@article { author = {Abdel-Aal, Ahmed M. and Kasem, Mohammad A. and Abdel-Rahman, Ahmed H.}, title = {Evaluation of the Role of Apoptosis in Vitiligo: Immunohistochemical Expression of P53, Bcl-2 and MART-1 Antigens}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {1-11}, year = {2002}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.21608/ejhm.2002.18740}, abstract = {It is clear that melanocytes are absent from the vitiliginous skin. However, the mechanism of melanocyte disappearance has never been clearly understood. It is not clear whether melanocyte loss in vitiligo results from apoptosis or other causes of cell death. A very few data were published about the role of apoptosis in vitiligo. To investigate the role of apoptosis in vitiligo, ten biopsies from patients and ten normal control biopsies were taken from the skin of the thigh by the scalped biopsy technique. Each biopsy included adjacent areas of the lesional, peri-lesional and non-lesional skin. All subjects were males selected at Al-Housein University Hospital and ranged between 25 to 43 years in age. The expression of MART-1 protein as a melanocyte marker, Bcl-2 as an antiapoptotic molecule and P53 as a proapoptotic molecule were evaluated by the immunoperoxidase technique and computerized image analysis. The study revealed complete absence of MART-1 positive melanocytes in the lesional skin, gradual appearance in the peri-lesional areas and showed no significant difference between the non-lesional areas and the normal skin (P=0.43). The melanocytic Bcl-2 expression was higher in normal skin than the non-lesional area, lower in the peri-lesional areas and lowest in the lesional areas (p<0.05). Conversely, more expression of melanocytic P53 was seen in the lesional than the peri-lesional areas, lower in the nonlesional skin and lowest in the normal skin (p<0.05). Accordingly, the study revealed more susceptibility to apoptosis in the vitiliginous skin than in normal skin. We hope that these data can help in understanding the pathogenesis and the progression of this disease as well as providing better lines of its treatment.}, keywords = {apoptosis,Bcl-2,p53,Immunohistochemistry,melanocytes,Vitiligo}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18740.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18740_f161529e866a2db81f08c99305c305de.pdf} } @article { author = {Mowafy, Mowafy Emam and Borhan, Wafaa H. and Khowailed, Akef A.}, title = {Conventional TENS Efficacy on Autonomic Function and MCV of the Neuropathic Tibial Nerve}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {12-17}, year = {2002}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.21608/ejhm.2002.18741}, abstract = {This study has been conducted to determine efficacy of conventional TENS on the autonomic function by assessing the big toe skin temperature (TST) and the motor conduction velocity (MCV) of the neuropathic tibial nerve. Thirty neuropathic patients (20 males, and 10 females) ranging in age from 30 to 50 years (X= 45.41±1.16) who were divided into 3 groups of equal number (two study and one control) and consented to receive 40 Hz and 80 Hz conventional TENS along the tibial nerve course for the first and second study groups respectively, while the third (control group) received placebo TENS. Both TST and MCV were recorded before and immediately after treatment (one session for 25 minutes). Treatment and data collection procedures were done in air conditioned room with the ambient room temperature was adjusted within the comfortable zone between 24ºC to 28ºC. Data collected showed a significant differences in both TST and MCV in meter/ second, in the first study group (P<0.05) and in the second study group (p<0.001). While there was no significant differences in the control group (p>0.05). There was a correlation between the TST and MCV in both study and control groups. The 80 Hz conventional TENS was more fruitful in enhancing the autonomic and electrophysiological functions of the neuropathic tibial nerve as manifested by the increased TST and MCV than 40Hz conventional TENS.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18741.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18741_85216173696d6a0d555e7481c4352440.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Shenawy, Nahla S. and Soliman, Maha F. M.}, title = {On The Interaction between Induced Diabetes Mellitus and Schistosomiasis: Mechanism and Protection}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {18-31}, year = {2002}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.21608/ejhm.2002.18742}, abstract = {In this study mice were percutaneously exposed to 50 S. mansoni cercariae. Seven weeks post infection (pi), infected mice were either injected i.p. a single dose of alloxan (200 mg kg-1 ) or treated with a single dose of alloxan followed, three days later, with daily i.p. treatment of ethanolic extract of Cleome droserifolia (0.31 g kg-1 ) for 18 days. Diabetes mellitus (DM) affected characteristics of Schistosoma infection as shown in alteration of oogram pattern, impairing of egg maturation and lowering of faecal egg output. However, extract treatment (EXT) affected the previously mentioned aspects in addition to its remarkable effect on worm load, diminishing of hepatic granulomas and suppressing the formation of involutional granulomas. Results indicated that DM increased the complications of schistosomiasis that was manifested by the augmented increase of serum glucose level, the severe decrease of serum thyroid hormones (tri-iodothyronine; T3 and tetra-iodo-thyronin; T4), insulin levels, liver glycogen content and hepatic DNA. In addition, a decrease in hepatic GSH that was accompanied by an increase in serum uric acid were observed in infected-DM mice. Serum total proteins concentrations were obviously decreased and some of protein fractions were also decreased or absent in both infected and infected-DM mice except for gamma globulin that was increased in both groups. EXT succeeded efficiently to alleviate these alterations in infecteddiabetic mice, to various extents. The beneficial effects of EXT on thyroid and pancreatic hormones status seem to be contradictory to its beneficial anti-schistosomiasis effects. This contradiction may suggest that EXT exerts its beneficial effects through its direct effects on the parasite, not secondary to its effect on the host. The current results showing differential effects of both diabetes and extract on schistosomiasis, though both are beneficial, serve to corroborate this hypothesis.}, keywords = {Schistosoma masoni,Diabetes mellitus,parasite load,biochemistry,Granuloma,nuclear contents}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18742.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18742_f5a0af3c106333cde004615964cd7ccd.pdf} } @article { author = {Mowafy, Mowafy Emam and Borhan, Wafaa H. and Khowailed, Akef A}, title = {Effect of Ankle Joint Inversion Trauma on Common Peroneal Nerve MCV}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {32-36}, year = {2002}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.21608/ejhm.2002.18743}, abstract = {This study has been conducted to determine effect of ankle joint inversion trauma on common peroneal nerve motor conduction velocity (MCV). Twenty patients (8 males and 12 females) who were 30 to 45 years of age (X=33.75+1.15) participated in this study. They received the same medical care and manual tests for the inversion trauma. The involved lower limbs were considered the experimental group, while the normal contralateral lower limbs were considered the control group for all the twenty patients. Measurements of the MCV were carried out 10 days post trauma as a first record and one month post trauma as a second record for the both groups. Data collected for the first record showed that averages of MCV (m/sec), were 29.50+2.14 and 42.45+3.08 for the experimental and control groups respectively. While data collected for the second record showed that averages of MCV (m/sec), were 31.02+2.25 and 42.80+3.11 for the experimental and control groups respectively. Results showed a highly significant reduction in MCV for the first record in the experimental group, and in the second record for the experimental group, MCV was still significantly reduced. Results of this study support the hypothesis that inversion ankle trauma is frequently accompanied by peroneal nerve lesions. Also suggest that MCV measurements can be a valuable tool in evaluating more objectively the functional instability of the ankle joint.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18743.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18743_4febcd324da0611aa273a1eca8b3a9b1.pdf} } @article { author = {EL-Yamani, Ragab H. and Soliman, Maha G.}, title = {Interleukins & Fetal Fibronectin Levels In Preterm Delivery}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {37-49}, year = {2002}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.21608/ejhm.2002.18744}, abstract = {Although the prevention of preterm birth remains the most important challenge in obstetrics, the mechanism for the onset of preterm labor has not been fully explained. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the usefulness of cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin and certain cytokines (interleukin-1B and interleukin-8) levels during pregnancy as markers of preterm and term delivery. This study was performed on 130 pregnant women at 24 to 29 years old age. The women were classified into group I (women not in labor, n=65) and group II (women with spontaneous labor, n=65). Each group was classified into two subgroups [preterm delivery (<37 weeks gestation, n=40) and full term delivery (>37 weeks gestation, n=25)]. We obtained cervicovaginal swabs for fetal fibronectin and cervicovaginal fluids for cytokines determination. The present study revealed that fetal fibronectin, IL- lB and IL-8 levels were significantly higher in patients in preterm labor than in patients at preterm not in labor. They were significantly higher in women at full term in labor than in women at full term not in labor. Interleukin- lB and IL-8 obtained from women not in labor increased exponentially as gestational age increased, and the cytokines levels were significantly correlated. This study revealed that cervicovaginal measurement of fetal fibronectin, IL-lB and IL-8 in combination with clinical findings may be useful for the evaluation of patients with threatened premature delivery.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18744.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18744_edd9502601f78e038422362c76052d5d.pdf} } @article { author = {Elnokaly, Azza A. and Ismaeil, Abdel-Mawgoud A.}, title = {Response of Intestinal Mucosa to Trichinosis in immunized and nonimmunized Albino Rat}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {50-61}, year = {2002}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.21608/ejhm.2002.18745}, abstract = {The intestinal mucosa is reported to be greatly affected by infestation by Trichinella spiralis. The infestation by the worm is also controlled by intestinal tissue factors including cytokines and immune response. Vaccination with larval muscle antigen was reported to be of limited effect. However, vaccination with adult worm crude antigen may infer better protection. The aim of this work is to relate the histological, morphometric and immunological response of the intestinal mucosa of T.spiralis infested rat to worm burden, female fecundity and worm expulsion before and after immunization with crude antigen of the adult worm. This relationship is expected to give better evaluation of immunization by this antigen. 45 adult albino rats were allotted among three equal groups: control, T.spiralis infested and immunized infested group. Infection was done by 300 freshly isolated infective T.spiralis larvae. Five rats from each group were sacrificed at the end of the first, second and third week of infestation. The efficacy of immunization was assessed weekly by measuring adult worm burden and female fecundity, in relation to changes in the histological appearance, relative villus length, number of goblet, and mast cells and the amount of histamine in the intestine. The results indicated that the worm burden was at its peak by the end of the first week after infestation. The mean protection value due to immunization in this parameter was 67%. Immunization resulted in a protection value relative to larval emergence of 38%. Maximum changes in the host tissue parameters were detected a week after that of worm burden. Measurement of the host intestinal response represented 78% change in villus/crypt ratio, 13.3% in number of goblet cells in the villus and 16.22 in the crypts, 22.5% in mast cell number and 16.8% in histamine content. The results indicate that immunization by crude antigen of the adult T.spiralis has a protective effect of the intestinal mucosa of the host due to inhibition of worm vitality and larval emergence. Mast cell production of histamine and goblet cell secretion of mucins could also play a role in protection.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18745.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18745_7687a3fb6d7213024900846d0a8ead77.pdf} } @article { author = {Elmaghraby, T}, title = {Protective effect of deoxynucleotide triphosphates on DNA damage in different mammalian cells exposed to -radiation}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {62-69}, year = {2002}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.21608/ejhm.2002.18746}, abstract = {DNA is generally considered to be the most critical cellular target when considering the lethal, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of drugs, radiation and environmental chemicals. So the study aim to the determination the damaging effect of -radiation on DNA and the protective effect of deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs). The study includes three cell types, lymphocytes, kidney cells of African gree monkey (Vero) and hepatocellular carcinoma of human (HePG2) exposed to 1-5 Gy of -radiation and by using fluorometric analysis of DNA unwinding (FADU) method, DNA damage was measured after radiation. The cells were divided into two groups: The first received 5x10-5 dNTPs from 0-30 minutes after radiation, while the second group was not supplemented with deoxynucleotides. Clonogenic survival for vero and HePG2 cell lines was measured. The results revealed that the increase of irradiation dose precipitates an increase of DNA strand breaks. The slope curve of initial DNA damage and mean inactivation dose (D ) differ between vero and HepG2 cell line by a factor of up 3.5 and 2, respectively. dNTPs have clear ameliorating effect on DNA damage. FADU method can play an important role in the choice of a suitable treatment (radiation or drugs) and its dosage according to measurement of DNA damages in selective malignant tissues. Moreover, using dNTPs mixture can reduce the side effect of these treatment especially after experimentally on live mammals (mice).}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18746.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18746_49516bc5d7417f60c34727846905d361.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdallah, Inas Z.A.}, title = {Physiological Changes Induced by Long Term Administration of Saccharin Compared with Aspartame to Male Albino Rats}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {70-81}, year = {2002}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.21608/ejhm.2002.18747}, abstract = {Artificial sweeteners have been in use by food industries for a long time. Safety concerns raised about artificial sweeteners since they are widely used nowadays. The present work aims to study the possible changes in body weight, blood picture, liver functions, blood glucose and liver glycogen content as well as histopathological changes induced in liver and urinary bladder of male albino rats after administration of two artificial sweeteners (saccharin or aspartame). Male rats were administered saccharin (50 mg/kg b.w.) or aspartame (100 mg/kg b.w.) daily by intragastric gavage for 14 weeks. The results revealed that both saccharin and aspartame provoked highly significant reduction in body weight gain %. Saccharin exerted highly significant reduction in haemoglobin (Hb) level, haematocrit (Hct%) and red blood cells (RBCs) count, while aspartame induced insignificant changes in all haematological parameters. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity levels were significantly increased with saccharin and aspartame. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in serum showed slightly insignificant increase by saccharim administration, while aspartame caused a significant rise in ALP. Blood glucose level of rats given saccharin significantly dropped, while aspartame caused a significant elevation in blood glucose level. Liver glycogen content of rats given saccharin significantly increased, while aspartame caused a significant reduction in liver glycogen content. Microscopic examination of liver sections showed lymphocytic and macrophages infiltration of the portal traid in rats administered saccharin, while aspartame group showed no histopathological changes except slight hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes. Urinary bladder sections of rats administered saccharin revealed proliferation of the mucosal epithelial cells into papillary invaginated projections with highly vascularized connective tissue core and mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltration, while aspartame group showed no histopahtological alterations. It could be recommended that the use of saccharin as an artificial sweetener should be restricted, while aspartame should not be administered to diabetic. When it is necessary to use artificial sweeteners, fresh fruits and vegetables should be ingested as they act as scavengers for the liberated free radicals and help to delay the postprandial rise in blood glucose level.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18747.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18747_7b53d5a7c5d7217b2b07dbd20c2b6532.pdf} } @article { author = {Hassan, Hoda A. and Mokhar, Amal Ahmed and Gad, Adila M. and Abdel Aleem, Amal}, title = {Study of Interleukin-1ß in Essential Hypertension}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {82-87}, year = {2002}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.21608/ejhm.2002.18748}, abstract = {The observation of increased blood interleukin 1ß levels in subjects with hypertension is a finding that raises the hypothesis that the immune mechanisms may be involved in the atherogenic cascade . Our aim in this study was to investigate the possible interrelations between blood pressure, lipid profile and IL-1ß to clarify the possible participation of this cytokine in the cascade phenomena presented during the process of essential hypertension (EH) such as atherogenesis. 28 hypertensive patients and 10 healthy volunteers served as control matched for age and sex were included. IL-1ß (enzyme immunoassay), total cholesterol , triglycerides, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were estimated. Significant elevation of IL- 1ß in hypertensive patients in comparison to the control was found with positive correlation between IL- 1ß and diastolic. Systolic and the mean Blood pressure r=0.16, 0.046 and 0.28 respectively . Also the study showed positive correlation between IL-1ß and body mass index (r=0.42), serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and negative one with TG while no correlation was found with HDL cholesterol TG. Elevated IL-1ß levels in subjects with EH may be related causally to the role of immunologic mechanisms in the development of EH and even to the atherogenic cascade.Thus we can suggest that the presence of high levels of IL-1ß may be an additional risk factor for atherogenesis in patients with EH}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18748.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18748_fd43529f0a2c9895349e92345b9b8b72.pdf} } @article { author = {Elsafty, Omar and Hamed, Ahmed M.S. and Wadie, Sherif and Kamel, Maged M.}, title = {Comparative study of Ropivacaine versus Bupivacaine for pediatric caudal block}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {88-93}, year = {2002}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.21608/ejhm.2002.18749}, abstract = {Ropivacaine is a long acting amino-amide local anesthetic, it is less cardiotoxic and less likely to cause motor blockade than bupivacaine. In our study we compared the effectiveness, degree of motor block produced by either ropivacaine or bupivacaine as well as the onset and duration of both drugs. Fourty children ASA I scheduled for elective minor lower abdominal surgery were randomly allocated to receive a single caudal extradural injection of 1ml/ kg of either ropivacaine 0.375% r group (n=20) or bupivacaine 0.375 % b group (n=20) after induction of general anesthesia. Heart rate and arterial blood pressure were measured every 5 minutes from the beginning of G. A. until the child is transferred to the ward. The extent of motor block in the recovery room was scored according to modified Bromage scale , time to first analgesic requirement were recorded. Both groups were similar in age, weight, and there were no difference in heart rate or arterial blood pressure. Yet the degree of motor block was significantly different between the two groups. Ropivacaine group showed a shorter duration of motor block than bupivacaine group, postoperative analgesia was required at almost equal time in both groups. These findings suggest that there is no great difference between ropivacaine compared with bupivacaine as regard the hemodynamics or sensory block, yet ropivacaine is superior for it s safety and less motor block.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18749.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18749_3b16512ac6c6bdfe5cc26ee4af78c373.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd-Allah, Wafaa and Hassan, Sohair A and Hafez, Faten E and Faruk, Hafez}, title = {Clinical importance of P53 and P21 determination as a biomarkers in bladder cancer and bilharzial patients}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {94-103}, year = {2002}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.21608/ejhm.2002.18750}, abstract = {The present study was made to shed more light on the clinical importance of early detection of bladder cancer using p53 and p21 mutant proteins as a biomarkers using simple, applicable ELISA techniques. Serum samples were collected from 70 patients , the first group included 50 bladder cancer patients, the second included 20 bilharzial patients ,while the third group consisted of 20 healthy individuals used as control. P53 wild and mutant types showed significant changes (p<0.02 and <0.007,respectively ) in bilharzial patients. Also they showed significant changes in bladder cancer patients with (+ve) lymph node (p<0.02 and p<0.01, respectively) when compared to control as well as it showed great differences between low and high grade ( p< 0.01 and p<0.001) for wild and mutant type. Moreover p53 showed higher sensitivity levels for mutant and wild type in both bilharzial 19.5, 31.2 compared to 23.9 and 35.9%, respectively in bladder cancer one . P21 mutated amino acids were proved to be of significant values in bladder cancer group (p<0.001) compared to bilharzial group. The p21 mutated amino acids showed a correlation with different histological grades for bladder patients, while ARG12 and ASP13 were highly related to bladder cancer with bilharzial history with the notion that ASP13 achieved high sensitivity level to bladder cancer group 91% and 83% for those of bladder cancer with bilharzial history .In conclusion the results of the present study revealed that determination of both p53 and p21 are of great value in the early detection and follow up of bladder cancer patients and screening for risky bilharzial ones.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18750.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18750_38877f003b183110c07bf998c83cc050.pdf} } @article { author = {Swellam, Asharf Mahmood A. and Helal, Tarek Ali}, title = {The minimum effective intravenous dose of ondansetron for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after adenotonsillectomy in dexamethasone pretreated children}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {104-115}, year = {2002}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.21608/ejhm.2002.18751}, abstract = {Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains a distressing and common problem after tonsillectomy with an incidence ranging from 40-73% in those who did not receive prophylactic antiemetic. This study was done to identify the minimum effective IV dose of ondansetron to decrease the incidence and severity of PONV in the dexamethasone (150ug/kg) pretreated children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. In this prospective, randomized, doubleblinded, placebo-controlled study, 150 children (3-12 years old) received dexamethasone 150g/kg IV (maximum 8mg) premedication were randomly assigned to receive either placebo (saline) or ondansetron in a dose of 25, 50, 75 or 150g/kg IV immediately after induction of anesthesia. All children received standardized perioperative care, including surgical and anesthetic techniques, IV fluid, postoperative analgesic and rescue antiemetic (RAE). The incidence and severity of PONV were recorded in a standardized fashion at the intervals 0-2, 2- 12 and 12-24h postoperatively. The time to first postoperative analgesic, total analgesic consumptions, the need for rescue antiemetic (RAE), the fast tracking time (FTT), the time to first oral intake and parent’s satisfaction score were recorded as clinically true outcome measures. The five treatment groups were similar with respect to patients’s characteristics and operative data. There was no significant difference with respect to the incidence (P>0.05) or severity (P>0.05) of PONV between the placebo and 25g/kg ondansetron group during the study period (0-24h). The incidence of early (0-2h), delayed (2-12h), and late (12-24) PONV were significantly less in the 50 (P<0.05), 75 (P<0.05) and 150 (P<0.05) g/kg ondansetron groups compared with placebo. The incidence of 24h PONV was 43, 37, 13, 10 and 7% in placebo, 25, 50, 75 and 150g/kg ondansetron groups, respectively. The PONV severity scores (0-3) were significantly less (p<0.05) in children who received ondansetron in a dose of 50g/kg or more compared with the placebo. There was no statistically significant difference with respect to the incidence (P>0.05) or the severity (P>0.05) of PONV between the 50, 75 and 150g/kg ondansetron groups. The time to first postoperative analgesic, the total postoperative analgesic consumptions, the need for RAE, the time to first oral intake and the fast tracking time (FTT) were significantly less (P<0.05) in children who received 50, 75 and 150 g/kg ondansetron in comparison with placebo. The parent’s satisfaction scores were significantly high (P<0.05) for those children who received ondansetron in a doses of 50g/kg or more compared with placebo. There was no significant difference with respect to the clinically true outcome measures in children who received ondansetron in dose of 50g/kg or more. In conclusion, ondansetron 50g/kg IV was the minimum effective IV dose to decrease the incidence and severity of PONV in dexamethasone (150g/kg IV) pretreated children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. This dose was associated with a significant reduction in the time to first postoperative analgesic, total analgesic consumptions, the need for rescue antiemetic (RAE), the time to first oral intake, the fast tracking time (FTT) and a high parent’s satisfaction scores. Increasing the dose of ondansetron to 150g/kg provided no significant benefits in reducing the incidence or severity of PONV in dexamethasone (150g/kg IV) pretreated children undergoing adenotonsillectomy}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18751.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_18751_fd66431a7b2c7056c8e42c50882c9378.pdf} }