Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Sleeping Disorders among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia; in Relation to Anti-Insomnia Medications275027531219610.12816/0042561ENMuath S. AlQahtaniCollege of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)
Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaTalal M. AlkhaldiCollege of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)
Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaAbdullah Mutib Al-SultanCollege of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)
Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaAbdulelah S. Bin ShihahCollege of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)
Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaAhmed Saad AleidCollege of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)
Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaZiyad Khater AlzahraniCollege of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)
Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaKhalid Hisham AlfaryanCollege of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)
Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20180902<strong>Background: </strong>due to their demanding lifestyle, sleep deprivation is common amongst the medical students. A study, which followed 1,007 young adults at a health maintenance organization for 3.5 years, found that a history of insomnia predicted new-onset depression, also other psychiatric disorders. Another study showed that sleeping disorders and insomnia are negatively associated with academic performance in medical students in Saudi Arabia. The relationship between sleeping disorders among medical students in Saudi Arabia; about anti-insomnia medications is insufficiently addressed in the literature. This study aimed to assess the relationship between sleep habits and sleep duration with academic performance in the medical students. <strong>Objectives</strong>: this study aimed to determine sleep pattern disorders among medical students, as well as, the use of anti-insomnia medications and alsoto define the relation regarding the academic performance among the sample medical students in Saudi Arabia.
<strong>Methods:</strong> this is a cross-sectional study which was conducted among the medical students at three different medical schools, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from May 2014 to December 2014.. A self-administrated randomized questionnaire was developed and designed in the Arabic language in the form of multiple choices and short answers, concerning age, gender, educational level, grade point average GPA, financial status, total sleep hours per day, mid-day naps duration, quality and latency of sleep and using of anti-insomnia medications. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was also involved in the questionnaire. <strong>Results</strong>: out of 276 received questionnaires, 237 questionnaires were completed. Out of those 237 subjects, 92 subjects were female students (38.7%), and 145 were male students (60.9%). The mean age was 22 ±2.37. Regarding GPA, 122 participants got below average GPA, 28 participants got average GPA, 62 participants got an average GPA, while 25 participants got an excellent GPA (51.3%, 11.8%, 26.1%,10.5% respectively). 127 of the participants were used medications to help them to sleep, and 9.7% used it occasionally, whereas 110 of the participants did not use any medication. Out of 127 participants who used the medications, 92.5% of them agreed that medications they took were helpful and effective.<strong>Conclusion:</strong> this study showed a significant relationship between the use of anti-insomnia medications and the academic performance of medical students, further committee and education should be established by the universities and faculties to enhance the student’s awareness to the issue of the chronic use of anti-insomnia medications at first and to apply a perfectly healthy environment with less stress and condensed classes and exams.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12196_e1f9203357dd91716c981e956305f852.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Influence of Age on Aluminum-Induced Hepatotoxicity in the Male Albino Rat275427701220210.12816/0042562ENSoheir Ibrahim SalehHuman Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityAshraf Ramzy YoussefHuman Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityShereen Adel SaadHuman Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityMona Nabil MohamedHuman Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityJournal Article20180902<strong> Background: </strong>aluminum is the third most common element in the earth’s crust and is about 8% of its total mineral components. It is widely used in antacid drugs, food additives and tooth pastes. Moreover, it is added to the drinking water for purification purposes. It is also the metal of choice in making several household cookware and storage utensils despite its toxic effects.<br /> <strong> Aim of the work: </strong>this study aimedto describe the histological changes which occurred in liver of rats exposed to aluminum and also to clarify whether those changes were related to the age of the experimental animals or not.<br /> <strong>Material and methods: </strong>32 male albino rats were used in this study, 16 adults and they were weighing 150-180 gm and 16 senile and they were weighing 400-450 gm. <strong>Group I:</strong> was consisted of 16 adult male rats. This group was categorized into two equal subgroups; subgroup IA and subgroup IB. <strong>Group II:</strong> was consisted of 16 senile male rats. This group was categorized into two equal subgroups; subgroup IIA and sub group IIB. Subgroups IA and IIA were served as control and received distilled water. Subgroups IB and IIB received aluminum chloride in a dose of 475 mg/kg body weight by gastric gavage once daily for three weeks. At the end of the experiment, liver specimens were collected, processed for paraffin blocks and semithin sections and examined by light microscope.<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>liver sections obtained from adult rats received aluminum chloride showed disrupted and discontinuous liver capsule, disorganized hepatic architecture, affection of the hepatocytes especially those under the liver capsule which had small darkly stained nuclei and dilated, distorted and slightly congested central veins. Most of the blood sinusoids appeared either narrow and obliterated or congested. The portal triads showed vascular congestion and dilatation, proliferation of the bile ducts with slight increase in the collagen deposition around the portal triads. Sporadic positive PAS reaction within the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes was also noticed in liver sections stained with PAS stain. Semithin sections stained with toluidine blue showed well circumscribed vacuoles of different sizes inside and outside the hepatocytes. On the other hand, liver sections obtained from senile rats received aluminum chloride showed the same previous changes that occurred in the adult group, but they were exaggerated and there were additional changes such as the presence of irregular homogenous materials and tiny vacuoles in the cytoplasm of most of the hepatocytes.<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>oral administration of aluminum chloride in rats resulted in degenerations in the liver and that was conclusive of toxic hepatitis. These changes were exaggerated among the senile rats which proved that senile rats are more susceptible to the hepatoxicity induced by aluminum. Therefore, it is advised to create awareness among people especially the senile ones about the hazards of extensive use of aluminum.<br /> <strong> </strong><br /> https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12202_fe076c6bac1577f415f0728440cefad5.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Causes and Management of Postoperative Fever277127761220810.12816/0042563ENTalal Hamid AlfallajDow University Of Health SciencesRakan Abdullah Mohammed AljaafaryKing Abdulaziz UniversityNouf Ali AlqahtaniIbn Sina National CollegeKhloud Abdulrahman AltowirqiIbn Sina National CollegeSara Faisal BagdoodIbn Sina National CollegeFatmah Ibrahim AlabdullahImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityAli Mohammed AlibrahimTainjin Medical University – ChinaAsaad Saleh RadwanKing Abdulaziz UniversityHassan Mohammed BarnawiTaibah UniversityZainab Redaa AlghanimImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityAqeel Ghassan AlhashimImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityEyaad Talat GhallabKing Abdullah Medical Complex JeddahJournal Article20180902Postoperative fever presents a frequent and at times, thorny issue for the clinician. Whereas fever is frequently a normal phenomenon in the prompt post-surgical period, massive amounts of resources are used each day in the quest of more unfavorable diagnoses. The occurrence of a postoperative fever is not always suggestive of an infectious process. Mild temperature rise might be transient in nature and can emerge from the body's reaction to tissue damage. Fevers that present from two to more than seven days after a surgical procedure can be caused by other physiological reactions. Perioperative nurses can target nursing assessments according to the postoperative day on which the fever presents.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12208_ad88b7598b81eb03633080eb8d13ee57.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Ultrasound and Computed Tomography in Abdominal and Pelvic Diagnoses277727821221310.12816/0042564ENIbrahim Abdullah Abdulrazaq AlbakriNajran UniversityRefah Saad Al-QahtaniKing Abdulaziz HospitalMaher Ghazi AlsharifKing Abdulaziz HospitalHadil Mohammed AleneziNorthern Border UniversityGhaida Mohammad AhmadKing Abdulaziz HospitalAhmed Sulaiman AljuhaniKing Abdulaziz HospitalSalman Ali AlaliwiArabian Gulf UniversityAbdullah Mohammed A. AlqarniKing Khalid UniversityAbdullah Ali AlkhalifaMinistry Of HealthDoaa Yousif AlamriTaiba UniversityMohammed Abobakr Hassan BalkheirAlbaha UniversityFatimah Abduladhim AlabudibImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityJournal Article20180902<strong>Introduction:</strong> the major imaging modalities used in diagnosis of pelvic and abdominal conditions ranged from X-ray, ultrasonography, computed tomography and many more. In each different kind of disorder; a different modality is preferred based on the nature of disease, the patient and the hospital where the management is provided. Some conditions require more than one source of imaging. <strong>Aim of the work: </strong>this study aimed to discuss various abdominal and pelvic pathologies separately to explore the preferred type of imaging modality.<br /> <strong>Methodology: </strong>we conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE from January 1994 to March 2017. The following search terms were used: ultrasound versus CT, acute abdomen imaging, abdominal radiology and pelvic pain diagnosis<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>various disorders and conditions required different modality of imaging and a health care provider must be well informed of the benefits and risks and be able to weigh in order to make use of the most appropriate imaging technique.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12213_21ccdb5ae5e2f00fb6f43d4781ef607f.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Effect of Artificial Sweets on Neurologic Disorders278327871222410.12816/0042565ENAli Malik AlahmedUniversity Of Dammam( Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University),Mohammad Ehsan M ShokriKing Abdulaziz University HospitalFaris Ali Nasser AyidhKing Khalid UniversityAmer Baraki AlotaibKing Abdullah Hospital-BishaTarnim Muhsen AlghamdiKing Abdulaziz HospitalFaisal Barrak H AlziyadiKlakh PHC,7- King Saud Medical City-RiyadhAbdulsalam S. AlluhaydanKing Saud Medical City-RiyadhAbdulwahab Malawi S AlshahraniKing Khalid UniversityNora Faisal AlsaudAlfaisal UniversityOsama Abdulaziz M GasemKing Abdulaziz UniversityAbdulrhman Ebrahim A. MughallisJazan General HospitalAlbayyali,Tariq Hassan HAljouf UniversityJournal Article20180902<strong>Background: </strong>Sugar- and artificially-sweetened beverage consumption have been connected to cardio metabolic hazard factors, which rise the danger of cerebrovascular illness and dementia.
<strong>Purpose: </strong>We studied whether sugar or artificially sweetened beverage intake was related with the prospective dangers of incident stroke or dementia. <strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We studied 361 members aged more than 45 years for incident stroke (mean age 61 [SD, 10] years; 163 men) and 185 participants aged >60 years for incident dementia (mean age 68 [SD, 7] years; 85 men). Beverage consumption was computed using a food-frequency questionnaire at cohort studies. We quantified latest consumption at investigation 7 and cumulative intake by averaging across examinations. Surveillance for incident events commenced at examination 7 and continued for 5 years. We observed 12 cases of incident stroke (10 ischemic) and 10 cases of incident dementia (8 consistent with Alzheimer’s disease). <strong>Results: </strong>After modifications for age, gender, education (for analysis of dementia), caloric consumption, diet feature, physical activity, and smoking, higher recent and higher cumulative consumption of artificially sweetened soft drinks were related with an increased risk of ischemic stroke, all-cause dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease dementia. When comparing day-to-day aggregate consumption to 0 per week (reference), the risk ratios were 2.87 (95% confidence interval, 1.24–6.89) for ischemic stroke and 2.91 (95% confidence interval, 1.15–6.99) for Alzheimer’s disease. Sugar-sweetened beverages were not associated with stroke or dementia. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Artificially sweetened soft drink consumption was allied with a higher risk of stroke and dementia.
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https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12224_9e78121c824b60bf072f9aac6c525ab9.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Visits to Emergency Departments for Gynecologic Disorders in KSA278827941222810.12816/0042566ENSadeem Adnan AlqusairKing Abdulaziz UniversityKhalid Ibrahim S AlbulushiKing Abdulaziz UniversityLujain Nizar MalakaUmm-Alqura UniversityRakan Alhussin AlsharifPrimary Care CenterAli Ibrahim Ali AlsalbiTaibah UniversityYousef Abdulrahman O AloufiKing Abdulaziz UniversityMohannad Mohamed Eissa AbousaadahKing Abdulaziz UniversityZiyad Adnan TurkistaniUmm-Alqura UniversitySamer Sameer Y MiskiIbn Sina National CollegeMohammed Yaanallah Mohammed Al GhamdiAl Baha UniversityMohammad Hesham A SindiKing Saud UniversityDaniah Samir S AllaliKing Abdulaziz UniversityJournal Article20180902<strong>Background: </strong>Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) influences 20–30% of women sooner or later in their regenerative years and regularly cause women to look for urgent or emergent care.
<strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe the population of women seeking urgent medical attention for abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), in terms of symptoms, medical history, and clinical examination findings; and to determine characteristics associated with anaemia in this population.
<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>We implemented a retrospective cohort study of patients comprehended in King Abdulaziz Hospital Emergency Room for abnormal uterine bleeding from November 2016 to May 2017 (n=126). Data collected included demographic factors, laboratory and radiologic findings, clinical history, and physical examination findings. We calculated pervasiveness ratios for moderate to severe anaemia (defined as haemoglobin less than 10 g/dL) and sensitivity and specificity of clinical characteristics for recognizing women with anaemia.
<strong>Results: </strong>The median age of patients was 33 years (range 14–68 years). Nearly half (47.6%) had a concurrent medical condition which could affect their treatment options and 15 had moderate to severe anaemia. The only factors related with moderate to severe anaemia were having both tachycardia and hypotension; duration of bleeding more than 7 days: and haemoglobin of less than 10 g/dL in the previous year.
<strong>Conclusions: </strong>A substantial proportion of patients looking for urgent medical care for abnormal uterine bleeding had potential contraindications for the mainstays of treatment. Clinical symptoms and bleeding history were poorly predictive for moderate to severe anaemia in this population of women.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12228_230dbbddfb82f22d71e2f62d10a20ddb.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Rectal Atresia with Congenital Rectovaginal Fistula: A Rare Variant of Anorectal Malformations279527971223010.12816/0042567ENAli H. Al-Ameer Al-AmeerPediatric Surgery Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaIlhama JafarliPediatric Surgery Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaAbdulwahab S. Al-JubabPediatric Surgery Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20180902<strong>Background</strong>: rectal atresia is a rare variant of anorectal malformations. The presence of fistulous communication between the rectum and the urogenital system in case of rectal atresia is even rarer to occur. <strong>Aim of the work</strong>: this article aimed to describe a case of rectal atresia in a female infant associated with proximal and distal congenital rectovaginal fistula. <strong>Results: </strong>the clinical, radiological findings and the surgical management were discussed . <strong>Conclusion</strong>: the case demonstrated the possibility to find a rectovaginal fistula in rectal atresia, and the possibility of recurrence after surgical intervention.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12230_7ef3f3b04dcdfbac42978999bcc09b13.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Breast Cancer Staging and The Role of Radiology279828031223210.12816/0042568ENSalha Mofareh GhazwaniKing Khalid UniversityMaram Adnan RawahJeddah Eye HospitalJaber Mohammed ZarbahNajran UniversityAbdulrahman Saleh AmoudiMadina Maternity and Children Hospital (MMCH)Fatimah Hassan AlyahyaKing Abdulaziz University in JeddahAbdulrahman Ahmed H AmanBatterjee Medical CollegeRaed Fuad Ahmad AbuazzahTaibah UniversityOmar Talal M TallabKing Khalid UniversityAmirah Ali AlshammariImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal HospitalAlaa Jamal A AkbarAjyad Emergency Hospital, MakkahAbdulrahman Abdulaziz AlharbiUmm Al-Qura UniversityFatimah Nasser AlsaadImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal HospitalAmor Abdullah Al MehdarMinistry of HealthJournal Article20180902<strong>Purpose: </strong>To Compare tomosynthesis to mammography, ultrasound, MRI, and histology for the detection and staging of BI-RADS 4–5 anomalies, as a function of breast composition, histology, size, and lesion location.
<strong>Materials and methods: </strong>25 patients underwent tomosynthesis, MRI, mammography, and ultrasound. The diagnostic accuracy of the different examinations was compared.
<strong>Results: </strong>The sensitivities for detection were as follows: 92.7% for MRI, 80.5% for ultrasound, 75.6% for tomosynthesis, and 61% for mammography. Tomosynthesis improves the sensitivity of mammography (P = 0.0001), but not the specificity. The detection of multifocality and multicentricity was improved, but not significantly. Tomosynthesis identified more lesions than mammography in 10% of cases and improved lesion staging irrespective of the density, but was still inferior to MRI. The detection of ductal neoplasia was superior with tomosynthesis Compared to mammography (P = 0.016), but this was not the case with lobular cancer. The visualization of masses was improved with tomosynthesis (P = 0.00012), but not with microcalcifications. Tomosynthesis was capable of differentiating lesions of all sizes, but the smaller lesions were easier to see. Lesion sizes measured with tomosynthesis, excluding the spicules, concurred with histological dimensions. Spicules lead to an overestimation of the size.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our series, tomosynthesis found more lesions than mammography in 10% of patients, resulting in an adaption of the surgical plan.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12232_6adf89a522ca5d522f35b280f3411c26.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Post-Operative Anticipation of Outcome after Cholecystectomy280428081223910.12816/0042569ENHussam Muidh AlthagafiKing Abdulaziz UniversityFaisal Saleh AlghamdiKing Abdulaziz UniversityMohammad Mustafa S AlaliImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityLinah Khalid QasimUmm Alqura UniversityYara Saleh BayunusUmm Alqura UniversityAbdullatif Mohammed AlomairKing Faisal UniversityFeras Fouad SaroujiKSHAbdullah Sulaiman A AlboseerQassim UniversityGhadeer Isa Abdali Isa Ebrahim AldaaysiRak Medical and Health Sciences UniversityBader Saad AlkhathamiKing Khaled UniversityMohammed Humayyed Mohammed AlotaibiKing Abdulaziz Specialist HospitalYousef Abdulrahman O AloufiKing Abdulaziz Specialist HospitalJournal Article20180902<strong>Background: </strong>A substantial group of patients with gallstone disease experience negative outcome after surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy). Early identification of these patients is important.
<strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of the study was to recognize predictors (trait anxiety and clinical symptoms) of negative symptomatic outcomes at 5 weeks after cholecystectomy.
<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Consecutive patients (n = 66), 18–60 years, with symptomatic gallstone disease, completed symptom checklists and the state-trait anxiety inventory preoperatively and at 6 weeks after cholecystectomy. <strong>Results: </strong>High trait anxiety was the only predictor of persistence of biliary symptoms at 6 weeks after cholecystectomy (OR = 6.79). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>In addition to clinical symptoms, high trait anxiety is a predictor of negative symptomatic outcome at 6 weeks after cholecystectomy. Trait anxiety should be evaluated to aim at a patient-tailored approach in gallstone disease.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12239_0a824e4881afdaa74fe64684c19417c1.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Features of Menopause and Menopausal Age among Saudi Women280928131224410.12816/0042570ENAmor Abdullah Al MehdarGP Ministry of HealthHariri,Mohammad Zaki OPHC, MakkahFay Ali F AlotaibiKing Abdulaziz UniversityTurki Ali Abdullah AL AlyaniAbha Psychiatric HospitalNaseem Ahmad M MataryKing Khalid University (KKU)Mohammed Atiah Ahmed BakriAbu - Arish Al-Janoubi Primary Health CareJaman Hassan AlQahtaniKing Dahad Armed Forces HospitalSultan Essa AlsalamiMaternity & Children's Hospital in JeddahAlharbi, Abrar Ahmed AWestern Al-Azizia Primary Health Care CenterHussam Muidh AlthagafiKing Abdulaziz UniversitySamirah Nasser A MajrshiPrimary Health Care in Al-Jumum- MakkahLaila Mossa MahdiAseer Central HospitalFaisal Saleh AlghamdiKing Abdulaziz UniversityMunirah Abdulrahman H SattamKing Abdulaziz UniversityJournal Article20180902<strong>Background: </strong>Menopause is the estimated end of reproductive life. Having a positive attitude towards it has been shown to outcome in a positive experience, whereas a negative attitude is connected with negative experiences and symptoms. Conventionally, women regularly abstain from sex after menopause.
<strong>Purpose: </strong>The study aimed to determine the level of awareness and perceptions about the menopause and sex in perimenopausal women attending a general outpatient clinic.
<strong>Methods: </strong>Women over 40 years were enlisted from the Family Medicine Department of King Abdulaziz Hospital, excluding those who were menopausal. Data analyses were done with chi-square test (P<0.05).
The study was done according to the ethical board of Umm Al Qura university.
<strong>Results: </strong>Most (151; 85.8%) of the 176 surveyed participants were aware of the menopause. Only 36.1% anticipated associated symptoms. About half (55.68%) were indifferent to menopause onset, while 23.3% had a positive attitude and 21.11% had a negative attitude, respectively. Younger women were less likely to have a positive attitude to the menopause (P=0.04). There were negative cultural beliefs towards sex. Sexual activity was low and declined with age (P<0.001). Many women would like treatment to improve their sexual activity.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most participants had a favourable disposition towards the menopause, though sexual relationships suffer. Counselling and treatment should be offered.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12244_f78db35263bd0b8015d0f1bb1c683b27.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Assessment of Patients with Beta-thalassemia281428181224910.12816/0042571ENAhmad Hameed AllehaibyPrimary Health Care, JeddahSarah Musaed AlluheibiPrimary Health Care, MeccaSarah Mohammed AlnassarObhur PHCMansor Ahmed BayydihSabya PHCMohammad Mabrook S AlmohammadiElixir Medical CenterLayla Mohammed AlnashryUniversity of TabukAbdulrahim Abdullatif AlomairKing Faisal UniversityMazen Mosfer A AlzahraniAl-Azizyah Maternity& Children Hospital JeddahRawan Ezzi AbufaiaAsfan PHCRiyad Mohammed AlhajjiAlomran CenterMeshal Fahad M AlshamraniKing Abdulaziz UniversityOmar Hasan Abdullah BadahmanKing Abdulaziz UniversityHaitham Musaad A AlorainiAlmaarefa CollegeJournal Article20180902<strong>Background: </strong>Thalassemia major has become a public health problem worldwide, mainly in developing and poor countries, while the role of educating the family and community has not been considered enough in patients’ care. <strong>Purpose: </strong>This study was done to examine the impact of partnership care model on mental health of patients with beta-thalassemia major. <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This experimental study, with pretest and posttest design, was performed on patients with beta-thalassemia major in Jeddah city. 40 patients with beta-thalassemia major were assigned randomly into two groups of intervention (20 patients) and control (n=20) groups. Mental health of the participants was measured using the standard questionnaire before and after intervention in both groups. The intervention was applied to the intervention group for 6 months, based on the partnership care model. <strong>Results: </strong>There were significant differences between the scores of mental health and its subscales between the two groups after the intervention (𝑃< 0.05).
<strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of the study revealed the efficacy and usefulness of partnership care model on mental health of patients with beta-thalassemia major; thus, implementation of this model is suggested for the improvement of mental health of patients with beta-thalassemia major.
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https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12249_74a2296e6b48350720d59c86b4f86a47.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Retained Bandage Contact Lens for More Than Two Years in One Eyed Patient: A Case Report281928231225110.12816/0042572ENShorooq A AlenziTaibah University, College of Medicine, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,F. AlBloushi AbdulrahmanKing Saud University, Department of Ophthalmology, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20180902<strong>Aim of the work</strong><strong>:</strong> this study aimed to report a case of a bandage contact lens (BCL) retained for two years and six months in its primary position, which was associated with distinct clinical appearance over the patient's only Seeing Eye.
<strong>Patient and methods:</strong> a 70-year-old one-eyed female patient with a history of systemic hypertension and poor vision in the left eye due to an old trauma was presented with right eye spontaneous corneal perforation and leak. The patient was treated with cyanoacrylate corneal glue along with a bandage contact lens (BCL). For the unknown reasons, the patient did not come for a follow-up medical care and presented after two years and six months with the retention of the BCL in its original position. <strong>Results:</strong> the retained BCL developed an atypical clinical appearance in the form of granular deposits along the edges made of mixed epithelium and mucous deposition. We hypothesize that this deposition occurred as an adaptive mechanism and aided in BCL stabilization and prevention of serious contact lens-related complications.
<strong>Conclusions and Importance:</strong> to our knowledge, long-term in-place retention of BCL with distinct clinical appearance has not been characterized before. Despite the long period of retention, the lens did not migrate to the local vicinity and presented any serious complications. This report highlights the importance of appropriate patient education and counselling to ensure their compliance, thereby preventing any unfavourable future complications.
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<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12251_6288122969a8b5df05a0ee64fb10c202.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Exposure of Early Adolescent Girls to Genital Mutilation\Cutting:"Secondary Analysis of Survey of Young People in Egypt282428331225210.12816/0042573ENMaha SayedaDirectorate of Health Affairs, Assiut, EgyptGhada S. T. Al-AttarbDepartment of Public Health & Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptOmaima ElgibalybDepartment of Public Health & Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptJournal Article20180902<strong>Background: </strong>female genital mutilation/cuutting (FGM/C) is one of the main social problems affecting adolescent girls in Egypt. FGM/C has many health hazards affecting adolescents later in their lives. Researches related to FGM/C in Egypt focused mainly on prevalence and causes of FGM/C among women. However, there was little attention in exploring this problem among early adolescent girls. <strong>Aim:</strong> the objectives of this study included determining the prevalence and correlates of FGM/C among early adolescents in Egypt. <strong>Subjects and Methods:</strong> a secondary analysis of a nationally representative stratified multistage cluster sample using early adolescent girls using Survey of Young People in Egypt (SYPE) data 2009. Descriptive analysis was done using univariate & bivariate analysis to identify prevalence of FGM/C in Egypt among early adolescents and associated factors. Correlates of FGM/C were identified using logistic regression analysis with 95% confidence interval and P <0.05 as a significant level. Software used was SPSS version 20<strong>. Results: </strong>nearly two thirds of 10–14 years old girls in Egypt were exposed to FGM/C.FGM/C was carried on the majority of them by medical personnel (70.7%) at home or at private medical facilities. Older age, living in rural areas, and belonging to lowest wealth quintile were the main predictors of FGM\C exposure. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>FGM/C is still a major threat to early adolescent girls in Egypt especially by medical personnel among rural and poor families. Emphasizing strict legal sanctions against physicians performing the procedures as well as against responsible parents is very crucial in Egypt.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12252_9f05fa3921398c2cc3e934b1119f1419.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001The Influence of Diverse Irrigation Protocols on Resin Sealer Bond Strength to Dentin283428381225410.12816/0042574ENReham Abdulkhaleq FelembanAlfarabi Collage for Dentistry and Nursing (Jeddah)Shaimaa Gamal TagridaAlfarabi Collage for Dentistry and Nursing (Jeddah)Ayshah Abdullah AlshehriAlfarabi Collage for Dentistry and Nursing (Jeddah),Reem Abdullmuhsen AlshraimAlfarabi Collage for Dentistry and Nursing (Jeddah)Amal Mohammed AlanazeAlfarabi Collage for Dentistry and Nursing (Jeddah),Maha Salem BaaboudBatterjee Medical Collage for Sciences and TechnologyTurki Bakheet AlfuhigiOctober 6 University(Egypt)Mohammed Musayyab AlruwailiOctober 6 University(Egypt)Lujain Ahmed Mohammed AlghrairyHail UmiversityJournal Article20180902<strong>Background: </strong>The purpose of this study was to assess. The influence of diverse irrigation protocols on resin sealer bond strength to dentin.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A sum of 36 single-established andibular premolar teeth were utilized. Root channel forming strategies were applied with ProTaper rotary instruments (Dentsply Maillefer) up to measure F4. The prepared models were then arbitrarily collected into 3 groups (n = 12). For each group, an ultrasonic tip (measure 15, 0.02 taper) which was additionally covered with an epoxy resin based sealer and put 2 mm shorter than the working length. The sealer was then actuated for 10 s. A push-out test was utilized to gauge the bond strength between the root canal dentine and the sealer. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess the push-out bond strength of epoxy based sealer (P = 0.05). The failure mode information were statistically examined utilizing Pearson's chi square test (P = 0.05). <strong>Results: </strong>Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there were statistically insignificant difference between the push out bond strength values of 3 mm (p = 0.149) and 6 mm (P = 0.052) , for group one and two, while there was a statistically significant difference with the push out bond strength value of 9 mm (P = 0.029). Pearson’s chi square test showed statistically significant differences for the failure types among the groups.<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Several epoxy resin based sealers actuated ultrasonically demonstrated comparative bond strength in oval formed root canals. Apical areas for all groups have higher push out bond strength standards than middle and coronal segments.<br /> <br /> https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12254_046f39c525c5ae66dcec13fed4ea59c5.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Low Back Pain in Population of Arar City, Northern Saudi Arabia: an Epidemiological Study283928451225710.12816/0042575ENMuhammad Sari Z AlanziFaculty of Medicine, Northern Border UniversityGhannam Ali AlmuhawwisFaculty of Medicine, Northern Border UniversityFahad Ali A AlsahliFaculty of Medicine, Northern Border UniversityMuhammad Abdullah M AlmalkiFaculty of Medicine, Northern Border UniversityTarki Moubarak A AleneziFaculty of Medicine, Northern Border UniversityFadi Mohammad M AlruwailiFaculty of Medicine, Northern Border UniversityAlmhnd Talal AleneziFaculty of Medicine, Northern Border UniversityMohammed Amer M AlanazeyFaculty of Medicine, Northern Border UniversityAbdulrahman F S AleneziFaculty of Medicine, Northern Border UniversityNagah Mohamed Abo El-FetohFamily and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, KSA.Journal Article20180902<strong>Background:</strong> Low back pain (LBP) is a nonspecific condition of acute or chronic pain in or near the lumbosacral spines. It can be caused by inflammatory, degenerative, neoplastic, gynecologic, traumatic, metabolic, or other disorders. The <strong>aim</strong> of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of low back pain. To show also its symptoms and treatment trials among general population of Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. <strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional community based study was carried out on population of Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia, during the period from 1 January to 30 July 2017. Systematic random sampling technique was followed. Data was collected by personal interview, using pre designed questionnaire which include questions designed to fulfill the study objectives. <strong>Results:</strong> Among 501 studied individual. The prevalence of low back pain was 23.8%, 57% of them were females (P=0.02) and 30% had family history of low back pain. However 91% of cases doesn’t need vigorous effort in their work. Of the cases 90% doesn’t seek medical care for treatment. Disk problems were found in 6.7% of cases, soft tissue problems in 9.3% and in 84% of cases the cause was not diagnosed. About quarter (25.2%) get medical treatment but only 16.8% improved. While 19.3% get physiotherapy and most of them (18.2%) improved. No ases get surgical treatment. <strong>Conclusion and Recommendations:</strong> There was a high prevalence of LBP among Arar population (23.8%). Many risk factors were identified that would necessitate multidisciplinary involvement. Disk problemswere found in 6.7% of cases, soft tissue problems in 9.3% and in 80% of cases the cause was not diagnosed. We recommend that educational programs on prevention and coping strategies for musculoskeletal disorders are mandatory to reduce the rate of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.
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<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12257_b014705ffd2f94d6cde01d1572009220.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Seizures; A Pediatrics Emergency in Maternity and Children's Hospital, Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia284628511227010.12816/0042576ENOmar Tabaan AleneziFaculty of Medicine, Northern Border UniversityYusef Muhana AleneziFamily and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border UniversityNagah Mohamed Abo El-FetohFamily and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border UniversityRawan Deham IAledeilahPrimary Health Care Center, ArarBasel Waleed KhurfanSurgery Department, Specialized Medical CenterAbdullah Tban AlanaziFaculty of Medicine, Northern Border UniversityBadar Abdulrahman AlmuhayaFaculty of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, KSARaghad Aladham AlanaziFaculty of Medicine, Northern Border UniversityJournal Article20180902<strong>Background: </strong>seizures are the most common neurologic emergency in pediatrics and can be terrifying for patients and families. <strong>Aim of the work</strong>: this study aimed to determine the etiologies and sex distribution of seizure in children admitted to Emergency Department of Maternity and Children's Hospital in Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia, during the period from 1 January to 30 July 2017. <strong>Methods: </strong>this was a descriptive hospital-based study conducted in the Department of Pediatrics Emergency, Maternal and Child Hospital of Arar City during the period from 1 January to 30 July 2017. All the children below 12 years of age who were hospitalized at emergency department were enrolled in this study. The final diagnosis of seizure was made by a pediatric neurologist. The age, sex, type of seizure, associated fever, history of head trauma and other variables related to seizure in pediatric group were reviewed from the medical records. <strong>Results: </strong>a total of 158 children with diagnosis of seizures were included in this study. The proportion of male to female was about 2:1 as the percentage of males was 65.8% of patients. All patients up to 12 years were included with a mean age of 26.3±15.8 months. Less than quarter (16.5%) of the patients had focal seizures, while 83.5% had generalized seizures. Family history of seizures disorders were noted in only 15.2% patients. A previous history of seizure was mentioned in 19% patients. Febrile seizure was the most common etiology (72.2% of patients). Epilepsy in 17.7% and vaccine-associated seizure in 5.1% of the patients. Hypoglycemia, intracranial hemorrhage, encephalitis and hyponatremia were reported 2(1.3%) for each of them. <strong>Conclusion and recommendations:</strong> as this is the first study conducted in Arar maternity and children's hospital to differentiate of the etiology of seizure in children attending the emergency department. Indeed, we suggested other researchers to follow the patients to show the repetitions of seizure and the prognosis in them especially those with dangerous etiologies as epilepsy, diabetes, encephalitis and intracranial hemorrhage. Fever coexistence, seizure type, physical and neurological examinations and history of head injury and measurement of serum blood sugar level may provide important information for primary emergency physicians when evaluating children with attack of seizures. https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12270_eb916af50764835f173a610c2b61f08f.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001A study of Tinea Capitis in Children285228551227610.12816/0042577ENMoatasem Mohammed Modhish6 October University GP (Dr.Suliman Faqeeh Hospital)Manal Muneer Ibraheem Al-AssiriIbn Sina National CollegeAhmed Mohammed Yahya AlthuiKing Khaled UniversityAmr Mohammad K AlhazmiKing Khaled UniversityAmjad Obeid Saad AlghamdiKing Khaled UniversityRazaz Abdulaziz AlAssiriPrince Sultan Military Medical CityLara Saleh A AlkuhaimiAlfaisal UniversityAhmed Abdulaziz AlAssiriIbn Sina National CollegeNeda Manea Hussein AlsadiIbn Sina National CollegeAlasmari Buoshra SaeedKing Khaled UniversityLina Hassan T BugisUmm AlQura UniversityJournal Article20180903<strong>Background: </strong>Tinea capitis is a superficial fungal infection that predominantly affects the pediatric population. The etiological factors vary from area to area, and the exact occurrence remains obscure. The clinicoepidemiological and mycological aspects of this dermatophytosis were studied in King Abdulaziz Hospital. <strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the clinicoepidemiological aspects and mycological findings of dermatophytes involved in tinea capitis cases. <strong>Subjects and Methods: </strong>KOH examination, Wood's lamp examination, and fungal culture were performed in 50 clinically diagnosed cases of tinea capitis with patients’ age up to 13 years over a period of 8 months. The epidemiological factors associated with the disease were also evaluated. <strong>Results: </strong>Tinea capitis was predominant in the 3–6 and 6–9 years age groups with a male preponderance. Grey patch tinea capitis was the most common variant. KOH positivity was 74%, and Trichophyton tonsurans was the most common fungal isolate. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tinea capitis is a very common fungal infection in our setting. Early detection and diagnosis is mandatory to prevent its spread in the community as well as the development of scarring alopecia in the affected individual.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12276_d0c65c613af51976f1f775afe8d4c615.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Drug Prescription in Ophthalmology285628591227710.12816/0042578ENMaram Adnan RawahJeddah Eye HospitalMohammed Mahmoud AlkhayriKing Khalid University (KKU)Mashail Ali AlomariKing Khalid University (KKU)Raed Khalid ALmalkiKing Abdulaziz Medical City , RiyadhFatimah Hassan AlyahyaKing Abdulaziz University , JeddahFay Ali F AlotaibiKing Abdulaziz University , JeddahLama Hassan M MerikyKing Abdulaziz University , JeddahSarah Saeed AlawamiKing Abdulaziz University , JeddahMohannad Ali S AlomariGP at Najran University Hospital, Razan Mohammad Naseem JanUmm Al-Qura universityAlyaa Mohammedrafie BanjarJeddah Eye HospitalHumoud Mansour H AlKhalafRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandJournal Article20180903<strong>Background: </strong>Drug prescription studies provide a pharmacoeconomic basis for making evidence-based health-care decisions. In ophthalmology practice, rational prescribing shows a vital role in decreasing the ocular disease burden.
<strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of the study was to inspect the drug consumption pattern in ophthalmology department of King Abdulaziz hospital in KSA.
<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 3 months. The prescriptions for all consecutive patients attending the ophthalmology outpatient department for the first time (first time encounter) were incorporated and reviewed using a pre-designed form to record information from the ophthalmology outpatient department prescription cards of each patient. Data analysis was carried out using the descriptive statistical methods: frequencies, mean, percentage, and standard deviation.
<strong>Results: </strong>A total of 500 prescriptions were considered with the average number of drugs per prescription being 2.2 (0.8). The most common disorders diagnosed were eyelid diseases (31.6%) followed by foreign body in the eye (23,2%), conjunctivitis (20,8%), glaucoma, conrneal ulcer, squint, and others. Drugs were prescribed in different dosage forms with eye drops being the most common (62.9%) followed by ointment (20.5%), capsule (8.6%), and tablets (8.0%) of all dosage forms. The frequency of drug management and period of treatment was recorded in 94% and 76% of all prescriptions respectively. Drugs were predominantly prescribed in brand name rather than generic name.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study showed certain lacunae in the prescribing practices of the ophthalmologists of the institute as showed by low generic prescribing, insufficient information about frequency of management and period of treatment in many prescriptions. This can be addressed over appropriate sensitization of clinicians in the art of rational prescribing.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12277_65b1c60a98049dd11243f98d61f4d3ef.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Neurosurgery for Cerebral Aneurysm286028641228110.12816/0042579ENSetah Rashd AlShammariIbn Sina National CollegeHawazen Atef KamalBatterjje Medical CollegeAmal Abdullah Al-BuqaisiUniversity of HailHussam Muidh AlthagafiKing Abdulaziz UniversityMaria Khalifah AlhamedKing Faisal UniversitySaber Mutlaq BaseemAljouf UniversityMohammed Ahmed AlfaqihSQGHMohammed Saad AlkhathamiKAAHAbdulrhman Saleh DairiUmm Al-Qura UniversityAbdullah Mohammed ALdayriMajmaah UniversityAbdullah Ali JunaydUmm Al-Qura UniversityTalal Hamid Al FallajDow University of Health SciencesWed Bashier AlshoraFaculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20180903<strong>Background: </strong>Management of small aneurysms regularly poses a therapeutic problem and surgical treatment or coiling can be considered as therapeutic choices. In the current study, we reviewed our series of ruptured small cerebral aneurysm preserved surgically.
<strong>Materials and Methods:</strong>A total of 53 consecutive patients with ruptured small aneurysm were surgically treated between November 2014 and November 2016. Data were retrospectively collected. Procedure-related death and complications were systematically reviewed. Clinical outcomes were evaluated utilizing the Modified Ranking Scale. Neuroradiological follow-up was performed to evaluate aneurysmal occlusion and recanalization rate.
<strong>Results: </strong>The mean aneurysm size was 2 mm ± 0.7 mm. All the patients were operated and the aneurysm clipped. Clinical outcomes were as expected on the basis of the presenting Hunt and Hess grade. Generally, major and minor neurological deficit related to clipping were 5% and 3%, respectively. At the time of discharge, 85% of the patients presented with a favorable outcome, while 15% had poor clinical outcome. Aneurysm occlusion was achieved in all the cases. Neither recanalization nor re-aneurysmal rupture was observed in the clinical follow-up.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Aneurysms, 3 mm in diameter or smaller, represent a therapeutic challenge. Given the proven role of microsurgery in small aneurysms and the perceived challenges with endovascular therapy, surgical clipping still can be considered an effective treatment modality in this setting.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12281_c2aeac7d0f61c9ea89fff3312a0fd3de.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Awareness about Anesthesia amid General Populace286528701228410.12816/0042580ENLulwah Abdulaziz AlturaifiKing Khaleed Hospital in HailAbdulelah Ibraheem AlhatlanKing Faisal UniversityMohammed Yaanallah M Al-GhamdiAlbaha UniversityHaitham Abdullah AlmejallyKing Faisal Hospital,MakkahMustafa Hussain H AlshawafKing Faisal UniversityHussien Ali S AljaziriKing Faisal UniversityAli Adel M AlamerKing Faisal UniversityGhassan Ali J AlqahtaniAseer Central HospitalAfnan Khalid AlotaibiKing Abdulaziz UniversityAbdullah Hejji A AlmaihanKing Faisal UniversityYasmin Mohamed O ShartonKing Abdulaziz University HospitalAbrar Mansour A AlhazmiKing Abdulaziz UniversityJournal Article20180903<strong>Background: </strong>The public consciousness towards anesthesiologist and anesthesia is limited even in urban population. Our cross-sectional analysis highlights this lack of public awareness and discusses possible remedies to overcome these limitations.
<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Surgical outpatient department was screened for 6 months period in King Abdulaziz Hospital. A questionnaire divided into three parts (awareness about anesthesiologist, consent, present surgical experience) was filled out for each patient. The patients on the basis of their answers were classified as aware or unaware, furthermore, source of patient data was analyzed.
<strong>Results: </strong>Even with an exceptionally low threshold, only 44.86% of population could be categorized as aware, and commonest source of their information was not anesthesiologist but surgeon (56%). 89.7% patients were not aware of contents of pre-operative consent they had signed and further, only 21.4% were aware of anesthesia-related issues. Pain was reported as the most mutual pre-operative fear and post-operative patient concern. 40.2% patients due to lack of pre-operative counseling were not able to recognize the type of anesthesia and thought they had received both general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia. Finally, after explaining the role of anesthesia for surgery, 98.1% patients presented desire to meet the anesthesiologist before if they were to be operated in future.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>The awareness about anesthesia is particularly low likely due to low knowledge rates and lack of pre-operative counseling by anesthesiologist. Both patient and anesthesiologist should understand the significance of consent, as it is not only a legal binding but can eliminate pre-operative factitious fears of patients and can improve patient satisfaction towards surgery.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12284_d1bef6691b23837f8baf1585c6c5e187.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Interaction between Proton Pump Inhibitors and Antiplatelet Therapy287128751228610.12816/0042581ENFawaz TawhariJazan University College of PharmacyMohammed KaririJazan University College of PharmacyYahya AddarbiJazan University College of PharmacyIbrahim TawhariUniversity of Utah Health CareJournal Article20180903<strong>Background: </strong>proton pump inhibitors are agents that inhibit the final step in gastric acid formation. They are available in oral forms or intravenous forms. Proton pump inhibitors can be used in case of gastric ulcer. Antiplatelet therapy is a medication that acts as cardiovascular therapy as it is used in platelet inhibition. Some antiplatelet agents may case ulcer and proton pump inhibitors may become necessary for ulcer treatment, the use of this combination may cause adverse effects for patients.
<strong>Aim of the work: </strong> this study aimed to investigate the interaction between proton pump inhibitors and antiplatelet therapy. <strong>Materials and methods</strong><strong>: </strong>we used the internet to obtain articles about this subject, we used Google scholar, Pub Med and Research Gate to find the articles.
<strong>Results: </strong>we obtained 44 articles, only 11 were included and we excluded 31 articles as they have either irrelevant title or content.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>interaction between proton pump inhibitors and antiplatelet therapy was conflicted. The data available were from randomized studies or trials, patients inclusion criteria, methods and outcome differ between the various studies, also the clinical data were limited.
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<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12286_08649a92ffd67acd7adccebf33b4fd82.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Protective Role of Acacia Nilotica Extracs And Silymarin against Mutagenic and Hepatic Injuries Induced by 2-Butoxyethanol in Male Mice287628891228810.12816/0042582ENZeinab E.M. HanafyZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al–Azhar University (GirlsAhkam M. El-GendyZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al–Azhar University (GirlsAlaa A. ZakyFaculty of Pharmacy, Al–Azhar UniversityAhmed M. MansourFaculty of Pharmacy, Al–Azhar UniversityNada MostafaJournal Article201809032-Butoxyethanol (2-BE) is a clear colorless liquid that smells like ether. It is used as a solvent in spray lacquers, varnishes, varnish removers, herbicides, liquid soaps, cosmetics, industrial and household cleaners, and dry-cleaning compounds. 2-BE causes cellular damage via formation of reactive oxygen species. <em>Acacia nilotica</em> (<em>A.nilotica) </em>leaf extract exhibited significant antimutagenic and DNA-protective effects against oxidative damage due to the presence of alkaloids, volatile essential oils, phenols and phenolic glycosides; it is considered an excellent free radical scavenging antioxidant owing to the high number of hydroxyl groups. Silymarin (SIL) is a standardized mixture of antioxidant flavonolignans (silybin and silibinin).
<em>Silybum marianum </em>(Milk thistle) family <em>Asteraceae </em>is an ancient medicinal plant from which SIL is extracted. It is a free radical scavenger and a membrane stabilizer that prevents lipid peroxidation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of extracts of <em>A.nilotica</em> leaves and SIL on the toxicity of 2-BE<strong>.</strong>
<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>2-BE was given orally to male albino mice for 28 days at dose (450μl/kg b.wt). <em>A. nilotica</em> leaf extract (25 mg/kg b.wt) was dissolved in water and was administered orally for 14 days prior to 28 days treatment of 2-BE and during the 28 days. Also SIL (20 mg/kg b.wt) was administered orally for 14 days prior to 28 days treatment of 2BE and during the 28 days.
<strong>Result: </strong>In the present work, genotoxic effects were induced by 2-BE through oral administration, and the protective effect of <em>A. nilotica</em> and SIL are studied. 2-BE induced a significant increase in the structural as well as numerical chromosomal aberrations. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations showed significant decrease when mice treated with <em>A. nilotica </em>extract and SIL. Also, there were significant increases in micronuclei. <em>A. nilotica </em>extract and SIL administration significant decreases micronuclei induced by 2-BE. However 2-BE induced a significant decrease in mitotic index. Administration of both <em>A. nilotica </em>extract and SIL significant increase mitotic index in mice treated with 2-BE. Exposure of mice to 2-BE caused significant changes in the hematological paramters as well as significant increases in the activities of serum enzymes alanine aminotransferases (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferases (ASAT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Also, 2-BE induced a significant decrease in the content of liver reduced glutathione (GSH), however, induced a significant increase in the level of hepatic lipid peroxidation end product (MDA) of male mice. Co-administration of both <em>A. nilotica </em>extract and SIL to 2-BE-intoxicated mice ameliorated the above-mentioned parameters. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>2-BE induced mutagenic and liver injury in male mice. <em>A.nilotica and</em> SIL are found to reduce the percentage of chromosomal aberration and micronuclei cells as they are a powerful antioxidant, they are able to scavenger reactive oxygen species (free radicals) formed by 2-BE in the cells, these free radicals damage DNA and hence cause defects in the chromosomes.<em> A. nilotica</em> extract and SIL could be used as a protective agent against mutagenic and hepatic injuries resulting from 2-BE. The protective action ofSILis more effective than<em> A. nilotica</em>.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12288_3af84707afc72c04752e3cca6e881f33.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Urinary Incontinence in Healthy Saudi Women289028961229110.12816/0042583ENDayili Abdulmajeed Ahmed YJazan UniversitySahhari Mohammed Abdulrahman MohammedJazan UniversityRadwan Ismail Mohammed IJazan UniversityAlazmi Salim Ahmed HJazan UniversityRefaei Naif Abdulmajeed AJazan UniversityIbraheem Nasser Mansour ShammakhiJazan UniversityAli Ahmed Atiah RuwayniJazan UniversityMujeeb Alrhman Idaros MadkoorJazan UniversityHatim Ali Asiri HalawiJazan UniversityMousa Sulaiman GhazwaniJazan UniversityJournal Article20180903<strong>Background: </strong>urinary incontinence is a distressing common medical disease in which patient cannot control leakage of urine. The prevalence of urinary incontinence differs between countries and between different studies. The risk factors for urinary incontinence including increasing age, chronic cough, medical co-morbidity, childbirth, obesity, depression, smoking, gender and previous hysterectomy.
<strong>Aim of the work</strong><strong>: </strong>this study aimed to assess the prevalence of urinary incontinence in Saudi females and its associated risk factors.
<strong>Methods: </strong>this was a cross-section study based on a survey on the internet, it included 400 female participants with a minimum age of 30 years old.
<strong>Results: </strong>the prevalence of urinary incontinence was 44.25%, 66.3% of them were in age of 50 years and above. 43.5% of participants were obese, 19.5% were post-menopausal, 6.25% performed hysterectomy, 37.5 % had parity more than 3 times, 33% had depression and 35.5% had diabetes.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>prevalence of urinary incontinence was moderate. The most common risk factors for urinary incontinence were older age, menopause and high parity.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12291_d39f922d61a77dfc888effa346f43d6b.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Evaluation of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries289729051229210.12816/0042584ENRanda H. AbdullahDepartment of Radio-diagnosisRasha T. KhattabDepartment of Radio-diagnosisAhmed R. AhmedDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery
Faculty of Medicine - Ain Shams UniversityRaghad Mohammed HatifDepartment of Radio-diagnosisJournal Article20180903<strong>Background: </strong>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used more commonly in evaluation of knee trauma compared to other modalities. It is an excellent diagnostic tool that may help clinicians in the evaluation of injuries to menisci and ligaments, osseous structures, articular surfaces, and tendon, it plays an important role in clinical decision-making.
<strong>Aim of the Work: </strong>The aim of the study was to determine the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of injuries related to anterior cruciate ligament compared to arthroscopy.
<strong>Patients and Methods: </strong>This study included (20) ACL injury patients referred to the Radiology Department from the Orthopedics outpatient clinic department, Al-Demerdash Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University from December of 2016 to August of 2017. <strong>Results: </strong>eighteen (90%) male and 2 (10%) female patients were enrolled in this study. We found that sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were (90%, 70%, 71.4% 100%, 80 %) respectively in partial ACL injury. And the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy in complete ACL injury were (78.4%, 100%, 100%, 71.4%, 82 %) respectively. And the sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV and accuracy of medial meniscal tear were 99.8 %, 91.7%, 92.3%, 100%, 94% respectively and the sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV of lateral meniscal tear were 95.4%, 97.3%, 99%,100%, 98% respectively<strong>. Conclusion: </strong>MRI is now commonly used before diagnostic arthroscopy in most settings as an effective screening tool with most patients because it is faster, non-invasive and does not involve morbidity associated with arthroscopy. MRI findings before arthroscopy help in the management of meniscal and ligament injuries, ultimately improving patient outcome.
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https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12292_74abb3e1cd3024b9239e480e7237b25d.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude of Nurses towards Ionizing Radiation During Radiography in Jeddah City, 2017290629091229310.12816/0042590ENMohammed Ali AlzubaidiUmm AlQura universityHuda Hamad Al MutairiQassim universitySoliman Mohammed AlakelKing Abdulaziz UniversityHani Ahmed Saleh Al AbdullahKing Faisal UniversityIbrahim Abdullah AlbakriNajran UniversitySaleh Fahad Abdullah AlqahtaniKing Khalid UniversityJournal Article20180903<strong> </strong>
<strong>Background:</strong> The nurses working in radiation wards need to have an adequate knowledge about the risks and preventive measures of radiation exposure to protect themselves from health hazards of radiation as well as giving the patient the correct information about radiation exposure practices. Adiography in Jeddah city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). <strong>Methods:</strong> A cross sectional study was assessed among 300 nurses in Jeddah city from June 2017 to August 2017. All the nurses were interviewed then filled up a questionnaire sheet. The questionnaire included 3 parts and the first part comprised questions about the demographics of included subjects, the second and third parts included questions about the knowledge and attitude of nurses toward radiation. <strong>Results: </strong>The majority of nurses (65%) had adequate knowledge regarding the ionizing radiation risk factors and protective measures and about 35% had poor knowledge. The level of nurse’s attitude was good among 79% and poor among 21% toward ionizing radiation. The level of knowledge was significantly associated with the level of educational degree and magnitude of practical years of experience. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>the nurses’ radiation protection knowledge and attitude were good among most of nurses. However, there is a need for other educational safety programs to increase the knowledge of the rest of nurses.
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<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12293_aac071e4ad45d109dc0ae8d5f21f280e.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Effect of Social Media Network on Social Relations and Academic Achievement Among Medical Students291029171229410.12816/0042591ENAli Mohammad Ali AljabryJazan UniversityAhmed Ali Ahmed JaafariJazan UniversityMohammed Abdullah Mohammed SalawiJazan UniversityFahad Abdoh Taher MajrabiJazan UniversityNagi Mohammed Ahmed HazzaziJazan UniversityAhmed Hadi A KhormiJazan UniversityMohammad Ali Mousa DaghririJazan University, Abdulaziz Mohammed Abdullah AlfaqihJazan UniversityMohmmed Ahmad Mohmmed Al-harobiJazan UniversitySaud Abdulaziz Musa AlqahtaniJazan UniversityJournal Article20180903<strong>Background: </strong>Social networks influence the lives of individuals and communities. They have several advantages; however, they have many disadvantages including its adverse effect on social life and academic performance of students. They are reasons for time-consuming, individuals can even addict these sites.
<strong>Aim of the work: </strong>this study aimed to determine impact of social media on academic performance and social relationships as well as factors associated with social media and pattern of using social media.
<strong>Methods: </strong>This was an observational cross-sectional study which was conducted in Jazan University; it included 205 (45.1%) male students and 250 (54.9%) female medical students. A questionnaire was used to perform this study. SPSS was used to analyze data.
<strong>Results: </strong>The present results showed that the most common used sites were facebook (53%), 65.9% of students used social networks for more than three years, 58.5% used these sites for 2 to 4 hours. Gender was a significant factor regarding using Facebook and WhatsApp (P-value=0.001, 0.004 respectively), the only significance was found between the different academic years was regarding WhatsApp (P-value=0.001) which was commonly used by fourth-year students (46.1%). Both numbers of hours and using social media during lectures influenced study level (P-value=0.01, 0.021 respectively).
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>The most common social site used was Face book and the social media affected the academic performance of students negatively. Social media has both positive and negative effect on social relations.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12294_67e0ac8dad47e7e05d868f252ccbeb4c.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Lifestyle of Medical students at Qassim University291829291229510.12816/0042586ENTameem A AlhomaidQassim UniversityMajed WadiQassim UniversityMohannad M AlmaneaQassim UniversityAbdulrahman T AlTurkiQassim UniversityBakr F AlharbiQassim UniversityMuhannad M AldubaykhiQassim UniversityLayla M AlnashryTabuk UniversityBander A AlharbiQassim UniversityRakan M AlahmadQassim UniversitySulaiman S AlharbiQassim UniversityFahad O AlharbiQassim UniversityJournal Article20180903<strong>Background:</strong> Healthy lifestyle is an important element for success, especially for Medical students. It includes lots of items such as physical activity, diet, and sleep which we believe that these three items are the major for a healthy lifestyle. The aim of this study is to evaluate healthy and non-healthy behaviors including physical activity, diet and time devoted to sleep, leisure, stress, and smoking of medical students in Qassim region. <strong>Methodology:</strong> A cross-sectional study was targeted medical students at Qassim region in different cities (Buraydah and Unizah). A self-administered questionnaire was used. It included a domain for physical activity, time devoted for sleep, leisure, and smoking. <strong>Results:</strong> Around 714 medical students participated in this study, 467 (55.3%) males and 247 (44.7%) females. Regarding physical activity, it was found that one-third of the students excise 1-3 times per week. Regarding diet, 31% of students were always eating there breakfast. But, 81.8% were consuming fast food 1 to 6 times weekly. Furthermore, half of the students devoted 4-6 hours only for sleep during school days and during the weekend they sleep 7-9 hours. Time spent on a cell phone, computer, and surfing Internet (for leisure) was more than 4 hours for 32.5% during the week and it increases at the weekend to 51.9%. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lifestyle of the majority of the students were: did not sleep enough, did not exercise, consumed fast food, and spent much time in usage of a cellphone, which are common habits among medical students of both genders. These habitats had a significant impact on their overall satisfaction of life and may affect their academic performance and general health.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12295_49066af9a23da3f4cb44607a7a669fa0.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Senile Cataract in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia: Hospital Based Study293029341229610.12816/0042587ENWafa Mohammed Falah AlanaziFaculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, ArarNajah Salah F AlanaziFaculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, ArarHanan Khalid AlotaibiFaculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, ArarFatimah Fahad AltalebFaculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, ArarAseel Menwer AlanaziFaculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, ArarArwa Nughaymish AlanaziFaculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, ArarYusef Muhana AleneziFamily and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, KSA.Journal Article20180903<strong>Background:</strong> Senile cataract is an age-related, vision-impairing disease characterized by gradual progressive thickening of the lens of the eye. It is the world’s leading cause of treatable blindness.
The <strong>objective</strong> of this study was to identify the percentage and determinants of Senile Cataract in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia. <strong>Methods: </strong>The current study is a hospital based conducted in Arar Cental Hospital, for the period from 1/3/ 2016 to 30/9/2017. All elderly patients referred to or admitted to the hospital ocular department and who were clinically suspected to have Cataract were included in the study after obtaining an informed consent from them. Exclusion criteria included patients who refused to participate in the study. Data was collected through face to face interview and filling a questionnaire which included questions about age, sex of participants, signs and symptoms of cataract and it's complications, presence of comorbidities. <strong>Results: </strong>The study included 134 cases, 95.5% of the studied cases had Cataract, of them 53.9% were males and 46.1% females, 53.1% aged between 50-60. One third of the cases had cataract for less than one year, 37.5% for -2 years. Fifty five (43%) reported foggy vision, 17.2% see halos around the light, 15.6% reported problems in seeing bright colors, 12.5% problems with night vision and 11.7% reported fad in colors and 0.6% had complete blindness. Twenty nine (22.7%) of the cases had DM, 17.2% were obese, 16.4% had hypertension, 6.2% had IHD and 28.1% were smokers. Only 49.2% had cataract operation but succeeded in 28.9% of them. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found senile cataract in 95.5% of the studied old aged participants, there was high rates of no operated cataract in older people in North Saudi Arabia. Males had higher rates of cataract, and 0.6% had complete blindness.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12296_f22ca1044b861ae7cf0fff2c5cc1606b.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Knowledge of Community Population in Al Ahsaa about The Outcomes of ACL Injury,2017293529381229710.12816/0042588ENAli S Al-SultanKing Faisal UniversityMahdi Y AlYousefKing Faisal UniversityHassan A Al WtayyanKing Faisal UniversityMustafa A Bo KhamseenKing Faisal UniversityMohammed Nasser AlrasasiImam Abdulrhman Bin Faisal UniversityJournal Article20180903<strong>Background: </strong>The injury of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a common injury of the knee which needs an accurate medical management for avoidance of the complications. However, knowledge about the risk factors and effects of ACL are limited in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
<strong>Objectives:</strong> Assessing the knowledge of Saudi subjects about the effects of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury on daily activities in Al Ahsaa City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
<strong>Methods:</strong> A cross sectional study that included 700 Saudi subjects who were randomly chosen from June –August 2017. The volunteers were interviewed in shopping malls and filled out a questionnaire sheet that included information about their demographics and questions associated with ACL risk factors and outcomes. <strong>Results: About </strong>6% of subjects declared suffering from ACL injuries. The knowledge of respondents toward ACL injury definition, risk factors, symptoms, treatment and complications were inadequate among 71.3% of subjects.The good knowledge was significantly associated with the older age and male gender while the education level showed no association with knowledge score.
<strong>Conclusion: There was </strong>a lack of knowledge about ACL injuries among Saudi participants that need efficient educational campaigns for increasing the awareness about the etiology, risk factors, treatment and complications of ACL injuries.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12297_d8ff06f84eaed1732648499bb49a1e1a.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200269720171001Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude and Practice of Parents about Immunization in Jeddah City, 2017293929431229810.12816/0042589ENAhmed Abdullah Saleh AlenaziIbn sina National collegeReem Ahmed AlshareefBatterjee medical collegeFatimah Abduladhim AlabudibImam Abdulrahman bin Faisal UniversityAyah Jawad H AlmuqarrabKing Khalid UniversityJournal Article20180903<strong>Background: </strong>Immunization has shown a major preventive aspects of infectious diseases, disability and death. <strong>Objectives: </strong>Assessing the Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of Saudi parents in Jeddah City regarding the immunization programs for children, Saudi Arabia (KSA), 2017.
<strong>Methods: </strong>It is a cross sectional survey study that was carried among 600 different Saudi parents form different parts of Jeddah City for 3 months from May to July 2017. The parents completed a questionnaire that contains 4 different parts about the demographics, knowledge, attitude and practice of parents toward immunization. <strong>Results: </strong>The included parents have shown a high level of awareness about vaccination regarding the preventive measures and importance of vaccination which resulted in positive attitudes and practice pattern among most of them. The overall KAP was good among most of parents (87.2%). The higher KAP level was significantly associated with female gender, higher educational degree and having higher number of children. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most of Saudi parents had good KAP toward immunization which was associated with female gender and higher educational degrees. However, educational programs are still needed to increase the parents’ knowledge and practice especially among illiterate and less educated parents living in rural areas.https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12298_b42b2da227142a46784507f19bf2fefa.pdf