public Health Faculty – Garyounis University, LibyaIbrahim A. GhaweelDepartment of Environment – Public Health Faculty – Garyounis University, LibyaJournal Article20181031<span>A new spontaneous mutation (dh) is described for </span><span>Culex quinquefasciatus </span><span>Say . This phenotype was observed in the second generation to cause complete coloration of the head capsule and the siphon of the larvae . This character is mainly detectable in the larval stage and slightly in the adult stage . </span>
<span>The reciprocal mass matings between mutants from F2 generation and normal wild type sibs , revealed that the mode of inheritance can be controlled by an autosomal recessive gene (s) This happened for both sexes with slightly variability in their expression . No significant larval mortalities were found in all the crosses . </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18097_8253c7c999a72db86d25970087810692.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200220120050701Hepatic Hypertransaminasaemia of unknown Etiology Aclinico-pathological study1001111809810.21608/ejhm.2005.18098ENEl Sayed El-Meghawry El SayedDepartment of Internal Medicine Al Azhar- Faculty of Medicine (Damietta & Cairo)Hany Abu ZeidDepartment of Internal Medicine Al Azhar- Faculty of Medicine (Damietta & Cairo)Salah Mohamed KorayemDepartment of I Radiology Al Azhar- Faculty of Medicine (Damietta & Cairo)Hazem Hassan El KhaleegyDepartment of clinical pathology. Al Azhar- Faculty of Medicine (Damietta & Cairo)Journal Article20181031<span>Hepatic aminotransferases are sensitive indicators of liver cell injury. In some patients with persistent elevation of such enzymes; routine clinical, laboratory and serological data cannot establish the underlying causes. </span>
<span>This study was designed to evaluate such patients both clinically and pathologically as a trial to reach the underlying etiology. </span>
<span>Thirty patients with hepatic hypertransaminasaemia of unknown cause (18 females & 12 males), aged 18-50 years (mean age 37.7</span><span> </span><span>4.6 years), together with ten controls (5 males & 5 females) [matched in age and body mass index with patients]; were included in this study. Both patients and controls were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination, estimation of blood glucose and lipid profile, liver function tests, serum iron & ferrtin estimation, hepatitis viral markers (HBs Ag HCV-Ab), anti Epstien Barr (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies, abdominal ultrasonography (U/S)and needle liver biopsy (done only for 15 patients who approved undergoing it. </span>
<span>The study revealed that 18 patients had non alcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD (bright liver on U/S), eleven patients out of them underwent liver biopsy that showed simple hepatic steatosis in four of them and non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in the other seven patients. Most of the eighteen patients with NAFLD were obese, diabetic and hypertensive. Four patients had positive serology for autoimmune hepatitis and two patients had positive serology for cytomegalovirus infection. All patients had normally ranged serum iron & ferritin. The remaining six patients had normal hepatic U/S and negative serology for different hepatic viruses; four of them underwent liver biopsy that revealed simple hepatic steatosis in two of them and non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in the other two patients. </span><span>Conclusion & recommendation: </span><span>Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was found to be the commonest cause of unexplained hepatic hypertransamina-saemia. However, we must be minded with less frequent causes like autoimmune hepatitis and cytomegalovirus infection. Needle liver biopsy and possibly MR imaging of the liver are important investigational techniques for patients with hepatic hypertransaminasaemia associated with normal serum iron & ferrtin levels, negative serology of (autoimmune hepatitis & various hepatic viruses), normal hepatic ultrasonography; to diagnose those with occult hepatic steatosis among them. Estimation of HBV-DNA & HCV- RNA by (PCR) could be required for precise exclusion of HBV & HCV infection. Large-scale studies are recommended to verify these findings </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18098_a01dc65b150534723680615a5730dbbb.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200220120050701Risk Factors And Impacts Of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Adult Females In Cairo1121301809910.21608/ejhm.2005.18099ENE. A. El-MoselhyDepartments of Community Medicine; Dermatology & VenereologyH. O. KhalifaDepartments of Community Medicine; Dermatology & VenereologyK. M. Abd-AllahDepartments of Community Medicine; Dermatology & VenereologyF. A. HassanDepartments of Community Medicine; Dermatology & VenereologyR. B. AtallahDepartments of Community Medicine; Dermatology & VenereologyH. M. HassanDepartments of Community Medicine; Dermatology & VenereologyA. G. El-Darwishbstetrics & Gynaecology Department Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University.A. M. EbrahimPsychiatry department Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University.A. M. OsmanMicrobiology department Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University.M. A. ShatatParasitology Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University.Journal Article20181031<span>This study was conducted on ninety sexually transmitted disease (STD) adult female patients, attending Dermato-Venereology and Gynaecology Clinics, Al-Hussein University Hospital and an equal number of females as controls. The aim of the study was to determine sociodemographic, sexual and health care behaviours risk factors for STDs and to determine their impacts on the studied females. A retrospective, case-control, clinic based study was chosen to perform this research. Vaginal, cervical and urethral swabs and smears were taken. Also, scrapes from any suspicious lesions together with blood samples were taken from STD patients for various laboratory examinations. The most common STD was candidiasis (35.6%). Shared house and unskilled occupations were the most important sociodemographic risk markers, odds ratio (OR) =11.62 and 2.92, respectively. While, vaginal douche use and divorce were the most important gynaecological and reproductive risk factors, OR=7.16 and 4.06, respectively. Furthermore, premarital sexual practice and non-vaginal sexual practice were the most important sexual behaviours risk factors, OR=13.40 and 10.97, respectively. Also, previous infection with STDs and no partner referral were the most important health care behaviours risk factors, OR=6.45 and 4.93, respectively. Moreover, no religious obligation and drugs and/or alcohol use were the most important life style risk markers, OR=12.89 and 6.77, respectively. Lastly, history of pelvic inflammatory disease (18.9%) and pregnancy wastage </span>
<span>(17.8%) were the most important impacts of </span>
<span> </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18099_78cd5249a957586667ae81d7128ae95c.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200220120050701Comparative studies on the corneal structural adaptation of two rodents inhabiting different environments1311471810010.21608/ejhm.2005.18100ENEl-Sayed Fikri Ali El-DawiDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.Hamdy AlyDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181031<span>The corneas of </span><span>Rattus rattus </span><span>and </span><span>Meriones shawi </span><span>are composed of three main layers; an outer epithelium, a middle stroma (basement membrane, total stroma and Descemet</span><span>’s </span><span>membrane) and an inner endothelium. The mean thickness of the epithelium, total stroma, </span><span>Descemet’s membrane, and endothelium was about </span><span>52 ± 7.3 </span><span>μ</span><span>m, 275 ±18.7 </span><span>μ</span><span>m, 5.5 ± 0.7 </span><span>μ</span><span>m, and 7.5±0.23</span><span>μ</span><span>min</span><span>R.rattus</span><span>,whereasitwas38 ± 5.8</span><span>μ</span><span>m,124 ±4.7</span><span>μ</span><span>m,4 ±0.21</span><span>μ</span><span>m,and 4.2 ± 0.17 </span><span>μ</span><span>m in </span><span>M. shawi</span><span>. </span>
<span>In </span><span>R. rattus </span><span>and </span><span>M. shawi, </span><span>the outermost cells of the corneal epithelium are mostly polygonal and hexagonal in shape with nearly regular borders and show a dense pattern of microplicae with different scatter electron that exhibits three and two polymorphic appearances, respectively. Type A: numerous light cells with dense microplicae; type B: many dark cells with a moderate density of microplicae, and type C: few dark cells with a less density of microplicae are found in </span><span>R. rattus</span><span>; whereas</span><span>, </span><span>types A and B are found in </span><span>M. shawi. </span>
<span>In both investigated species, the epithelial cells are characterized by some structural components, such as glycocalyx, fibrous components and tight junction between these cells, to resist the impact of the external stressed factors and to protect the underlying tissue, as well as to maintain an excellent transparency of the cornea. Among these structures, the cytokeratin filaments are the major components of the cytoplasm of the corneal epithelial cells (basal, polygonal, wing and squamous cells). Actin filaments are also found in the corneal epithelial cells, but they are prominent within the apical epithelial cells. </span>
<span>In </span><span>R. rattus</span><span>, the stroma is formed of an outer lamellar zone and an inner lamellar one; the latter is thicker and characterized by its interfibrillar spaces between the bundles of wavy dissociated collagen fibrils, which are arranged in an orthogonal manner. In </span><span>M. shawi</span><span>, however, the stroma is formed of one lamellar zone of flattened bundles of highly wavy and branched collagen fibrils, which are composed of perpendicular fibrillae alternating with longitudinal ones. </span>
<span>In </span><span>R. rattus</span><span>, the SEM showed that the endothelial cell surfaces are slightly bulging with many blebs, whereas in </span><span>M. shawi, </span><span>it showed that the surfaces of the endothelial cells are flattened and nearly smooth. </span>
<span>In conclusion, the transparency of the cornea, may be highly attributed to the increase in the thickness of the stroma, the presence of stromal interfibrillar spaces and the case of the stromal swelling. These aforementioned features are found in the corneal stroma of </span><span>R. rattus</span><span>, which live in different habitats of varying degrees of density such as water and dry or humid air, whereas these features are lacking in </span><span>M. shawi</span><span>, which live only in arid zones. </span>
<span> </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18100_684d86bd562647bc800618da58f4b284.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200220120050701Effect of Commiphora myrrha extract on some physiological parameters and histological changes in diabetic albino rats.1481621810110.21608/ejhm.2005.18101ENEman G.E. HelalZoology Department, Faculty of Science ,Al-Azhar, University.Ashraf MahmoudHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar, University.Essam E. El-BadawyAnatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University.Anwaar A. KahwashZoology Department, Faculty of Science ,Al-Azhar, University.Journal Article20181031<span>The present study aimed to clarify the antidiabetic activity of Commiphora myrrha (CM) aqueous extract on thirty adult male albino rats, which were divided into two groups; the first served as a control group, the second was injected with alloxan (120mg/Kg body weight) and divided into two subgroups the first served as diabetic group, the second treated with (CM) water extract (0.05mg/100 gm bwt). After 30 days of the treatment half of each group was sacrificed and the other half was left for other 15 days without any additional treatment (recovery period). </span>
<span>Our results revealed highly significant decrease (p< 0.01) in blood glucose level and highly significant increase in body weight of the diabetic rats with different histological changes in cells of islets of Langerhans. These histological and physiological changes were ameliorated in rats treated with CM. </span>
<span>Water extract of CM has a definite hypoglycemic, hyperinsulinimic effect, on the other hand, a significant increase in body weight, </span><span>β </span><span>cell number and liver glycogen contents were achieved. </span>
<span>The results of the present study clarify the role of CM as an active antidiabetic plant and suggest a relationship between drenching CM extract and insulin production. Other of investigations want be done to detect effects of different doses and time intervals of CM in diabetic animals. </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18101_e42c35b3ba2ccbaebd755708eca27490.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200220120050701Stevioside as A low caloric sweetener to milky drink and its protective role against oxidative stress in diabetic rats1631761810210.21608/ejhm.2005.18102ENAyman M. BadawiDepartment of Biochemistry National Organization For Drug Control And Research (NODCAR) P.O. Box 29, Cairo, Egypt.Nadia A. El-tablawyDepartment of Biochemistry National Organization For Drug Control And Research (NODCAR) P.O. Box 29, Cairo, Egypt.Nahed S. BassilyDepartment of Histology National Organization For Drug Control And Research (NODCAR) P.O. Box 29, Cairo, Egypt.Sami A. El-BehairyDepartment of Food Evaluation and Food Science
National Organization For Drug Control And Research (NODCAR) P.O. Box 29, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20181031<span>Stevioside is a natural sweetener extract from the plant Stevia </span><span>rebaudiana Bertoni. </span><span>Stevioside was used in traditional medicine among Indian community in Brazil for the treatment of diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate the safety of stevioside as natural sweetener substitute sugar in a dairy product needed by those suffering from diabetes and its protctive role against oxidative stress exerted by hyperglycemia. </span>
<span>The antibacterial activity of stevioside showed no effect on the pathogenic bacteria namely </span><span>S. aureus, S. typhomuium </span><span>and </span><span>E. coli </span><span>as well as lactic acid bacteria. In the present study hyperglycemia was induced by i.p. injection of alloxan in two successive doses (70 mg/kg b.w. eash / day to rats preadministered stevioside in two different doses (640 mg/kg b.w. and 1.280 g/kg b.w.) for eight weeks. </span>
<span>The following investigations were carried out, glucose tolerance test, blood glucose, blood glutathione, MDA, erythrocyte SOD and transminases. The histopathological examinations were performed at the end of the experimental period. The results obtained in this study assessed the safety and protective role of stevioside as a natural sweetener substitute sugar in a dairy product. </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18102_54b2570a42d8caed03f36716a09b9fe9.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200220120050701Effects Of Mobile Phones Radiation On The EEG And EMG Of Human Users.1771951810310.21608/ejhm.2005.18103ENFathy El-KomeyThe National Center for Social and Criminological Research,Journal Article20181031<span>This study focuses on the effect of mobile phone radiation emissions on the human electroencephalograph (EEG) and electromyogram activity (EMG). EEG and EMG recordings from 50 (male and female) awake subjects were taken during exposure to radiation emissions from a mobile phone. Our results demonstrated that stimulation effects became apparent on EEG at first, and changes varied strongly at the end of the experiment to depression. EEG and EMG showed interesting changes.The results suggested that cellular phones may reversibly influence the human brain, as their use induced abnormal slow waves in EEG of awake persons. </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18103_fe78a114bfd2d4444399ee3172037768.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200220120050701Toxic Effects Of Some Antispastic Drugs on the EEG: Some Biochemical And Immunological Studies on Rats.1962151810410.21608/ejhm.2005.18104ENFathy El-KomeyThe National Center for Social and Criminological Research, Zamalek, P.O., P.C.11561, Cairo, Egypt.Inass EL-GaafarawiThe National Center for Social and Criminological Research, Zamalek, P.O., P.C.11561, Cairo, Egypt.Hanan MoustafaThe National Center for Social and Criminological Research, Zamalek, P.O., P.C.11561, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20181031<span>The toxicity of tizanidine and baclofen was studied on male rats. The oral clinical dose of tizanidine and baclofen( 0.216 and o.54 mg/ 100g body weight / day, respectively)was given for one, two, three and four weeks. Chronic administration of the two drugs causes damage to the lung and a significant reduction in serum and lung levels of GSH , Vit E , Vit C and SOD activity . Four weeks treatment induced significant elevation of GPX activity and MDA levels. The two drugs, also, caused inhibitory activity on proliferation of splenocyte triggered by Con A, LPS and IL-2 production cell activities. They also produced several abnormal patterns in the EEG including increased epileptiform discharges and synchronous rhythmic activity . Diffuse slowing , with increased beta and delta activity and decreased alpha activity , with </span>
<span>superimposed beta activity were recorded. than baclofen . </span>
<span> </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18104_3757e337e85349d6feb6aaf0869e373e.pdf