@article { author = {AlQahtani, Muath S. and Alkhaldi, Talal M. and Al-Sultan, Abdullah Mutib and Bin Shihah, Abdulelah S. and Aleid, Ahmed Saad and Alzahrani, Ziyad Khater and Alfaryan, Khalid Hisham}, title = {Sleeping Disorders among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia; in Relation to Anti-Insomnia Medications}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2750-2753}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042561}, abstract = {Background: due to their demanding lifestyle, sleep deprivation is common amongst the medical students. A study, which followed 1,007 young adults at a health maintenance organization for 3.5 years, found that a history of insomnia predicted new-onset depression, also other psychiatric disorders.  Another study showed that sleeping disorders and insomnia are negatively associated with academic performance in medical students in Saudi Arabia.  The relationship between sleeping disorders among medical students in Saudi Arabia; about anti-insomnia medications is insufficiently addressed in the literature. This study aimed to assess the relationship between sleep habits and sleep duration with academic performance in the medical students. Objectives: this study aimed to determine sleep pattern disorders among medical students, as well as, the use of anti-insomnia medications and alsoto define the relation regarding the academic performance among the sample medical students in Saudi Arabia. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study which was  conducted among the medical students at three different medical schools, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from May 2014 to December 2014.. A self-administrated randomized questionnaire was developed and designed in the Arabic language in the form of multiple choices and short answers, concerning age, gender, educational level, grade point average GPA, financial status, total sleep hours per day, mid-day naps duration, quality and latency of sleep and using of anti-insomnia medications. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was also involved in the questionnaire. Results: out of 276 received questionnaires, 237 questionnaires were completed. Out of those 237 subjects, 92 subjects were female students (38.7%), and 145 were male students (60.9%). The mean age was 22 ±2.37. Regarding GPA, 122 participants got below average GPA, 28 participants got average GPA, 62 participants got an average GPA, while 25 participants got an excellent GPA (51.3%, 11.8%, 26.1%,10.5% respectively). 127 of the participants were used medications to help them to sleep, and 9.7% used it occasionally, whereas 110 of the participants did not use any medication. Out of 127 participants who used the medications, 92.5% of them agreed that medications they took were helpful and effective.Conclusion: this study showed a significant relationship between the use of anti-insomnia medications and the academic performance of medical students, further committee and education should be established by the universities and faculties to enhance the student’s awareness to the issue of the chronic use of anti-insomnia medications at first and to apply a perfectly healthy environment with less stress and condensed classes and exams.  }, keywords = {Sleep,sleeping disorders,anti-insomnia,Saudi Arabia}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12196.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12196_e1f9203357dd91716c981e956305f852.pdf} } @article { author = {Saleh, Soheir Ibrahim and Youssef, Ashraf Ramzy and Saad, Shereen Adel and Mohamed, Mona Nabil}, title = {Influence of Age on Aluminum-Induced Hepatotoxicity in the Male Albino Rat}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2754-2770}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042562}, abstract = {      Background: aluminum is the third most common element in the earth’s crust and is about 8% of its total mineral components. It is widely used in antacid drugs, food additives and tooth pastes. Moreover, it is added to the drinking water for purification purposes. It is also the metal of choice in making several household cookware and storage utensils despite its toxic effects.       Aim of the work: this study aimedto describe the histological changes which occurred in liver of rats exposed to aluminum and also to clarify whether those changes were related to the age of the experimental animals or not.        Material and methods: 32 male albino rats were used in this study, 16 adults and they were weighing 150-180 gm and 16 senile and they were weighing 400-450 gm. Group I: was consisted of 16 adult male rats. This group was categorized into two equal subgroups; subgroup IA and subgroup IB. Group II: was consisted of 16 senile male rats. This group was categorized into two equal subgroups; subgroup IIA and sub group IIB. Subgroups IA and IIA were served as control and received distilled water. Subgroups IB and IIB received aluminum chloride in a dose of 475 mg/kg body weight by gastric gavage once daily for three weeks. At the end of the experiment, liver specimens were collected, processed for paraffin blocks and semithin sections and examined by light microscope.       Results: liver sections obtained from adult rats received aluminum chloride showed disrupted and discontinuous liver capsule, disorganized hepatic architecture, affection of the hepatocytes especially those under the liver capsule which had small darkly stained nuclei and dilated, distorted and slightly congested central veins. Most of the blood sinusoids appeared either narrow and obliterated or congested. The portal triads showed vascular congestion and dilatation, proliferation of the bile ducts with slight increase in the collagen deposition around the portal triads. Sporadic positive PAS reaction within the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes was also noticed in liver sections stained with PAS stain. Semithin sections stained with toluidine blue showed well circumscribed vacuoles of different sizes inside and outside the hepatocytes. On the other hand, liver sections obtained from senile rats received aluminum chloride showed the same previous changes that occurred in the adult group, but they were exaggerated and there were additional changes such as the presence of irregular homogenous materials and tiny vacuoles in the cytoplasm of most of the hepatocytes.         Conclusion: oral administration of aluminum chloride in rats resulted in degenerations in the liver and that was conclusive of toxic hepatitis. These changes were exaggerated among the senile rats which proved that senile rats are more susceptible to the hepatoxicity induced by aluminum. Therefore, it is advised to create awareness among people especially the senile ones about the hazards of extensive use of aluminum.    }, keywords = {Effect,Liver,Aluminum,toxic hepatitis}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12202.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12202_fe076c6bac1577f415f0728440cefad5.pdf} } @article { author = {Alfallaj, Talal Hamid and Aljaafary, Rakan Abdullah Mohammed and Alqahtani, Nouf Ali and Altowirqi, Khloud Abdulrahman and Bagdood, Sara Faisal and Alabdullah, Fatmah Ibrahim and Alibrahim, Ali Mohammed and Radwan, Asaad Saleh and Barnawi, Hassan Mohammed and Alghanim, Zainab Redaa and Alhashim, Aqeel Ghassan and Ghallab, Eyaad Talat}, title = {Causes and Management of Postoperative Fever}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2771-2776}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042563}, abstract = {Postoperative fever presents a frequent and at times, thorny issue for the clinician.  Whereas fever is frequently a normal phenomenon in the prompt post-surgical period, massive amounts of resources are used each day in the quest of more unfavorable diagnoses. The occurrence of a postoperative fever is not always suggestive of an infectious process. Mild temperature rise might be transient in nature and can emerge from the body's reaction to tissue damage. Fevers that present from two to more than seven days after a surgical procedure can be caused by other physiological reactions. Perioperative nurses can target nursing assessments according to the postoperative day on which the fever presents.  }, keywords = {Fever,Postoperative,body temperature,Management,Fever Timing}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12208.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12208_ad88b7598b81eb03633080eb8d13ee57.pdf} } @article { author = {Albakri, Ibrahim Abdullah Abdulrazaq and Al-Qahtani, Refah Saad and Alsharif, Maher Ghazi and Alenezi, Hadil Mohammed and Ahmad, Ghaida Mohammad and Aljuhani, Ahmed Sulaiman and Alaliwi, Salman Ali and A. Alqarni, Abdullah Mohammed and Alkhalifa, Abdullah Ali and Alamri, Doaa Yousif and Balkheir, Mohammed Abobakr Hassan and Alabudib, Fatimah Abduladhim}, title = {Ultrasound and Computed Tomography in Abdominal and Pelvic Diagnoses}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2777-2782}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042564}, abstract = {Introduction: the major imaging modalities used in diagnosis of pelvic and abdominal conditions ranged from X-ray, ultrasonography, computed tomography and many more. In each different kind of disorder; a different modality is preferred based on the nature of disease, the patient and the hospital where the management is provided. Some conditions require more than one source of imaging. Aim of the work: this study aimed to discuss various abdominal and pelvic pathologies separately to explore the preferred type of imaging modality. Methodology: we conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE from January 1994 to March 2017. The following search terms were used: ultrasound versus CT, acute abdomen imaging, abdominal radiology and pelvic pain diagnosis Conclusion: various disorders and conditions required different modality of imaging and a health care provider must be well informed of the benefits and risks and be able to weigh in order to make use of the most appropriate imaging technique.  }, keywords = {Ultrasound,Computed tomography,Acute abdomen,Pelvic pain,gynecologic emergency,radiology imaging}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12213.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12213_21ccdb5ae5e2f00fb6f43d4781ef607f.pdf} } @article { author = {Alahmed, Ali Malik and Shokri, Mohammad Ehsan M and Ayidh, Faris Ali Nasser and Alotaib, Amer Baraki and Alghamdi, Tarnim Muhsen and Alziyadi, Faisal Barrak H and Alluhaydan, Abdulsalam S. and Alshahrani, Abdulwahab Malawi S and Alsaud, Nora Faisal and Gasem, Osama Abdulaziz M and Mughallis, Abdulrhman Ebrahim A. and Hassan H, Albayyali,Tariq}, title = {Effect of Artificial Sweets on Neurologic Disorders}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2783-2787}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042565}, abstract = {Background: Sugar- and artificially-sweetened beverage consumption have been connected to cardio metabolic hazard factors, which rise the danger of cerebrovascular illness and dementia. Purpose: We studied whether sugar or artificially sweetened beverage intake was related with the prospective dangers of incident stroke or dementia. Materials and methods: We studied 361 members aged more than 45 years for incident stroke (mean age 61 [SD, 10] years; 163 men) and 185 participants aged >60 years for incident dementia (mean age 68 [SD, 7] years; 85 men). Beverage consumption was computed using a food-frequency questionnaire at cohort studies. We quantified latest consumption at investigation 7 and cumulative intake by averaging across examinations. Surveillance for incident events commenced at examination 7 and continued for 5 years. We observed 12 cases of incident stroke (10 ischemic) and 10 cases of incident dementia (8 consistent with Alzheimer’s disease). Results: After modifications for age, gender, education (for analysis of dementia), caloric consumption, diet feature, physical activity, and smoking, higher recent and higher cumulative consumption of artificially sweetened soft drinks were related with an increased risk of ischemic stroke, all-cause dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease dementia. When comparing day-to-day aggregate consumption to 0 per week (reference), the risk ratios were 2.87 (95% confidence interval, 1.24–6.89) for ischemic stroke and 2.91 (95% confidence interval, 1.15–6.99) for Alzheimer’s disease. Sugar-sweetened beverages were not associated with stroke or dementia. Conclusions: Artificially sweetened soft drink consumption was allied with a higher risk of stroke and dementia.    }, keywords = {Artificial Sweets,Soft Drinks,Dementia,stroke,sugar}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12224.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12224_9e78121c824b60bf072f9aac6c525ab9.pdf} } @article { author = {Alqusair, Sadeem Adnan and Albulushi, Khalid Ibrahim S and Malaka, Lujain Nizar and alsharif, Rakan Alhussin and Alsalbi, Ali Ibrahim Ali and Aloufi, Yousef Abdulrahman O and Abousaadah, Mohannad Mohamed Eissa and Turkistani, Ziyad Adnan and miski, Samer Sameer Y and Al Ghamdi, Mohammed Yaanallah Mohammed and Sindi, Mohammad Hesham A and Allali, Daniah Samir S}, title = {Visits to Emergency Departments for Gynecologic Disorders in KSA}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2788-2794}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042566}, abstract = {Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) influences 20–30% of women sooner or later in their regenerative years and regularly cause women to look for urgent or emergent care. Purpose: To describe the population of women seeking urgent medical attention for abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), in terms of symptoms, medical history, and clinical examination findings; and to determine characteristics associated with anaemia in this population. Materials and Methods: We implemented a retrospective cohort study of patients comprehended in King Abdulaziz Hospital Emergency Room for abnormal uterine bleeding from November 2016 to May 2017 (n=126). Data collected included demographic factors, laboratory and radiologic findings, clinical history, and physical examination findings. We calculated pervasiveness ratios for moderate to severe anaemia (defined as haemoglobin less than 10 g/dL) and sensitivity and specificity of clinical characteristics for recognizing women with anaemia. Results: The median age of patients was 33 years (range 14–68 years). Nearly half (47.6%) had a concurrent medical condition which could affect their treatment options and 15 had moderate to severe anaemia. The only factors related with moderate to severe anaemia were having both tachycardia and hypotension; duration of bleeding more than 7 days: and haemoglobin of less than 10 g/dL in the previous year. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of patients looking for urgent medical care for abnormal uterine bleeding had potential contraindications for the mainstays of treatment. Clinical symptoms and bleeding history were poorly predictive for moderate to severe anaemia in this population of women.  }, keywords = {Anaemia,Abnormal Uterine Bleeding,Emergency Facility,Acute Uterine Bleeding}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12228.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12228_230dbbddfb82f22d71e2f62d10a20ddb.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Ameer, Ali H. Al-Ameer and Jafarli, Ilhama and Al-Jubab, Abdulwahab S.}, title = {Rectal Atresia with Congenital Rectovaginal Fistula: A Rare Variant of Anorectal Malformations}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2795-2797}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042567}, abstract = {Background: rectal atresia is a rare variant of anorectal malformations. The presence of fistulous communication between the rectum and the urogenital system in case of rectal atresia is even rarer to occur. Aim of the work: this article aimed to describe a case of rectal atresia in a female infant associated with proximal and distal congenital rectovaginal fistula. Results: the clinical, radiological findings and the surgical management were discussed . Conclusion: the case demonstrated the possibility to find a rectovaginal fistula in rectal atresia, and the possibility of recurrence after surgical intervention.  }, keywords = {Anorectal malformations,rectal atresia,rectovaginal fistula}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12230.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12230_7ef3f3b04dcdfbac42978999bcc09b13.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghazwani, Salha Mofareh and Rawah, Maram Adnan and Zarbah, Jaber Mohammed and Amoudi, Abdulrahman Saleh and Alyahya, Fatimah Hassan and H Aman, Abdulrahman Ahmed and Abuazzah, Raed Fuad Ahmad and Tallab, Omar Talal M and Alshammari, Amirah Ali and Akbar, Alaa Jamal A and Alharbi, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz and Alsaad, Fatimah Nasser and Al Mehdar, Amor Abdullah}, title = {Breast Cancer Staging and The Role of Radiology}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2798-2803}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042568}, abstract = {Purpose: To Compare tomosynthesis to mammography, ultrasound, MRI, and histology for the detection and staging of BI-RADS 4–5 anomalies, as a function of breast composition, histology, size, and lesion location. Materials and methods: 25 patients underwent tomosynthesis, MRI, mammography, and ultrasound. The diagnostic accuracy of the different examinations was compared. Results: The sensitivities for detection were as follows: 92.7% for MRI, 80.5% for ultrasound, 75.6% for tomosynthesis, and 61% for mammography. Tomosynthesis improves the sensitivity of mammography (P = 0.0001), but not the specificity. The detection of multifocality and multicentricity was improved, but not significantly. Tomosynthesis identified more lesions than mammography in 10% of cases and improved lesion staging irrespective of the density, but was still inferior to MRI. The detection of ductal neoplasia was superior with tomosynthesis Compared to mammography (P = 0.016), but this was not the case with lobular cancer. The visualization of masses was improved with tomosynthesis (P = 0.00012), but not with  microcalcifications. Tomosynthesis was capable of differentiating lesions of all sizes, but the smaller lesions were easier to see. Lesion sizes measured with tomosynthesis, excluding the spicules, concurred with histological dimensions. Spicules lead to an overestimation of the size. Conclusion: In our series, tomosynthesis found more lesions than mammography in 10% of patients, resulting in an adaption of the surgical plan.  }, keywords = {Breast,Tomosynthesis,Multifocality,Staging}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12232.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12232_6adf89a522ca5d522f35b280f3411c26.pdf} } @article { author = {Althagafi, Hussam Muidh and Alghamdi, Faisal Saleh and Alali, Mohammad Mustafa S and Qasim, Linah Khalid and Bayunus, Yara Saleh and Alomair, Abdullatif Mohammed and Sarouji, Feras Fouad and Alboseer, Abdullah Sulaiman A and Aldaaysi, Ghadeer Isa Abdali Isa Ebrahim and Alkhathami, Bader Saad and Alotaibi, Mohammed Humayyed Mohammed and Aloufi, Yousef Abdulrahman O}, title = {Post-Operative Anticipation of Outcome after Cholecystectomy}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2804-2808}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042569}, abstract = {Background: A substantial group of patients with gallstone disease experience negative outcome after surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy). Early identification of these patients is important. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to recognize predictors (trait anxiety and clinical symptoms) of negative symptomatic outcomes at 5 weeks after cholecystectomy. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients (n = 66), 18–60 years, with symptomatic gallstone disease, completed symptom checklists and the state-trait anxiety inventory preoperatively and at 6 weeks after cholecystectomy. Results: High trait anxiety was the only predictor of persistence of biliary symptoms at 6 weeks after cholecystectomy (OR = 6.79). Conclusion: In addition to clinical symptoms, high trait anxiety is a predictor of negative symptomatic outcome at 6 weeks after cholecystectomy. Trait anxiety should be evaluated to aim at a patient-tailored approach in gallstone disease.  }, keywords = {Cholecystectomy,Symptomatic gallstone disease,Trait anxiety}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12239.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12239_0a824e4881afdaa74fe64684c19417c1.pdf} } @article { author = {Al Mehdar, Amor Abdullah and Zaki O, Hariri,Mohammad and Alotaibi, Fay Ali F and AL Alyani, Turki Ali Abdullah and Matary, Naseem Ahmad M and Bakri, Mohammed Atiah Ahmed and AlQahtani, Jaman Hassan and Alsalami, Sultan Essa and Ahmed A, Alharbi, Abrar and Althagafi, Hussam Muidh and Majrshi, Samirah Nasser A and Mahdi, Laila Mossa and Alghamdi, Faisal Saleh and Sattam, Munirah Abdulrahman H}, title = {Features of Menopause and Menopausal Age among Saudi Women}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2809-2813}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042570}, abstract = {Background: Menopause is the estimated end of reproductive life. Having a positive attitude towards it has been shown to outcome in a positive experience, whereas a negative attitude is connected with negative experiences and symptoms. Conventionally, women regularly abstain from sex after menopause. Purpose: The study aimed to determine the level of awareness and perceptions about the menopause and sex in perimenopausal women attending a general outpatient clinic. Methods: Women over 40 years were enlisted from the Family Medicine Department of King Abdulaziz Hospital, excluding those who were menopausal. Data analyses were done with chi-square test (P<0.05). The study was done according to the ethical board of Umm Al Qura university. Results: Most (151; 85.8%) of the 176 surveyed participants were aware of the menopause. Only 36.1% anticipated associated symptoms. About half (55.68%) were indifferent to menopause onset, while 23.3% had a positive attitude and 21.11% had a negative attitude, respectively. Younger women were less likely to have a positive attitude to the menopause (P=0.04). There were negative cultural beliefs towards sex. Sexual activity was low and declined with age (P<0.001). Many women would like treatment to improve their sexual activity. Conclusion: Most participants had a favourable disposition towards the menopause, though sexual relationships suffer. Counselling and treatment should be offered.  }, keywords = {Menopause,Sexual Relationships,counselling,Treatment}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12244.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12244_f78db35263bd0b8015d0f1bb1c683b27.pdf} } @article { author = {Allehaiby, Ahmad Hameed and Alluheibi, Sarah Musaed and Alnassar, Sarah Mohammed and Bayydih, Mansor Ahmed and Almohammadi, Mohammad Mabrook S and Alnashry, Layla Mohammed and Alomair, Abdulrahim Abdullatif and Alzahrani, Mazen Mosfer A and Abufaia, Rawan Ezzi and Alhajji, Riyad Mohammed and Alshamrani, Meshal Fahad M and Badahman, Omar Hasan Abdullah and Aloraini, Haitham Musaad A}, title = {Assessment of Patients with Beta-thalassemia}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2814-2818}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042571}, abstract = {Background: Thalassemia major has become a public health problem worldwide, mainly in developing and poor countries, while the role of educating the family and community has not been considered enough in patients’ care. Purpose: This study was done to examine the impact of partnership care model on mental health of patients with beta-thalassemia major. Materials and Methods: This experimental study, with pretest and posttest design, was performed on patients with beta-thalassemia major in Jeddah city. 40 patients with beta-thalassemia major were assigned randomly into two groups of intervention (20 patients) and control (n=20) groups. Mental health of the participants was measured using the standard questionnaire before and after intervention in both groups. The intervention was applied to the intervention group for 6 months, based on the partnership care model. Results: There were significant differences between the scores of mental health and its subscales between the two groups after the intervention (𝑃< 0.05). Conclusions:  The findings of the study revealed the efficacy and usefulness of partnership care model on mental health of patients with beta-thalassemia major; thus, implementation of this model is suggested for the improvement of mental health of patients with beta-thalassemia major.    }, keywords = {Beta-Thalassemia,Mental health,DeferoxamineMesylate}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12249.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12249_74a2296e6b48350720d59c86b4f86a47.pdf} } @article { author = {Alenzi, Shorooq A and Abdulrahman, F. AlBloushi}, title = {Retained Bandage Contact Lens for More Than Two Years in One Eyed Patient: A Case Report}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2819-2823}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042572}, abstract = {Aim of the work: this study aimed to report a case of a bandage contact lens (BCL) retained for two years and six months in its primary position, which was associated with distinct clinical appearance over the patient's only Seeing Eye. Patient and methods: a 70-year-old one-eyed female patient with a history of systemic hypertension and poor vision in the left eye due to an old trauma was presented with right eye spontaneous corneal perforation and leak. The patient was treated with cyanoacrylate corneal glue along with a bandage contact lens (BCL). For the unknown reasons, the patient did not come for a follow-up medical care and presented after two years and six months with the retention of the BCL in its original position. Results: the retained BCL developed an atypical clinical appearance in the form of granular deposits along the edges made of mixed epithelium and mucous deposition. We hypothesize that this deposition occurred as an adaptive mechanism and aided in BCL stabilization and prevention of serious contact lens-related complications. Conclusions and Importance: to our knowledge, long-term in-place retention of BCL with distinct clinical appearance has not been characterized before. Despite the long period of retention, the lens did not migrate to the local vicinity and presented any serious complications. This report highlights the importance of appropriate patient education and counselling to ensure their compliance, thereby preventing any unfavourable future complications.    }, keywords = {bandage contact lens,retained,Case Report}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12251.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12251_6288122969a8b5df05a0ee64fb10c202.pdf} } @article { author = {Sayeda, Maha and Al-Attarb, Ghada S. T. and Elgibalyb, Omaima}, title = {Exposure of Early Adolescent Girls to Genital Mutilation\Cutting:"Secondary Analysis of Survey of Young People in Egypt}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2824-2833}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042573}, abstract = {Background: female genital mutilation/cuutting (FGM/C) is one of the main social problems affecting adolescent girls in Egypt. FGM/C has many health hazards affecting adolescents later in their lives. Researches related to FGM/C in Egypt focused mainly on prevalence and causes of FGM/C among women. However, there was little attention in exploring this problem among early adolescent girls. Aim: the objectives of this study included determining the prevalence and correlates of FGM/C among early adolescents in Egypt. Subjects and Methods: a secondary analysis of a nationally representative stratified multistage cluster sample using early adolescent girls using Survey of Young People in Egypt (SYPE) data 2009. Descriptive analysis was done using univariate & bivariate analysis to identify prevalence of FGM/C in Egypt among early adolescents and associated factors. Correlates of FGM/C were identified using logistic regression analysis with 95% confidence interval and P <0.05 as a significant level. Software used was SPSS version 20. Results: nearly two thirds of 10–14 years old girls in Egypt were exposed to FGM/C.FGM/C was carried on the majority of them by medical personnel (70.7%) at home or at private medical facilities. Older age, living in rural areas, and belonging to lowest wealth quintile were the main predictors of FGM\C exposure. Conclusions: FGM/C is still a major threat to early adolescent girls in Egypt especially by medical personnel among rural and poor families. Emphasizing strict legal sanctions against physicians performing the procedures as well as against responsible parents is very crucial in Egypt.  }, keywords = {FGM/C,prevalence,Correlates,early adolescent girls,secondary analysis of SYPE}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12252.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12252_9f05fa3921398c2cc3e934b1119f1419.pdf} } @article { author = {Felemban, Reham Abdulkhaleq and Tagrida, Shaimaa Gamal and Alshehri, Ayshah Abdullah and Alshraim, Reem Abdullmuhsen and alanaze, Amal Mohammed and baaboud, Maha Salem and Alfuhigi, Turki Bakheet and Alruwaili, Mohammed Musayyab and alghrairy, Lujain Ahmed Mohammed}, title = {The Influence of Diverse Irrigation Protocols on Resin Sealer Bond Strength to Dentin}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2834-2838}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042574}, abstract = {Background: The purpose of this study was to assess. The influence of diverse irrigation protocols on resin sealer bond strength to dentin. Materials and Methods: A sum of 36 single-established andibular premolar teeth were utilized. Root channel forming strategies were applied with ProTaper rotary instruments (Dentsply Maillefer) up to measure F4. The prepared models were then arbitrarily collected into 3 groups (n = 12). For each group, an ultrasonic tip (measure 15, 0.02 taper) which was additionally covered with an epoxy resin based sealer and put 2 mm shorter than the working length. The sealer was then actuated for 10 s. A push-out test was utilized to gauge the bond strength between the root canal dentine and the sealer. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess the push-out bond strength of epoxy based sealer (P = 0.05). The failure mode information were statistically examined utilizing Pearson's chi square test (P = 0.05). Results: Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there were statistically insignificant difference between the push out bond strength values of 3 mm (p = 0.149) and 6 mm (P = 0.052) , for group one and two, while there was a  statistically significant difference with the push out bond strength value of 9 mm (P = 0.029). Pearson’s chi square test showed statistically significant differences for the failure types among the groups. Conclusion: Several epoxy resin based sealers actuated ultrasonically demonstrated comparative bond strength in oval formed root canals. Apical areas for all groups have higher push out bond strength standards than middle and coronal segments.    }, keywords = {Epoxy resin-based sealers,Ultrasound,bond strength,root canal filling}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12254.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12254_046f39c525c5ae66dcec13fed4ea59c5.pdf} } @article { author = {Alanzi, Muhammad Sari Z and Almuhawwis, Ghannam Ali and Alsahli, Fahad Ali A and Almalki, Muhammad Abdullah M and Alenezi, Tarki Moubarak A and Alruwaili, Fadi Mohammad M and Alenezi, Almhnd Talal and Alanazey, Mohammed Amer M and Alenezi, Abdulrahman F S and el-Fetoh, Nagah Mohamed Abo}, title = {Low Back Pain in Population of Arar City, Northern Saudi Arabia: an Epidemiological Study}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2839-2845}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042575}, abstract = {Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a nonspecific condition of acute or chronic pain in or near the lumbosacral spines. It can be caused by inflammatory, degenerative, neoplastic, gynecologic, traumatic, metabolic, or other disorders. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of low back pain. To show also its symptoms and treatment trials among general population of Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional community based study was carried out on population of Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia, during the period from 1 January to 30 July 2017. Systematic random sampling technique was followed. Data was collected by personal interview, using pre designed questionnaire which include questions designed to fulfill the study objectives. Results: Among 501 studied individual. The prevalence of low back pain was 23.8%, 57% of them were females (P=0.02) and 30% had family history of low back pain.  However 91% of cases doesn’t need  vigorous effort in their work. Of the cases 90% doesn’t seek medical care for treatment. Disk problems were found in 6.7% of cases, soft tissue problems in 9.3% and in 84% of cases the cause was not diagnosed.  About quarter (25.2%) get medical treatment but only 16.8% improved. While 19.3% get physiotherapy and most of them (18.2%) improved. No ases get surgical treatment. Conclusion and Recommendations: There was a high prevalence of LBP among Arar population (23.8%). Many risk factors were identified that would necessitate multidisciplinary involvement. Disk problemswere found in 6.7% of cases, soft tissue problems in 9.3% and in 80% of cases the cause was not diagnosed. We recommend that educational programs on prevention and coping strategies for musculoskeletal disorders are mandatory to reduce the rate of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.    }, keywords = {Saudi Arabia,Low back pain,prevalence,Arar,Epidemiological Study}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12257.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12257_b014705ffd2f94d6cde01d1572009220.pdf} } @article { author = {Alenezi, Omar Tabaan and Alenezi, Yusef Muhana and Abo el-Fetoh, Nagah Mohamed and Aledeilah, Rawan and Khurfan, Basel Waleed and Alanazi, Abdullah Tban and Almuhaya, Badar Abdulrahman and Alanazi, Raghad Aladham}, title = {Seizures; A Pediatrics Emergency in Maternity and Children's Hospital, Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2846-2851}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042576}, abstract = {Background: seizures are the most common neurologic emergency in pediatrics and can be terrifying for patients and families. Aim of the work: this study aimed to determine the etiologies and sex distribution of seizure in children admitted to Emergency Department of Maternity and Children's Hospital in Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia, during the period from 1 January to 30 July 2017.  Methods: this was a descriptive hospital-based study conducted in the Department of Pediatrics Emergency, Maternal and Child Hospital of Arar City during the period from 1 January to 30 July 2017.  All the children below 12 years of age who were hospitalized at emergency department were enrolled in this study. The final diagnosis of seizure was made by a pediatric neurologist. The age, sex, type of seizure, associated fever, history of head trauma and other variables related to seizure in pediatric group were reviewed from the medical records. Results: a total of 158 children with diagnosis of seizures were included in this study. The proportion of male to female was about 2:1 as the percentage of males was 65.8% of patients. All patients up to 12 years were included with a mean age of 26.3±15.8 months. Less than quarter (16.5%) of the patients had focal seizures, while 83.5% had generalized seizures. Family history of seizures disorders were noted in only 15.2% patients. A previous history of seizure was mentioned in 19% patients. Febrile seizure was the most common etiology (72.2% of patients).  Epilepsy in 17.7% and vaccine-associated seizure in 5.1% of the patients. Hypoglycemia, intracranial hemorrhage, encephalitis and hyponatremia were reported 2(1.3%) for each of them. Conclusion and recommendations: as this is the first study conducted in Arar maternity and children's hospital to differentiate of the etiology of seizure in children attending the emergency department. Indeed, we suggested other researchers to follow the patients to show the repetitions of seizure and the prognosis in them especially those with dangerous etiologies as epilepsy, diabetes, encephalitis and intracranial hemorrhage. Fever coexistence, seizure type, physical and neurological examinations and history of head injury and measurement of serum blood sugar level may provide important information for primary emergency physicians when evaluating children with attack of seizures. }, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12270.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12270_eb916af50764835f173a610c2b61f08f.pdf} } @article { author = {Modhish, Moatasem Mohammed and Al-Assiri, Manal Muneer Ibraheem and Althui, Ahmed Mohammed Yahya and Alhazmi, Amr Mohammad K and Alghamdi, Amjad Obeid Saad and AlAssiri, Razaz Abdulaziz and Alkuhaimi, Lara Saleh A and AlAssiri, Ahmed Abdulaziz and Alsadi, Neda Manea Hussein and Saeed, Alasmari Buoshra and Bugis, Lina Hassan T}, title = {A study of Tinea Capitis in Children}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2852-2855}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042577}, abstract = {Background: Tinea capitis is a superficial fungal infection that predominantly affects the pediatric population. The etiological factors vary from area to area, and the exact occurrence remains obscure. The clinicoepidemiological and mycological aspects of this dermatophytosis were studied in King Abdulaziz Hospital. Purpose: To determine the clinicoepidemiological aspects and mycological findings of dermatophytes involved in tinea capitis cases. Subjects and Methods: KOH examination, Wood's lamp examination, and fungal culture were performed in 50 clinically diagnosed cases of tinea capitis with patients’ age up to 13 years over a period of 8 months. The epidemiological factors associated with the disease were also evaluated. Results: Tinea capitis was predominant in the 3–6 and 6–9 years age groups with a male preponderance. Grey patch tinea capitis was the most common variant. KOH positivity was 74%, and Trichophyton tonsurans was the most common fungal isolate. Conclusion: Tinea capitis is a very common fungal infection in our setting. Early detection and diagnosis is mandatory to prevent its spread in the community as well as the development of scarring alopecia in the affected individual.  }, keywords = {Dermatophytes,Tinea Capitis,Trichophyton tonsurans}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12276.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12276_d0c65c613af51976f1f775afe8d4c615.pdf} } @article { author = {Rawah, Maram Adnan and Alkhayri, Mohammed Mahmoud and Alomari, Mashail Ali and ALmalki, Raed Khalid and Alyahya, Fatimah Hassan and Alotaibi, Fay Ali F and Meriky, Lama Hassan M and Alawami, Sarah Saeed and Alomari, Mohannad Ali S and Jan, , Razan Mohammad Naseem and Banjar, Alyaa Mohammedrafie and AlKhalaf, Humoud Mansour H}, title = {Drug Prescription in Ophthalmology}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2856-2859}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042578}, abstract = {Background: Drug prescription studies provide a pharmacoeconomic basis for making evidence-based health-care decisions. In ophthalmology practice, rational prescribing shows a vital role in decreasing the ocular disease burden. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to inspect the drug consumption pattern in ophthalmology department of King Abdulaziz hospital in KSA. Materials and Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 3 months. The prescriptions for all consecutive patients attending the ophthalmology outpatient department for the first time (first time encounter) were incorporated and reviewed using a pre-designed form to record information from the ophthalmology outpatient department prescription cards of each patient. Data analysis was carried out using the descriptive statistical methods: frequencies, mean, percentage, and standard deviation. Results: A total of 500 prescriptions were considered with the average number of drugs per prescription being 2.2 (0.8). The most common disorders diagnosed were eyelid diseases (31.6%) followed by foreign body in the eye (23,2%), conjunctivitis (20,8%), glaucoma, conrneal ulcer, squint, and others. Drugs were prescribed in different dosage forms with eye drops being the most common (62.9%) followed by ointment (20.5%), capsule (8.6%), and tablets (8.0%) of all dosage forms. The frequency of drug management and period of treatment was recorded in 94% and 76% of all prescriptions respectively. Drugs were predominantly prescribed in brand name rather than generic name. Conclusion: The current study showed certain lacunae in the prescribing practices of the ophthalmologists of the institute as showed by low generic prescribing, insufficient information about frequency of management and period of treatment in many prescriptions. This can be addressed over appropriate sensitization of clinicians in the art of rational prescribing.  }, keywords = {drug consumption,ophthalmology,outpatient department}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12277.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12277_65b1c60a98049dd11243f98d61f4d3ef.pdf} } @article { author = {AlShammari, Setah Rashd and Kamal, Hawazen Atef and Al-Buqaisi, Amal Abdullah and Althagafi, Hussam Muidh and Alhamed, Maria Khalifah and Baseem, Saber Mutlaq and alfaqih, Mohammed Ahmed and Alkhathami, Mohammed Saad and Dairi, Abdulrhman Saleh and ALdayri, Abdullah Mohammed and Junayd, Abdullah Ali and Al Fallaj, Talal Hamid and Alshora, Wed Bashier}, title = {Neurosurgery for Cerebral Aneurysm}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2860-2864}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042579}, abstract = {Background: Management of small aneurysms regularly poses a therapeutic problem and surgical treatment or coiling can be considered as therapeutic choices. In the current study, we reviewed our series of ruptured small cerebral aneurysm preserved surgically. Materials and Methods:A total of 53 consecutive patients with ruptured small aneurysm were surgically treated between November 2014 and November 2016. Data were retrospectively collected. Procedure-related death and complications were systematically reviewed. Clinical outcomes were evaluated utilizing the Modified Ranking Scale. Neuroradiological follow-up was performed to evaluate aneurysmal occlusion and recanalization rate. Results: The mean aneurysm size was 2 mm ± 0.7 mm. All the patients were operated and the aneurysm clipped. Clinical outcomes were as expected on the basis of the presenting Hunt and Hess grade. Generally, major and minor neurological deficit related to clipping were 5% and 3%, respectively. At the time of discharge, 85% of the patients presented with a favorable outcome, while 15% had poor clinical outcome. Aneurysm occlusion was achieved in all the cases. Neither recanalization nor re-aneurysmal rupture was observed in the clinical follow-up. Conclusion: Aneurysms, 3 mm in diameter or smaller, represent a therapeutic challenge. Given the proven role of microsurgery in small aneurysms and the perceived challenges with endovascular therapy, surgical clipping still can be considered an effective treatment modality in this setting.  }, keywords = {Neuroradiology,Intracranial Aneurysm,treatment outcome,Retrospective Studies}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12281.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12281_c2aeac7d0f61c9ea89fff3312a0fd3de.pdf} } @article { author = {Alturaifi, Lulwah Abdulaziz and Alhatlan, Abdulelah Ibraheem and Al-Ghamdi, Mohammed Yaanallah M and Almejally, Haitham Abdullah and Alshawaf, Mustafa Hussain H and Aljaziri, Hussien Ali S and Alamer, Ali Adel M and Alqahtani, Ghassan Ali J and Alotaibi, Afnan Khalid and Almaihan, Abdullah Hejji A and Sharton, Yasmin Mohamed O and Alhazmi, Abrar Mansour A}, title = {Awareness about Anesthesia amid General Populace}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2865-2870}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042580}, abstract = {Background: The public consciousness towards anesthesiologist and anesthesia is limited even in urban population. Our cross-sectional analysis highlights this lack of public awareness and discusses possible remedies to overcome these limitations. Materials and Methods: Surgical outpatient department was screened for 6 months period in King Abdulaziz Hospital. A questionnaire divided into three parts (awareness about anesthesiologist, consent, present surgical experience) was filled out for each patient. The patients on the basis of their answers were classified as aware or unaware, furthermore, source of patient data was analyzed. Results: Even with an exceptionally low threshold, only 44.86% of population could be categorized as aware, and commonest source of their information was not anesthesiologist but surgeon (56%). 89.7% patients were not aware of contents of pre-operative consent they had signed and further, only 21.4% were aware of anesthesia-related issues. Pain was reported as the most mutual pre-operative fear and post-operative patient concern. 40.2% patients due to lack of pre-operative counseling were not able to recognize the type of anesthesia and thought they had received both general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia. Finally, after explaining the role of anesthesia for surgery, 98.1% patients presented desire to meet the anesthesiologist before if they were to be operated in future. Conclusion: The awareness about anesthesia is particularly low likely due to low knowledge rates and lack of pre-operative counseling by anesthesiologist. Both patient and anesthesiologist should understand the significance of consent, as it is not only a legal binding but can eliminate pre-operative factitious fears of patients and can improve patient satisfaction towards surgery.  }, keywords = {Anesthesia,public awareness,pre-operative counseling,anesthesiologist}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12284.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12284_d1bef6691b23837f8baf1585c6c5e187.pdf} } @article { author = {Tawhari, Fawaz and Kariri, Mohammed and Addarbi, Yahya and Tawhari, Ibrahim}, title = {Interaction between Proton Pump Inhibitors and Antiplatelet Therapy}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2871-2875}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042581}, abstract = {Background: proton pump inhibitors are agents that inhibit the final step in gastric acid formation. They are available in oral forms or intravenous forms. Proton pump inhibitors can be used in case of gastric ulcer. Antiplatelet therapy is a medication that acts as cardiovascular therapy as it is used in platelet inhibition. Some antiplatelet agents may case ulcer and proton pump inhibitors may become necessary for ulcer treatment, the use of this combination may cause adverse effects for patients. Aim of the work:  this study aimed to investigate the interaction between proton pump inhibitors and antiplatelet therapy. Materials and methods: we used the internet to obtain articles about this subject, we used  Google scholar, Pub Med and Research Gate to find the articles. Results: we obtained 44 articles, only 11 were included and we excluded 31 articles as they have either irrelevant title or content. Conclusion: interaction between proton pump inhibitors and antiplatelet therapy was conflicted. The data available were from randomized studies or trials, patients inclusion criteria, methods and outcome differ between the various studies, also the clinical data were limited.    }, keywords = {PPIs,antiplatelet therapy,aspirine,Clopidogrel}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12286.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12286_08649a92ffd67acd7adccebf33b4fd82.pdf} } @article { author = {Hanafy, Zeinab E.M. and El-Gendy, Ahkam M. and Zaky, Alaa A. and Mansour, Ahmed M. and Mostafa, Nada}, title = {Protective Role of Acacia Nilotica Extracs And Silymarin against Mutagenic and Hepatic Injuries Induced by 2-Butoxyethanol in Male Mice}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2876-2889}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042582}, abstract = {2-Butoxyethanol (2-BE) is a clear colorless liquid that smells like ether. It is used as a solvent in spray lacquers, varnishes, varnish removers, herbicides, liquid soaps, cosmetics, industrial and household cleaners, and dry-cleaning compounds. 2-BE causes cellular damage via formation of reactive oxygen species. Acacia nilotica (A.nilotica) leaf extract exhibited significant antimutagenic and DNA-protective effects against oxidative damage due to the presence of alkaloids, volatile essential oils, phenols and phenolic glycosides; it is considered an excellent free radical scavenging antioxidant owing to the high number of hydroxyl groups. Silymarin (SIL) is a standardized mixture of antioxidant flavonolignans (silybin and silibinin).     Silybum marianum (Milk thistle) family Asteraceae is an ancient medicinal plant from which SIL is extracted. It is a free radical scavenger and a membrane stabilizer that prevents lipid peroxidation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of extracts of A.nilotica leaves and SIL on the toxicity of 2-BE. Materials and Methods: 2-BE was given orally to male albino mice for 28 days at dose (450μl/kg b.wt).  A. nilotica leaf extract (25 mg/kg b.wt) was dissolved in water and was administered orally for 14 days prior to 28 days treatment of 2-BE and during the 28 days. Also SIL (20 mg/kg b.wt) was administered orally for 14 days prior to 28 days treatment of 2BE and during the 28 days.   Result: In the present work, genotoxic effects were induced by 2-BE through oral administration, and the protective effect of A. nilotica and SIL are studied. 2-BE induced a significant increase in the structural as well as numerical chromosomal aberrations. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations showed significant decrease when mice treated with A. nilotica extract and SIL. Also, there were significant increases in micronuclei. A. nilotica extract and SIL administration significant decreases micronuclei induced by 2-BE. However 2-BE induced a significant decrease in mitotic index. Administration of both A. nilotica extract and SIL significant increase mitotic index in mice treated with 2-BE. Exposure of mice to 2-BE caused significant changes in the  hematological paramters as well as significant increases in the activities of serum enzymes alanine aminotransferases (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferases (ASAT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Also, 2-BE induced a significant decrease in the content of liver reduced glutathione (GSH), however, induced a significant increase in the level of hepatic lipid peroxidation end product (MDA) of male mice. Co-administration of both A. nilotica extract and SIL to 2-BE-intoxicated mice ameliorated the above-mentioned parameters. Conclusion: 2-BE induced mutagenic and liver injury in male mice. A.nilotica and SIL are found to reduce the percentage of chromosomal aberration and micronuclei cells as they are a powerful antioxidant, they are able to scavenger reactive oxygen species (free radicals) formed by 2-BE in the cells, these free radicals damage DNA and hence cause defects in the chromosomes. A. nilotica extract and SIL could be used as a protective agent against mutagenic and hepatic injuries resulting from 2-BE. The protective action ofSILis more effective than A. nilotica.  }, keywords = {2-Butoxyethanol,Acacia nilotica leaves extracts,Silymarin,chromosome aberration,micronucleus,hematological parameters,liver functions and oxidative stress}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12288.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12288_3af84707afc72c04752e3cca6e881f33.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmed Y, Dayili Abdulmajeed and Mohammed, Sahhari Mohammed Abdulrahman and Mohammed I, Radwan Ismail and Ahmed H, Alazmi Salim and Abdulmajeed A, Refaei Naif and Shammakhi, Ibraheem Nasser Mansour and Ruwayni, Ali Ahmed Atiah and Madkoor, Mujeeb Alrhman Idaros and Halawi, Hatim Ali Asiri and Ghazwani, Mousa Sulaiman}, title = {Urinary Incontinence in Healthy Saudi Women}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2890-2896}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042583}, abstract = {Background: urinary incontinence is a distressing common medical disease in which patient cannot control leakage of urine. The prevalence of urinary incontinence differs between countries and between different studies.  The risk factors for urinary incontinence including increasing age, chronic cough, medical co-morbidity, childbirth, obesity, depression, smoking, gender and previous hysterectomy. Aim of the work: this study aimed to assess the prevalence of urinary incontinence in Saudi females and its associated risk factors. Methods: this was a cross-section study based on a survey on the internet, it included 400 female participants with a minimum age of 30 years old. Results: the prevalence of urinary incontinence was 44.25%, 66.3% of them were in age of 50 years and above. 43.5% of participants were obese, 19.5% were post-menopausal, 6.25% performed hysterectomy, 37.5 % had parity more than 3 times, 33% had depression and 35.5% had diabetes. Conclusion: prevalence of urinary incontinence was moderate. The most common risk factors for urinary incontinence were older age, menopause and high parity.  }, keywords = {Urinary incontinence,urinary incontinence prevalence,urinary incontinence in females,Saudi Arabia}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12291.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12291_d39f922d61a77dfc888effa346f43d6b.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdullah, Randa H. and Khattab, Rasha T. and Ahmed, Ahmed R. and Hatif, Raghad Mohammed}, title = {Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Evaluation of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2897-2905}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042584}, abstract = {Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used more commonly in evaluation of knee trauma compared to other modalities. It is an excellent diagnostic tool that may help clinicians in the evaluation of injuries to menisci and ligaments, osseous structures, articular surfaces, and tendon, it plays an important role in clinical decision-making. Aim of the Work: The aim of the study was to determine the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of injuries related to anterior cruciate ligament compared to arthroscopy. Patients and Methods: This study included (20) ACL injury patients referred to the Radiology Department from the Orthopedics outpatient clinic department, Al-Demerdash Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University from December of 2016 to August of 2017. Results: eighteen (90%) male and 2 (10%) female patients were enrolled in this study. We found that sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were (90%, 70%, 71.4% 100%, 80 %) respectively in partial ACL injury. And the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy in complete ACL injury were (78.4%, 100%, 100%, 71.4%, 82 %) respectively. And the sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV and accuracy of medial meniscal tear were 99.8 %, 91.7%, 92.3%, 100%, 94% respectively and the sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV of lateral meniscal tear were 95.4%, 97.3%, 99%,100%, 98% respectively. Conclusion: MRI is now commonly used before diagnostic arthroscopy in most settings as an effective screening tool with most patients because it is faster, non-invasive and does not involve morbidity associated with arthroscopy. MRI findings before arthroscopy help in the management of meniscal and ligament injuries, ultimately improving patient outcome.    }, keywords = {Magnetic resonance image,anterior cruciate ligamgent injuries,Arthroscopy}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12292.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12292_74abb3e1cd3024b9239e480e7237b25d.pdf} } @article { author = {Alzubaidi, Mohammed Ali and Mutairi, Huda Hamad al and Alakel, Soliman Mohammed and Al Abdullah, Hani Ahmed Saleh and Albakri, Ibrahim Abdullah and Alqahtani, Saleh Fahad Abdullah}, title = {Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude of Nurses towards Ionizing Radiation During Radiography in Jeddah City, 2017}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2906-2909}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042590}, abstract = {  Background: The nurses working in radiation wards need to have an adequate knowledge about the risks and preventive measures of radiation exposure to protect themselves from health hazards of radiation as well as giving the patient the correct information about radiation exposure practices. Adiography in Jeddah city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: A cross sectional study was assessed among 300 nurses in Jeddah city from June 2017 to August 2017. All the nurses were interviewed then filled up a questionnaire sheet. The questionnaire included 3 parts and the first part comprised questions about the demographics of included subjects, the second and third parts included questions about the knowledge and attitude of nurses toward radiation. Results: The majority of nurses (65%) had adequate knowledge regarding the ionizing radiation risk factors and protective measures and about 35% had poor knowledge. The level of nurse’s attitude was good among 79% and poor among 21% toward ionizing radiation. The level of knowledge was significantly associated with the level of educational degree and magnitude of practical years of experience. Conclusion: the nurses’ radiation protection knowledge and attitude were good among most of nurses. However, there is a need for other educational safety programs to increase the knowledge of the rest of nurses.    }, keywords = {Knowledge, Attitude, Radiation, Nurses,Radiology, KSA}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12293.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12293_aac071e4ad45d109dc0ae8d5f21f280e.pdf} } @article { author = {Aljabry, Ali Mohammad Ali and Jaafari, Ahmed Ali Ahmed and Salawi, Mohammed Abdullah Mohammed and Majrabi, Fahad Abdoh Taher and Hazzazi, Nagi Mohammed Ahmed and Khormi, Ahmed Hadi A and Daghriri, Mohammad Ali Mousa and Alfaqih, , Abdulaziz Mohammed Abdullah and Al-harobi, Mohmmed Ahmad Mohmmed and Alqahtani, Saud Abdulaziz Musa}, title = {Effect of Social Media Network on Social Relations and Academic Achievement Among Medical Students}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2910-2917}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042591}, abstract = {Background: Social networks influence the lives of individuals and communities. They have several advantages; however, they have many disadvantages including its adverse effect on social life and academic performance of students. They are reasons for time-consuming, individuals can even addict these sites. Aim of the work: this study aimed to determine impact of social media on academic performance and social relationships as well as factors associated with social media and pattern of using social media. Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study which was conducted in Jazan University; it included 205 (45.1%) male students and 250 (54.9%) female medical students. A questionnaire was used to perform this study. SPSS was used to analyze data. Results: The present results showed that the most common used sites were facebook (53%), 65.9% of students used social networks for more than three years, 58.5% used these sites for 2 to 4 hours. Gender was a significant factor regarding using Facebook and WhatsApp (P-value=0.001, 0.004 respectively), the only significance was found between the different academic years was regarding WhatsApp (P-value=0.001) which was commonly used by fourth-year students (46.1%). Both numbers of hours and using social media during lectures influenced study level (P-value=0.01, 0.021 respectively). Conclusion: The most common social site used was Face book and the social media affected the academic performance of students negatively. Social media has both positive and negative effect on social relations.  }, keywords = {social media,Academic Performance,social media effects}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12294.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12294_67e0ac8dad47e7e05d868f252ccbeb4c.pdf} } @article { author = {Alhomaid, Tameem A and Wadi, Majed and Almanea, Mohannad M and AlTurki, Abdulrahman T and Alharbi, Bakr F and Aldubaykhi, Muhannad M and Alnashry, Layla M and Alharbi, Bander A and Alahmad, Rakan M and Alharbi, Sulaiman S and Alharbi, Fahad O}, title = {Lifestyle of Medical students at Qassim University}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2918-2929}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042586}, abstract = {Background: Healthy lifestyle is an important element for success, especially for Medical students. It includes lots of items such as physical activity, diet, and sleep which we believe that these three items are the major for a healthy lifestyle. The aim of this study is to evaluate healthy and non-healthy behaviors including physical activity, diet and time devoted to sleep, leisure, stress, and smoking of medical students in Qassim region. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was targeted medical students at Qassim region in different cities (Buraydah and Unizah). A self-administered questionnaire was used. It included a domain for physical activity, time devoted for sleep, leisure, and smoking. Results: Around 714 medical students participated in this study, 467 (55.3%) males and 247 (44.7%) females. Regarding physical activity, it was found that one-third of the students excise 1-3 times per week. Regarding diet, 31% of students were always eating there breakfast. But, 81.8% were consuming fast food 1 to 6 times weekly. Furthermore, half of the students devoted 4-6 hours only for sleep during school days and during the weekend they sleep 7-9 hours. Time spent on a cell phone, computer, and surfing Internet (for leisure) was more than 4 hours for 32.5% during the week and it increases at the weekend to 51.9%. Conclusions: Lifestyle of the majority of the students were:  did not sleep enough, did not exercise, consumed fast food, and spent much time in usage of a cellphone, which are common habits among medical students of both genders. These habitats had a significant impact on their overall satisfaction of life and may affect their academic performance and general health.  }, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12295.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12295_49066af9a23da3f4cb44607a7a669fa0.pdf} } @article { author = {Alanazi, Wafa Mohammed Falah and Alanazi, Najah Salah F and Alotaibi, Hanan Khalid and Altaleb, Fatimah Fahad and Alanazi, Aseel Menwer and Alanazi, Arwa Nughaymish and Alenezi, Yusef Muhana}, title = {Senile Cataract in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia: Hospital Based Study}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2930-2934}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042587}, abstract = {Background: Senile cataract is an age-related, vision-impairing disease characterized by gradual progressive thickening of the lens of the eye. It is the world’s leading cause of treatable blindness. The objective of this study was to identify the percentage and determinants of Senile Cataract in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia. Methods:  The current study is a hospital based conducted in Arar Cental Hospital, for the period from 1/3/ 2016 to 30/9/2017. All elderly patients referred to or admitted to the hospital ocular department and who were clinically suspected to have Cataract were included in the study after obtaining an informed consent from them. Exclusion criteria included patients who refused to participate in the study. Data was collected through face to face interview and filling a questionnaire which included questions about age, sex of participants, signs and symptoms of cataract and it's complications, presence of comorbidities. Results: The study included 134 cases, 95.5% of the studied cases had Cataract, of them 53.9% were males and 46.1% females, 53.1% aged between 50-60. One third of the cases had cataract for less than one year, 37.5% for -2 years. Fifty five (43%) reported foggy vision, 17.2% see halos around the light, 15.6% reported problems in seeing bright colors, 12.5% problems with night vision and 11.7% reported fad in colors and 0.6% had complete blindness.  Twenty nine (22.7%) of the cases had DM, 17.2% were obese, 16.4% had hypertension, 6.2% had IHD and 28.1% were smokers. Only 49.2% had cataract operation but  succeeded in 28.9% of them. Conclusions: We found senile cataract in 95.5% of the studied old aged participants, there was high rates of no operated cataract in older people in North Saudi Arabia. Males had higher rates of cataract, and 0.6% had complete blindness.  }, keywords = {Senile Cataract,determinants,Arar,Northern Saudi Arabia}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12296.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12296_f22ca1044b861ae7cf0fff2c5cc1606b.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Sultan, Ali S and AlYousef, Mahdi Y and Al Wtayyan, Hassan A and Khamseen, Mustafa A Bo and alrasasi, Mohammed Nasser}, title = {Knowledge of Community Population in Al Ahsaa about The Outcomes of ACL Injury,2017}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2935-2938}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042588}, abstract = {Background: The injury of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a common injury of the knee which needs an accurate medical management for avoidance of the complications. However, knowledge about the risk factors and effects of ACL are limited in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Objectives: Assessing the knowledge of Saudi subjects about the effects of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury on daily activities in Al Ahsaa City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).        Methods:  A cross sectional study that included 700 Saudi subjects who were randomly chosen from June –August 2017. The volunteers were interviewed in shopping malls and filled out a questionnaire sheet that included information about their demographics and questions associated with ACL risk factors and outcomes. Results: About 6% of subjects declared suffering from ACL injuries.  The knowledge of respondents toward ACL injury definition, risk factors, symptoms, treatment and complications were inadequate among 71.3% of subjects.The good knowledge was significantly associated with the older age and male gender while the education level showed no association with knowledge score.  Conclusion: There was a lack of knowledge about ACL injuries among Saudi participants that need efficient educational campaigns for increasing the awareness about the etiology, risk factors, treatment and complications of ACL injuries.  }, keywords = {Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL),Knowledge,risk factors,outcomes,Al Ahsaa}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12297.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12297_d8ff06f84eaed1732648499bb49a1e1a.pdf} } @article { author = {Alenazi, Ahmed Abdullah Saleh and Alshareef, Reem Ahmed and Alabudib, Fatimah Abduladhim and Almuqarrab, Ayah Jawad H}, title = {Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude and Practice of Parents about Immunization in Jeddah City, 2017}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {7}, pages = {2939-2943}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042589}, abstract = {Background: Immunization has shown a major preventive aspects of infectious diseases, disability and death. Objectives:  Assessing the Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of Saudi parents in Jeddah City regarding the immunization programs for children, Saudi Arabia (KSA), 2017. Methods: It is a cross sectional survey study that was carried among 600 different Saudi parents form different parts of Jeddah City for 3 months from May to July 2017. The parents completed a questionnaire that contains 4 different parts about the demographics, knowledge, attitude and practice of parents   toward immunization. Results: The included parents have shown a high level of awareness about vaccination regarding the preventive measures and importance of vaccination which resulted in positive attitudes and practice pattern among most of them. The overall KAP was good among most of parents (87.2%). The higher KAP level was significantly associated with female gender, higher educational degree and having higher number of children. Conclusion: Most of Saudi parents had good KAP toward immunization which was associated with female gender and higher educational degrees. However, educational programs are still needed to increase the parents’ knowledge and practice especially among illiterate and less educated parents living in rural areas.}, keywords = {Knowledge,Attitude,Practice (KAP),Immunization,Vaccination,parents,children,KSA,2017}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12298.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12298_b42b2da227142a46784507f19bf2fefa.pdf} }