eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2003-04-01
11
1
1
14
10.21608/ejhm.2003.18714
18714
Original Article
Physiological Studies On The Efficacy Of Silymarin As Antioxidant Against The Disorders In Some Blood Constituents Induced By Irradiation In Female Rats.
Mohamed S. El-Gabry
1
Nabil A. El-Yamany
2
Hekmat M. Abou-Safi
3
Gehan R. Abdel-Hamid
4
Zoology Dept., Faculty of Science, Helwan University
Zoology Dept., Faculty of Science, Helwan University
Radiation Biology Dept., National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), P.O. Box 29 Nasr City, Cairo.
Radiation Biology Dept., National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), P.O. Box 29 Nasr City, Cairo.
This work was directed to evaluate the possible role of silymarin (a flavonoid used as antihepatoxic agent) as a prophylactic agent confronting radiation hazard. Eighty female albino rats were selected at the estrous stage and divided into four groups (G1 - G4): 1- Control. 2- Whole body γ-irradiated group with two doses 1 Gy and 6 Gy. 3- Silymarin orally administered group (10 mg / 100 g b. wt., twice daily for one week with the last dose 2 hours before blood sampling). 4- Silymarin administered as G3 then rats were irradiated after 2 hours. Blood samples were taken at 2 hours, 2 days and 2 weeks after the last silymarin dose (G3) or irradiation (G2 and G4). Irradiation induced significant declines in RBCs and WBCs count, Hg content and Hct % denoting a deleterious effect in a dose and time dependent manner. Yet, it produced high levels of plasma malondialdehyde, as the end product of lipid peroxidation, concomitant with reduced levels of blood glutathione indicating a depression in the antioxidant system. Dramatic increments in the plasma indices of liver (ALT, AST and alkaline phosphatase) and kidney (urea, uric acid and creatinine) functions were also recorded depicting a liver and kidney impairment state. Silymarin manifested good amelioration in the radiation-induced changes in the studied parameters. Hence, it could be concluded that silymarin plays a beneficial radioprotective role against radiation hazard in female rats which serves a great sector of women working in radiation application fields or those undergoing radiotherapy.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18714_829e1232dd74577f981efbeca838a138.pdf
eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2003-04-01
11
1
15
29
10.21608/ejhm.2003.18715
18715
Original Article
Histological and Histochemical Vascular Changes in Experimentally Induced Diabetic Rats
Ahmed El-kassaby
1
El-Sayed G. Khedr
2
A. Abdelmawgood
3
Mamdooh Ghaly
4
I. Atef
5
Moustafa El-Sawy
6
Department of Histology; Faculty of Medicine; Al-Azhar University; Cairo
Department of Histology; Faculty of Medicine; Al-Azhar University; Cairo
Department of Histology; Faculty of Medicine; Al-Azhar University; Cairo
Department of Histology; Faculty of Medicine; Al-Azhar University; Cairo
Department of Histology; Faculty of Medicine; Al-Azhar University; Cairo
Department of Histology; Faculty of Medicine; Al-Azhar University; Cairo
In this study, induction of diabetes in adult male albino rats by subcutaneous injection of alloxan was done, to evaluate its effects on some blood vessels (Aorta,Femoral and Renal arteries). Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into two groups, diabetic group, and control group, fifteen animals each. After 6 weeks rats were operated and paraffin as well as frozen sections of samples from the Aorta, Femoral and Renal arteries were prepared and stained with different histological and histochemical stains. Histological examination and statistical evaluation of the aorta of diabetic group has showed marked intimal thickening caused by infiltration of smooth muscles, which appear vacuolated. Moreover, the subintimal layer of the media has showed marked proliferation of smooth muscles, with thickened, fragmented elastic fibers, and increased collagen content. The mean ratio of the total areas occupied by collagen fibers was 18.5±1.6, and that of the smooth muscles was 19.8±1.0 in the media. That in turn was significantly increased (P<0.01) when compared to the control group (8.1±1.0) and (12.9±0.9) respectively. Also, the mean thickness of the adventitia was 258.8±4.0, and the mean number of fibroblasts was 41.5±1.7, was significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.01), which were 185.4±3.4 and 13.1±1.3 respectively. Histochemical results have showed presence of fatty material in the intima and media. Also, the mean optical density (O.D.) values of PAS positive materials was (0.36±0.01), which was significantly increased (P<0.01) than that of the control group (0.32±0.01). Similar results have been also detected in the femoral artery. Furthermore, the renal artery has showed thickening and fragmentation of the external elastic lamina. In conclusion,diabetes has a damaging effect on blood vessels leading to impairment of their functions.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18715_7fea936bb57c79ddfc80b078985e7e9a.pdf
eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2003-04-01
11
1
30
40
10.21608/ejhm.2003.18716
18716
Original Article
Antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects of vitamin A and vitamin C against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in mice
Sohair A Hassan
1
Mahmoud M Salem
2
olfat hamam
3
Medicinal Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
Zoology department, College of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Pathology DepartementTheodore Bilhars Institute Cairo, Egypt
Reactive oxygen radicals play an important role in various forms of liver injury. The present study was a trial to evaluate the efficacy of each of vitamin A&C in its clinical dose (80 mg / Kg ip) on experimental model of chronic liver injury in mice using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Animals were subdivided into four groups (control, CCl4 treated, CCl4+Vit.A and CCl4+Vit.C). Vitamin A&C were administrated 2 hours prior interaperitoneal administration of 0.2 ml / Kg CCl4 in mice. A significant decrease in serum Glutathione (GSH) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity along with marked elevation of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was recorded in response to CCl4 hepatotoxicity. An notable normalizing to this measured parameters was observed in the groups treated by vitamin A & C. On Histopathological basis, hydropic degeneration, steatotic changes and apoptosis was seen obviously in CCl4 treated group but partial improvement in the previous parameters was noted in vitamin A & C treated groups in spite of vitamin C seemed to be less effective as far as vitamin A. These results theorized that vitamin A & C may have a potency to increase the antioxidant and antiapoptotic defense system activity in the CCl4 treated mice.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18716_37b82608979d2399100adfb156791a9d.pdf
eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2003-04-01
11
1
41
49
10.21608/ejhm.2003.18717
18717
Original Article
Interleukin –1 Receptor Antagonist Gene Polymorphism and Malignant lymphomas
Mona Hilmy Alrayes
1
Department of Clinical Pathology, Girls` Faculty of Medicine, Alazhar University
Background and objectives: The functional polymorphisms regulating immunologic responses may influence the proliferation or suppression of malignant lymphoma. Polymorphism of a specific gene can have an important effect on gene transcription, the stability of the mRNA, or the quantity and activity of the resulting protein. Interleukin –1 (IL-1) gene cluster polymorphisms have been shown to be important mediators of inflammation. This study aimed to determine whether polymorphisms at IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) locus modulate the risk of developing malignant lymphoma. Methods: the hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Epidemiology and Genetics Unit, Algernon Firth Building, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT. Genotypes were determined for a variable length polymorphism in intron 2 of the IL-1ra gene (IL-1RN) using PCR based technique. Genotypes were examined in a total of 279 lymphoma cases, 60 Hodgkin’s disease (HD) cases and 464 non-cancer control subjects. Results: The overall allele distribution of these polymorphisms did not differ substantially between patients and controls; the odds ratio (OR) was 0.72 and 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.5-1.03 for the allele 2 carriers of IL-1RN. Subgroup analysis according to histology [diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBC) and follicular cell lymphoma (FCC)] failed to illustrate differences except for DLBC which showed a significant deficit of the 2/2 genotype in the older DLBC cases, i.e. that the IL-1RN*2/*2 genotype is protective for cases in the 60-65 years group compared to the 1/1 genotype (OR = 0.25 & 95% CI=0.09 – 0.67). On the other hand the IL-1RN*2/*2 genotype was a risk for HD cases (OR=2.27 & 95% CI=1.22-4.24). Conclusion: The data of this study show a limited association between IL-1 RN gene polymorphisms and malignant lymphoma risk in total. IL-1RN*2/*2 is associated with increased risk to HD. The possible protection role/risk association of the IL-1RN*2/*2 genotype and DLBC/HD respectively needs further clarification
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18717_16db2a27631187c8c3a761a4aaeb17ba.pdf
eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2003-04-01
11
1
50
57
10.21608/ejhm.2003.18718
18718
Original Article
Single Prophylactic Dose Of Dexamethasone Antiemetic Versus Ondansteron In Patients Undergoing Middle Ear Surgery: A Comparative Clinical And Experimental Animal Study
Khaled Taha
1
Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
This prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study in which 150 ASA I-II patients scheduled for middle ear surgery were randomized into three equal groups. The dexamethasone group (group D) received a single dose of dexamethasone 10 mg IV at induction of anesthesia, ondansetron group (group O) received 4 mg IV ondansetron and the control group (group C) received 5 ml saline IV as placebo by the same technique. The study demonstrated that the incidence of early postoperative nausea, retching and vomiting (PONV) was significantly greater in the placebo group than the dexamethasone group (P<0.001) and the ondansetron group (P<0.001), indeed the incidence was comparable in the dexamethasone and ondansetron groups (P> 0.05). More over, the severity of late PONV (6-24h) was markedly less in the dexamethasone group than the ondansetron group (P< 0.05) and still the incidence of late PONV was markedly less in both dexamethasone and ondansetron groups than the control group (P< 0.001). The study also reported that postoperative analgesic requirement was notably lower in the dexamethasone group than the ondansetron and control groups. An experimental animal study was also done to assess the extrapyramidal reaction associated with the use of both dexamethasone and ondansetron. Increasing doses of both drugs were given IV to the rats, up to 5 times the therapeutic dose of each drug. The rats then stimulated for 24h after injection by light, sound and 6 volt electric current in the Rat Conditioning Chamber. No one rat developed akathisa or acute dystonic reaction. In conclusion, dexamethasone and ondansetron were quite effective and have limited side-effects profile when given as single prophylactic antiemetic doses in patients undergoing middle ear surgery. The advantages of dexamethasone over ondansetron were its prolonged antiemetic effect, its analgesic effect and the lower cost.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18718_645fdda03f53619b5e0b52d2788af75c.pdf
eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2003-04-01
11
1
58
73
10.21608/ejhm.2003.18719
18719
Original Article
Comparative Histopathological Evaluation of Permethrin, Pirimiphos Methyl and Bendiocarb Toxicities in Testes, Liver and kidney of rat.
Afaf L. Nessiem
1
Nahed S. bassily
2
Salwa A. Metwally
3
National Organization for Drug Control and Research NODCAR, Egypt
National Organization for Drug Control and Research NODCAR, Egypt
National Organization for Drug Control and Research NODCAR, Egypt
The increasing use of insecticides in agriculture and in public health calls for greater attention for studying their possible toxic effect (s) on man and animals. Acute toxic effects have been relatively well known whereas chronic effects require further studies. The aim of the present work was, therefore, to study the histopathological changes in testes, liver and kidney of rats due to 30 days feeding on diet containing permethrin, pirimiphos methyl and bendiocarb. The dose used for each insecticide represented a concentration that equals ten times the acceptable human daily intake. These doses are far below the LD50, but represent possible exposure doses. Forty male Sprague- Dawley rats were divided into 4 equal groups. Animals of each group were fed either by normal diet, or diet mixed with permethrin (21.739 ppm), pirimiphos methyl (4.350 ppm) or bendiocarb (2ppm) for 30 days. Histological sections of testes, liver and kidneys were examined and histopathological changes and quantitative estimates were recorded. Incidence of spermatogenic suppression, Leydig cell atrophy and vacuolation of Sertoli cells were most prominent in testicular sections from primiphos methyl treated animal testis than in animals of the other groups. Peremethrin feeding resulted in the least deteriorative changes. In sections of liver, dilatation and congestion of blood sinusoids was most evident in the group treated with primiphos methyl and to less extent in those treated with bendiocarb. Swollen hepatocytes with pyknotic nuclei and incidence of apoptosis were also recorded. In kidney sections, vacuolar degeneration, tubular and capsular dilatation, and glomerular congestion were observed especially in primiphos methyl treated rats. In conclusion, the obtained changes were of different severity as a response of exposure to permethrin, pirimiphos methyl or bendiocarb at the same equivelant of human acceptable daily intake.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18719_827f9d2715b7a11d2cfd4b88928c8f53.pdf
eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2003-04-01
11
1
74
89
10.21608/ejhm.2003.18720
18720
Original Article
Preoperative Assessment of Different Treatment Modalities in Bronchial Asthma Patients
Kawther A. Azzam
1
Sahar S. Khattab
2
Departments of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University
Departments of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University
This study was performed to assess the effectiveness of acupuncture and medical therapies of bronchial asthma preoperatively. Sixty patients suffered from mild to moderate bronchial asthma and coming for elective operations were chozen from the outpatient clinic of Al-Zahraa University Hospital. Patients were randomly divided into three equal groups (n=20 each). Group I patients (drug group) received oral theophylline and Salbutamol (ventolin) inhaler according to the needs. Group II patients (drug +ear acupuncture group) received same medical treatment as in group I and added ear acupuncture. Group III patients (drug + ear and body acupuncture group) received same medical treatment as in group I and II and added ear and body acupuncture. Ventilatory function tests through spirometer and interleukin-13 estimation were performed before treatment and after two weeks of treatment. Improvement of subjective and objective parameters had occurred with significant decrease in the mean serum level of interleukin-13 and decrease in the mean number of using b-agonist puffs after two weeks of treatment in the three groups, with the best results being in group III than in group II and then in group I. Conclusion: Interleukin-13 estimation togheter with ventilatory function tests is a useful parameter for pre-operative assessment and evaluation of asthmatic patients. Also medication was significantly reduced when combined with acupuncture.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18720_0547ed04ad2c8800507e323ba308e6af.pdf
eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2003-04-01
11
1
90
100
10.21608/ejhm.2003.18721
18721
Original Article
Enteroviral infections in cases of miscarriage
Eman A. Mohamed
1
Daad F.I. El Fouhil
2
Soad E. Abdel Rehim
3
Jaylan A. Ali
4
Salwa E. Abdel Hamid
5
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al–Azhar University
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al–Azhar University
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al–Azhar University
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al–Azhar University
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al–Azhar University
To investigate enteroviral infections as possible causes of miscarriage in pregnant women, 100 women with miscarriage were studied, 75 of whom had miscarriage before the 13th week of gestation (group A) and 25 had miscarriage after the 13th week of gestation (group B). Placental tissue samples were taken from all women and were investigated for the presence of enteroviruses by cell culture in Vero cell line. The viral isolates of cell culture positive samples were subjected to neutralization test for typing, and to reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) for detection of enteroviral RNA. It was found that 36 out of 100 placental tissue samples (36%) were cell culture positive as they showed enterovirus – like cytopathic effect (CPE) in Vero cell culture, including 29/75 samples (38.7%) from group A and 7/25 samples (28%) from group B, with statistically insignificant difference in results between both groups (P>0.05). All the 36 viral isolates of the cell culture positive samples were untypable by neutralization test with the available enteroviral antisera, while 26 of these isolates (72.2%) were positive for enteroviral RNA by RT–PCR, comprising 21/29 isolates (72.4%) from group A and 5/7 isolates (71.4%) from group B, with no statistically significant difference in results between both groups (P>0.05). The remaining 10 viral isolates were negative for enteroviral RNA by RT–PCR and were attributed to other CPE producing viruses which may induce miscarriage. As 26 out of 100 samples (26%) were positive in both cell culture and RT–PCR, thus the obtained incidence of enteroviral infections among cases of miscarriage was 26%. This incidence is considered to be a quite high one, needing further attention and studies. No relation was found between age or parity and enteroviral infections in the studied groups. Enteroviruses may be considered as important causative agents of miscarriage, and enteroviral infections should be investigated in all cases of miscarriage. Further studies including typing of enteroviral isolates from cases of miscarriage by sequencing are recommended.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18721_f1a0b476dc24a4ea27989263c583ed38.pdf
eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2003-04-01
11
1
101
111
10.21608/ejhm.2003.18722
18722
Original Article
Immunohistochemical Expression of Estrogen And Progesterone Receptors in Neuroendocrine Breast Carcinomas
Naser M. anwer
1
Ahmed H. Abdel-Rahman
2
Ahmed S. Salem
3
Abdel- Ghany Awad Essa
4
Departments of Pathology, Al-Azhar University
Al-Azhar University
Al-Azhar University
Departments of General Surgery, Al-Azhar University
Neuroendocrine (NE) breast carcinomas are defined by the diffuse expression of NEmarkers. They may coexpress NE and non-NE substances such as glycoproteins and apocrine protein “divergent differentiation”. In the present study, twenty NE-breast carcinomas, expressing chromogranin A (CgA) and neurone specific enolase (NSE) were selected from a series of two hundreds retrospective breast carcinomas, in addition to ten normal breast tissue biopsies taken as control. The NE-tumors were graded into G1, G2 & G3 and were divided according to the mucin expression into group 1 (Mucinous NE-tumors) and group 2 (other variants that did not express mucin). Each group included 10 cases. Immunohistochemistry was applied to paraffin sections for investigating CgA & NSE expression as well as estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER & PR) status. Group 1 tumors fell within lower grades than those of group 2. Moreover, ER & PR positivity rates were 75% & 65% respectively. Also, ER expression was not significantly correlated with NE phenotype (P = 0.14) or with grade (P = 0.24) while PR expression was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (P = 0.02) and in G1, G2 than G3 (P = 0.04) Both steroid receptors coexpression was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 tumors (P = 0.05) and found in G1 and G2 but not in G3 tumors. Finally, ER and PR were coexpressed, although fewer & sporadic, in all control biopsies (100%) compared to its presence only in 45% of the studied NE tumors. The study concluded that NE-breast tumors, producing high level of NE markers were specific entity and those coexpressing ER & PR might possess a multidirectional differentiation. Moreover, it may appear quite necessary to define estrogen & progesterone receptors status in NE breast carcinomas so as to decide, whether or not to try hormone therapy as adjuvant treatment modality in these tumors.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18722_fdd673f6d3ec267287e01ed049e18d3c.pdf
Immunohistochemistry
Estrogen Receptors
Progesterone Receptors
Neuroendocrine
Breast carcinoma
eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2003-04-01
11
1
112
125
10.21608/ejhm.2003.18723
18723
Original Article
Serum Iron, Serum Ferritin and Hepatic Iron Content as a Predictive Values for Combined Therapy of Chronic Hepatitis C Patients
NM El-Kholy
1
BM Saleh
2
SH Ragab
3
AM Khalil
4
SH El-Shazly
5
YA El-Hosary
6
Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine for Girls Al Azhar University
Medicine Liver Institute, Menofeya University
Clinical Pathology National Research Center
Pathology Department Cairo University
Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine for Girls Al Azhar University
Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine for Girls Al Azhar University
This Study was carried out on 40 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus who were selected with special inclusion criteria. All cases were subjected to evaluation by liver function tests (especially transaminases), HCV RNA (by PCR quantitative method), serum iron and serum ferritin. Liver biopsy was taken for histopathological study and detection of iron content. According to hepatic iron staining in liver biopsies of the 40 patients, the patients were classified into 4 groups (0, I, II, III hepatic iron grade) (20, 10, 8, 2 cases) respectively. All the patients were subjected to combined therapy (ribavirin and interferon alpha 2b) for 6 ms. then the patients were evaluated for the biochemical response (AST, ALT) virological response (HCV RNA viraemia) and histopathological response. Also serum iron, Serum ferritin and hepatic changes were estimated. This study revealed that there was a statistical significant difference in hepatic iron grade 0, I and II with no statistical significant difference in grade III hepatic iron as regards AST and ALT before and after the therapy. Also there was statistical significant difference in serum ferritin before and after therapy only in grade 0 and I hepatic iron although there was no significant difference found as regard serum iron level changes in all grades of hepatic iron before and after therapy. For the virological response there was a statistical significant difference as regards undetectable viraemia after therapy in total patients (30%) and in patients with hepatic iron grade 0 (45%) while no significant difference found in patients with grade I hepatic iron (30%), although no patients were found to have undetectable viraemia after therapy in grade II and III hepatic iron. For the histopathological response there was a statistical significant improvement of necroinflammatory activity score in hepatic iron grades 0, I and II while no significant improvement found in hepatic iron grade III after the course of the treatment compared to baseline biopsies (before the treatment) Also for the changes of fibrosis stages after therapy, there was no significant improvement in total cases and in patients with different hepatic iron grades. Out of 20 patients with hepatic iron staining (grades I, II, III) before therapy, only in 4 cases improved the hepatic iron staining after therapy with no statistical significant change.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18723_994b9e14b711c3a0fd5bf0c563456e9b.pdf