@article { author = {Qasim, Linah Khalid and Bayunus, Yara Saleh and Alzubaidi, Fatimah Ali and ALyami, Sabra Hasan and AlOsaimi, Naif Khalil Ibrahim}, title = {Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards Otitis Media in Saudi Arabia Community}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2552-2556}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042229}, abstract = {Background: otitis media (OM) and its complications resulted in high prevalence of hearing loss and increasing the rates of health care visits with special regard to the developing countries. Aim of the work: this study aimed toevaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) toward otitis media among adult teachers in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Patients and Methods: this isa cross sectional questionnaire based study and it was conducted among a random sample of teachers in KSA from March to June 2017. All the teachers were inter viewed in their schools during the break period and answered the questionnaire that was comprised of four objects including the socio-demographics of subjects, knowledge, attitude and practice pattern of participants toward otitis media. Results: the overall knowledge about the risk factors, disease prevention and serous type was improper. Also, a poor level of attitude and practice pattern was found among most of the subjects. The overall KAP of the teachers was poor among 58.8%, while 41.2% showed adequate KAP about Otitis media. The good KAP showed a significant association with higher economic level, while other variables showed no association with KAP including age, gender and cigarette smoking. Conclusion: the suboptimal knowledge about otitis media would result in poor attitude and practice pattern which increased the prevalence and complications of otitis media. The economic level was associated with OM, thus it was considered a vital factor in prevention of otitis media.  }, keywords = {Knowledge,Attitude,Practice,Otitis Media (OM),KSA}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12005.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12005_0bdd9b357b8e9e83661444de582ba774.pdf} } @article { author = {Alhabshan, Rashed Fahad and Huwaymil, Meshari Sulaiman Bin and Alsaqabi, Omar Ahmed and Alzaid, Abdulrahman Nasser and Almasoud, Abdulhakeem Ibraheem}, title = {Assessment of Knowledge toward Complications of Diabetic Septic Foot among Diabetics Patients in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2557-2561}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042230}, abstract = {Background: diabetic foot ulcer is a major health problem around the world with a high morbidity and mortality rates. The good knowledge and practice pattern could decrease the diabetic foot ulcer complications. Objectives: this study aimedto evaluate knowledge of the diabetic patients regarding the complications of diabetic foot ulcer in Saudi Arabia (KSA). Patients and Methods: this isa cross sectional community based study conducted from March 2017 to July 2017 among 920 diabetic patients. The subjects were interviewed in the shopping malls, pharmacies and coffee shops and asked to fill out a pre-tested questionnaire about the knowledge of complications. Results: the duration of diabetes was more than 10 years among 65% of them. About 40.9% of subjects were using oral hypoglycemic agents, 57.8% were using insulin for management of diabetes. The most common diabetic complication was retinopathy, while the most common foot ulcer complication was foot numbness and stiffness. The level of knowledge was good among most of subjects (77%), while 23% had insufficient knowledge regarding the diabetic foot ulcer. The good awareness was significantly associated with higher educational levels. Conclusion: the level of awareness about complications of diabetic foot was sufficient among most of Saudi subjects. But, there was an urgent need for raising the awareness and identifying the risk factors, educating the patients through increasing the patients and doctors relationship. The knowledge alone was not sufficient for assessing the practice pattern thus major studies must be conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice pattern among Saudi subjects.  }, keywords = {Knowledge,Diabetes mellitus,diabetic foot care}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12006.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12006_16e6672118155c1022650e7a039e8aa8.pdf} } @article { author = {Sewelam, Amal Seliman}, title = {Toxicity of Sodium Fluoride in Liver of Albino Rat and the Beneficial Effect of Calcium in Reversing Fluoride Toxicity: Histological,Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Studies}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2562-2582}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042231}, abstract = {Background:  fluoride (F) is an essential element for human being from health point of view.  Its intake in high doses caused toxic effects on various organs. The liver is a target organ for Ftoxicity. Using natural supplements is a modern approach in treatment. Aim of the Study: this study aimedto investigate the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) onliver tissue in adult male albino rats and also  to determine whether calcium(Ca) co-treatment has an ameliorative role in reversing F toxicity or not. Material and Methods: eighteen adult albino male rats were categorized into three groups (each of six animals): Group I (Control): were given distilled water and fedbalanced diet, Group II (NaF treated): were given NaF at a dose of 30 mg /kg/day and Group III (NaF and Ca treated): were received NaF (similar previous dose) and 20 mg /kg/day calcium chloride (Cacl). After six weeks, under anesthesia, the livers were rapidly delivered, dissected out carefully, prepared and examined by light and electron microscopy, biochemical, immunohistochemical, morphometeric studies.  Results: the results showed that F induced severe histopathological changes in the liver tissue, significantly increased apoptosis and hepatic marker enzymes as compared to the control group. The histopathological changes induced by NaF included hepatocytic vacuolization, pyknosis and necrosis, vascular dilatation and congestion, Kupffer cell proliferation and periportal inflammatory cell infiltration. The ultra structural changes of hepatocytes included nuclear disorganization (Being heterochromatic, pyknotic nuclei or disintegrated chromatin), vague mitochondria ridges , fragmentation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, dispersed ribosomes, disruption of hepatocytes microvilli, ill defined space of Disse , Kupffer cell activation and bile canalicular dilatation. Co-treatment withCa failed to improve liver tissue damages induced by NaF treatment.   Conclusion: results of this study suggested that NaF treatment caused severe damages to liver tissue. Ca co- administration failed to reset NaF induced hepatotoxicity.  }, keywords = {fluoride,Liver,calcium,apoptosis,Caspase-3}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12008.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12008_790b12823f68d25e640c08678b0416d1.pdf} } @article { author = {Asiri, Yazeed Ahmed and Alamoodi, Saeed Abdulrahim and Marzuqi, Rayan Abdulbasit and Alwesaibi, Albatool Adel and Al-Kalif, Mohammed Sheker and Almutairi, Mohammed Salman and Azouz, Abdullah Abdulqader and Almatar, Mohammad Abdulhakim and Alshammari, Munirah Maneef and Alsaigh, Sukaynah Adnan S and Alhendi, Dareen Hussain}, title = {Compliance with Antihypertensive Medication in Family Practice}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2583-2588}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042232}, abstract = {Background: Noncompliance to treatment in chronic diseases such as hypertension is a very common phenomenon, owing to its chronic nature, lack of obvious symptoms, affordability, doctor-patient relationship, unawareness of complication, and forgetfulness. This noncompliance negatively affects disease course and increases risk of morbidity and mortality. Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1999, through March 2017. The following search terms were used: drug compliance, hypertension medication compliance, antihypertensive drug compliance, factors affecting compliance, medication compliance. Aim: Our aim in carrying out this study was to understand the status of medication compliance among hypertensive patients, studying the factors that affect it, and exploring ways to improve compliance.Conclusion: We have noticed in the review that there is direct correlation between noncompliance and lack of proper doctor-patient relationship, patient education, and patients’ belief about disease and treatment. Improvement on such factor can benefit the patients in great amount regarding blood pressure control and in preventing morbidity and mortality. More studies to analyze the lack of compliance must take place in Saudi Arabia, and stricter guidelines of doctor-patient- relationship must be reinforced.  }, keywords = {hypertension medication compliance,antihypertensive drug compliance,factors affecting compliance,medication compliance}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12010.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12010_4b50d3cdd974b724b197e645b54598e5.pdf} } @article { author = {Arafsha, Lujain Hamza and Alyami, Alhassan Abdulhameed and Aljaber, Dina Anwar and Alrehaili, Ruba Abdulqader and Alanazi, Reem Farhan and Alaliwi, Hawraa Ali and Alfehaid, Jenan Abdulfatah and Malawi, Ibtihal Abdulrahman and Maddah, Abdulaziz Khalid and Asiri, Ashwaq Y. and Al jobran, Bayan sultan and Alhaj, Ibrahim Mahmoud}, title = {Pathogenesis, Treatment and Impact on Quality of Life in Psoriasis}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2589-2595}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042233}, abstract = {Background: psoriasis is a papulo-squamous disease with different morphology, severity, distribution and course of disease. The aim of the treatment was to reduce disease activity to a level that permits an acceptable quality of life with negligible toxicity from the treatment itself. About 25% of patients experience major psychological distress due to the disease. Its long duration along with comorbidities have a negative impact on quality of life. Aim of the work: we tried to understand the types, pathogenesis and management of psoriasis, and also try to understand its effect on the quality of life. Methodology: we conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE from January 1994 to March 2017. The following search terms were used: psoriasis, psoriasis classification, psoriasis management, quality of life in psoriasis patients. Aim of the work: we tried to understand the types, pathogenesis, and management of psoriasis, and also try to understand its effect on the quality of life. Conclusion: due to the chronic course, and its noticeable visibility on skin, many patients suffer from major social and psychological ill effects. In majority of the time the health care providers fail to recognize or treat such comorbidities. Healthcare providers must be educated to offer ways to tackle such issues in the management plan for better results  }, keywords = {Psoriasis,pathogenesis of psoriasis,management of psoriasis,impact on quality of life in psoriatic patients}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12011.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12011_188ed6f426560fa0cbd8468a6833dd80.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Comparison between Placental Site Injection of Vasopressin and Bilateral Internal Iliac Artery Ligation to Reduce Blood Loss during Cesarean Section for Placenta Praevia, A Randomized Controlled Trial}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2596-2600}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042234}, abstract = {Background: placenta praevia is an obstetric complication in which the placenta is inserted partially or completely in the lower uterine segment, A significant proportion of these cases is associated with life threatening hemorrhage during delivery, often by caesarean section in the vast majority of cases, many procedures introduced to overcome this problems, none of them is completely successful. Aim of the work:  this study aimed to compare between local vasopressin injection in the placental bed and bilateral internal iliac artery ligation on the blood loss during caesarean section for placenta praevia. Patients and Methods: this a randomized-controlled prospective trial included 60 pregnant women with a diagnosis of placenta praevia, they were categorized into 3 equal groups according to methods to control blood loss during cesarean section for placenta praevia. Group 1 included 20 pregnant women who underwent vasopressin injection at placental site. Group 2 included 20 pregnant women who underwent bilateral internal iliac artery ligation. Group 3 included 20 pregnant women   who underwent caesarean section without internal iliac artery ligation or local injection of vasopressin (The control group), comparison between groups were done and statistically analyzed. Results: there were statistical significant differences between the intervention and the control groups as regard estimated blood loss, Pvalue was  <0.001;  group 3(Control)  had more amounts of blood loss,there were no  statistical significant differences between group 1 and group 2 as  regard estimated blood  loss,  P value  was > 0.05 . Comparison between group1 and  group 2 showed that internal iliac artery ligation was significantly associated with prolonged operative time than vasopressin injection(Pvalue was <0.001). Conclusion and Recommendation: local injection of vasopressin at placental site seemed to be a promising modality for reducing blood loss during cesarean delivery for placenta praevia and was associated with similar reduction of blood loss and less operative time when compared with internal iliac artery ligation, may be done first before trying internal iliac artery ligation and needs no experience.    }, keywords = {Vasopressin,Bilateral Internal Iliac Artery Ligation,CesareanSection,Placenta Praevia}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12013.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12013_bf8b4a811931f7972d73eb7e9b718ff2.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd Elhamid, Ahmed and Hamdy, Ashraf and Sileem, Sileem Ahmed}, title = {A Single Large Dose of Tranexamic Acid before Vaginal Delivery: Is It Beneficial?}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2601-2606}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042235}, abstract = {Background: many factors are attributed in the management of postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery Objective: to assess the efficacy and safety of a single large dose of intravenous tranexamic acid in reducing postpartum blood loss after vaginal delivery. Subjects and Methods: this is a multicentric prospective randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. 240 pregnant women were randomized to receive either 60 mg/kg of TA (n=120) or placebo (n=120) intravenously in the second stage of labour. Postpartum blood loss was collected and measured accurately from placental delivery to 2 hours postpartum and adverse effects of were observed.                        Results: the mean estimated postpartum blood loss was significantly lower in women treated with tranexamic acid compared to women in the placebo group (241.5 ± 82.7 versus 322.8 ± 127.4, respectively; p < 0.001), and the proportion of women in the tranexamic acid group who had an estimated blood loss  ≥ 500 mL was significantly lower than in the placebo group ( 5 [4.2%] versus 18 [15%], relative risk [RR]=0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.11 to 0.78; P<0.05). Maternal and neonatal outcomes did not differ significantly between both groups.                    Conclusion: A single large dose of tranexamic acid administrated intravenously before vaginal delivery significantly reduces the amount of postpartum blood loss and contributes to prevention of PPH. Adverse effects were only mild and transient. Thus, tranexamic acid can be used safely and effectively to reduce bleeding after vaginal delivery.                                                                                                }, keywords = {Tranexamic acid,Postpartum Hemorrhage,vaginal delivery}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12015.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12015_4f7760a7c5da3896286676760305cda6.pdf} } @article { author = {A. Shobian, Mohammad Sameer and Hamdi, Amre and S. Bakhamees, Wael Hassan}, title = {Epidemiology of Sports-Related Injuries among Athletes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2607-2613}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042236}, abstract = {Practicing sports regularly has a known positive impact on the well-being of individuals; however, it exposes individuals to sports-related injuries. To date, scarce epidemiological studies are available about the prevalence of sports-related injuries in Saudi Arabia. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sports injuries among basketball and soccer players in Jeddah, and to compare the number and the severity of sports-related injuries between different types of sports. Patients and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted on 1054 participants aged between 10 and 60 years with sports-related injuries. Data were collected via personal interview or online surveys and analyzed using SPSS. Results: Males constituted 79.9% of participants. The median age of the sample was 24.8±7.8. 50% of injuries were related to soccer, 34% to basketball, and only 2% to swimming. Recreational practice constituted 78.9% of injuries, whereas 12.9% were professional and 8.5% were collegiate practitioners. About 38% were injured three–four times. Practicing for 2–4 hours weekly had the highest risk of injury, 62%, while the lowest rate was among practitioners for 11–14 hours weekly. 49% got injured outdoors. Ankle, knee, and hands and fingers injuries constituted 40%, 46%, and 27%, respectively. Twisting was the mechanism of injury in 56%. Over 50% needed rest for 1–4 weeks only. Conclusions: Soccer was the most common sport associated with injury. Recreational practice, few weekly hours, and outdoor practice had the highest risks. Twisting, ankle sprains, and ligamentous injuries were the most prevalent.  }, keywords = {Sports Injury,prevalence,severity}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12016.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12016_db0bab4ad825ff7d4fb57b439976e7f1.pdf} } @article { author = {Alqubali, Hind Fahad and Albalawi, Khalid Awd and Alswat, Abdulmajeed Eidhah and Aljebreen, Abdulaziz Abdullah and Alotaib, Khalid Essa and Aljehani, Haneen Saad and Almughamsi, Reyouf Abdulsalam and Hussain, Alaa Mohammad and Albiek, Hamidah Fawzi}, title = {Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension in Overweight and Obese People in Riyadh City, KSA 2017}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2614-2617}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042237}, abstract = {Background: overweight and obesity are well known risk factors for high morbidity and mortality rates and are associated with chronic diseases including hypertension and diabetes. Objectives: evaluating the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus type II (DMT2) in overweight and obese adult Saudi population. Methods: a cross sectional community based study was undertaken among 549 of overweight and obese Saudi subjects in Riyadh region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).All enrolled volunteers were subjected to the following clinical history taking, calculating BMI, diagnosis of HTN and measurement blood pressure. Results: the age of the subjects was 20-35 years old in 23.9%, 48.2% were 36-50 years old and 27.9% were older than 50 years old. About 55%of respondents were females and 45% were males. 60.8% of subjects were overweight and 39.2% were obese. The HTN and DM prevalence were found to be significantly higher among obese subjects than overweight group. Conclusion: the results indicated that obese subjects were at increased risk of hypertension and diabetes. Also, obese females were more susceptible to DM and HTN than men.    }, keywords = {Hypertension,Diabetes mellitus,Obesity,overweight,Riyadh}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12017.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12017_1454ac50d7175819dad8ea9c9ee98007.pdf} } @article { author = {BinAbd, Murtadha Mohammed A and AlDawood, Mishael Maki A and Altarfawi, Khulud Awad S and Al Muwais, Zahra Mohamed A and Al-Redwan, Aqeela Mowsa J and Alajyan, Eiman Saeed I and Aldajani, Fatimah Falah M and AlAbbad, Mohammed Riyadh A and Dehneen, Hassan Ali Y Al and AlHababi, Nedal Mohammed and AlHashem, Aqeel Ghassan A and AlHijab, Ali Mohammed H and Aljeshi, Hussain Abdulsamad and AlSaileek, Abdullah Ahmed}, title = {Breastfeeding Practice in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2618-2618}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042238}, abstract = {Background: Human milk meets all the nutritional requirements of infants for the first 6 months of life, and it is associated with a lower incidence of diarrhea than partial or artificial feeding. The infant should be exclusively breastfed for at least 4 months of life and if possible for 6 months, as recommended by WHO and UNICEF. Aim of the Study: was to assess the breastfeeding practice for children under 24 months in Arar city, as well as its relation to some sociodemographic and nutrition related variables. Participants and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Arar city, mothers were selected from the attendees of 6 randomly selected primary health care centers in the city. They were interviewed and filled in a questionnaire that included the key questions. Results: 11.8% of infants received exclusive breastfeeding, 39.7% received a mix of both breast and artificial feeding while 48.5% depended only on artificial feeding.  More than 50% of the studied infants were males, 70% of the mothers weren't working. No significant relationship between type of child feeding and child  age, sex, mother education, mother's working status, father's work or mother age group (P >0.05). About 2 thirds of children who had mixed feeding suffered from repeated gastroenteritis, delayed teething, standing and walking. Conclusion: In accordance with the obvious deficiency of exclusive breastfeeding in Arar city which is located in Northern Saudi Arabia, we highly recommend that programs promoting exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of age must be conducted to increase mothers’ awareness of the exclusive breastfeeding duration is recommended.  }, keywords = {breastfeeding,artificial feeding,Exclusive breastfeeding,Breastfeeding Practice,Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12020.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12020_85c1f8a7bfa67698a8742f251cd770c3.pdf} } @article { author = {Alzaidi, Marah Mohammed and Almir, Hassan Hamza A and Khormi, Afraa Qasim Ibrahim and Alltaleb, Yassmeen Mohammed and Al Muwais, Zahra Mohamed A and Alsaleh, Rehab Abdul Rahman and Alsaud, Nora Faisal and Alomar, Lama Mohammed and Shabkah, Reema Adnan and Khormi, Abdulrahman Hassan and Safi, Reyhana}, title = {Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome and Vit D Correlation with Fertility: Review Article}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2627-2631}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042239}, abstract = {Over the past few decades, vitamin D was proposed to be highly influential on female fertility and reproductive health. Its role was extensively studied and evaluated specifically in females with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Objectives: the aim of this research was to study the correlation between vitamin D and fertility in general, and in polycystic ovarian syndrome-associated infertility in particular. Methods: we searched Cochrane Library and PubMed for articles addressing the impact and role of vitamin D in fertility issues in females with polycystic ovary disease. Specifically-related topics were carefully reviewed and analyzed to summarize their conclusive results. Results and Discussion: Vitamin D was lower in females with PCOS and vitamin D administration had increased its level, improved metabolic disturbance and shortened inter-menstrual intervals in those patients. Patients with high vitamin D levels had a better success rate of in-vitro fertilization. However, it did not affect the time to pregnancy in PCOS women.  Conclusion: Vitamin D is beneficial for improving metabolic as well as reproductive functions in women with PCOS. It is also essential for successful in-vitro fertilization, and it is probably protective against endometriosis. However, results from different studies are contradictory, and still there is no solid evidence that there is a cause-effect relationship between vitamin D and fertility.    }, keywords = {polycystic ovary,PCO,Vitamin D,fertility}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12023.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12023_4dc712cc4aabf0a8c1e1cdd973bfc1f0.pdf} } @article { author = {Rashwan, Mohammed and Mahrous, Sara and Alandijani, Akram and Atallah, Hussam and Alsisi, Ghassan}, title = {The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Postoperative Complications between Open and Lab cholecystectomy among Al-Madinah citizens,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2017}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2632-2639}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042240}, abstract = {Background: Gallstone disease is common, and it is asymptomatic, patients may need an operative. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy becomes the choice for symptomatic gallstone disease intervention; open surgery was replaced by Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the cholecystolithiasis treatment, open surgery has different complications. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has several advantages over open surgery, but it has several complications also.                                                                                       Aim: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of postoperative complications of open and lab cholecystectomy in AL-Madinahcitizen. Method: This retrospective cross-section study included 205 patients from king Fahad hospital in Al-Madinah AL-Munwwarah. A questionnaire was conducted on the participant by interview to investigate different variables. Results: The percent of a female was 73.7%, and percent of a male was 26.3%, the bleeding complication represented 19.5%, infection was 3.9%, biliary leakage was 3.9%, and wound infection was 1.5%. The mean duration of recovery was 3.56 days while the mean duration for returning back to work was 12.37 days. Lap operation had less duration for recovery than an open operation.                                                       Conclusion: Bleeding was the most common complication among patients, lap group patients experienced complications less than the open group. Male gender, age, obesity, the emergency of operation, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, thyroid and heart disease were not risked factors for complications.           }, keywords = {LC,open surgery,Gallbladder operations}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12024.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12024_408a05ef4f78cd701614f750c831e52f.pdf} } @article { author = {Fatani, Bayan Zaid and Aldawod, Razanabdullah and Alhawaj, Abdulwahab and Alsadah, Sajedaali and Slais, Fatimah Radi and Alyaseen, Eman Nasser and Ghamri, Abdulaziz Sami and Banjar, Jumanaahmad and Qassaim, Yahya Alhussain}, title = {Schizophrenia: Etiology, Pathophysiology and Management - A Review}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2640-2646}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042241}, abstract = {Introduction: Diagnosis of schizophrenia is largely a clinical assessment of a group of signs and symptoms. There are various factors that can be a cause or a risk factor for creating this disorder; some preventable and some non-preventable. The treatment options are diverse and are continuously being studied in order to enhance results and minimize adverse effect of various forms of therapy.  Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1987, through March 2017. The following search terms were used: schizophrenia, etiology of schizophrenia, pathophysiology, clinical features, and treatment of schizophrenia Aim: Our aim in this study was to understand the etiology, pathophysiology, and study various lines and advancement in management of schizophrenia. Conclusion: In the recent years, many treatment options are emerging where newer drugs and their combination with or without non-pharmacological therapy have shown promising results. More studies must be done to implement advanced regimens for treatment of schizophrenia.     }, keywords = {Schizophrenia,genetic cause of schizophrenia,pharmacologic management of schizophrenia}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12025.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12025_34e1750a2bc54653c6e362883d940504.pdf} } @article { author = {Sumayli, Ali Mansour Taher and Boqursain, Saad Khalid Saleh and Alnuwaiser, Ahmed Abdalmuhssen and Sari, Abdulrahman Abdullah Ali and Albaqawi, Rahaf Abdalaziz Odah Albaqawi and Mania, Khalid Mohammed Yahya and Najmi, Albaraa Abdullah Mohammed and Jaafari, Ahmed Ali Ahmed and Daghriri, Mohammad Ali Mousa}, title = {The Effectiveness of Gamma Knife Surgery in the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Systematic Review}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2647-2651}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042242}, abstract = {Introduction:  Gamma knife surgery is one of the stereotactic surgery which recently used in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia due to its minimally invasive nature. The short-term effectiveness of gamma knife surgery in a reduction of pain episodes among patients with trigeminal neuralgia are reported by several studies. However, few studies elaborated the long-term effectiveness of gamma knife surgery. Objective: This review aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of gamma knife surgery by reviewing of pain relief rates and recurrence rates reported by the included studies. Methods: The electronic search was conducted in Medline, EmBase and Science direct databases using the key words of (Gamma knife surgery AND trigeminal neuralgia). The search of the literature, after exclusion of irrelevant, duplicated and review studies revealed 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. The data extraction conducted using data extraction sheet regarding characteristics such as duration of symptoms, number of trigeminal divisions involved, lack of sensation or surgery before surgery, anatomical results in the operation, the rate of pain relief and pain recurrence rate. Results: The history of surgery and medications before gamma knife radio surgery was assessed by included studies. It was found that only one study used gamma knife surgery as their first treatment of choice with no prior surgery. The pain relief rate ranged from 73.8% to 96% while pain recurrence rate, which reported in four included studies ranged from 2% to 26.3%. Conclusions: The gamma knife surgery was not the first surgical choice of treatment in most of the studies. The reported pain relief rates associated with this new technique were generally high while pain recurrence rates were low. As the worst reported scenario found about a quarter of patients complained of pain recurrence following gamma knife surgery.  }, keywords = {Gamma knife,trigeminal neuralgia,Neurosurgery,pain management}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12027.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12027_4acad2e1bf1ccff87dfca3a6c3a0c926.pdf} } @article { author = {Daghriri, Mohammad Ali Mousa and Mashi, Hanan Mothaqab and Daghriri, Yasser Mossa and Jaran, Maryam Ismail and Alhazmi, Ali Mohammed Naser and Mohajer, Ahmad Ali and Madkhali, Jnadi Mohammed Jaber and Sumayli, Ali Mansour Taher and Mobasher, Wejdan Ali Merzzen}, title = {Association between Dementia and Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2652-2657}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042243}, abstract = {Background: The association between diabetes mellitus and dementia is not well-established such that found between diabetes mellitus and vascular diseases. This article aimed at reviewing the longitudinal prospective studies which evaluated the association between diabetes mellitus and incidence of dementia among different age groups of patients. Methods: An electronic search was performed by Google Scholar, PubMed, and Sciencedirect to identify all relevant articles. The number of eligible articles based on titles and abstracts were 21 eligible articles. After that, the irrelevant, duplicated and other reviews studies were excluded based on, which resulted in the exclusion of 13 irrelevant articles. Finally, 7 articles were included in this review. The data collected about mean age of the population, type and duration of diabetes, the strength of association and the statistical significance. Results: The strength of association between dementia and diabetes mellitus varied in the included studies, the reported ratios varied from a relative risk of 1.2 to a 4.77. Regarding the statistical significance of these associations, all the studied articles revealed significant associations with P values less than 0.05. Conclusion: This review supported the evidence of the association between diabetes mellitus and occurrence of dementia depending on the findings of the recent epidemiological studies.  }, keywords = {Dementia,Diabetes mellitus,Alzheimer,cognitive}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12028.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12028_fe01781ba7f2ecb539c408ec5ec012b1.pdf} } @article { author = {Alshammari, Abdullah S and Alshammari, Hotoon S}, title = {Use of Social Media and Other Electronic Media in Health Education and Health Promotion (Pilot Study}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2658-2662}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042244}, abstract = {Background: social media is becoming progressively used for improving health literacy and health promotion. Objectives: this study aimed to find out the magnitude of use of social media among people of Saudi Arabia and how far they were used to send health education messages. Methods: this study was a cross sectional study was conducted on convenient sample of participants using survey monkey software. The collected surveys over one month were entered into PC computer using SPSS software. Results: it was found that the majority of participants used one sort of social media or another. Also it was found that Instagram, WhatsApp and SMS were the most preferred media. There were age and gender differences.  More than 50% of the participants received health promotion messages and they thought that it was a good idea.  Methods: A Cross sectional study was conducted on convenient sample of participants using survey monkey software. The collected surveys over one month were entered into pc computer using SPSS software. Results: it was found that the majority of participants uses one sort of social media or another. Also it was found that Instagram, WhatsApp and SMS were the most preferred media. There were age and gender differences.  More than 50% of the participants received health promotion messages and they thought it was a good idea. Conclusion: it’s a good opportunity to use these preferred social media to send health education messages to the target population.  }, keywords = {Electronic Media,social media,health education}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12029.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12029_371ab8a0686694d8746b251f501d8146.pdf} } @article { author = {Alalawi, Mohammed Saeed M and Aljabran, Hussain Abdullah M and Alkhamri, Abdullah Mohammed and Alwahbi, Abdulrahman Mohammed and AlQarrash, Zahra Ibrahim and Iraqi, Hussain Abdulillah M and Alonazi, Mohammed Saleh M and Alotaibi, Abdulaziz Raja Najim and Alahmari, Majed Ali Mohammed and Alnuwaiser, Ahmed Abdalmuhssen A and Mimarji, Feras Khalid A. and Al-Enezi, Abdullah Atallah and Alabbad, Naif Ahmed A and Alhayki, Alaa Hassan and Farran, Mashail Hashim H}, title = {Glasgow Coma Scale in Anticipation of Sepsis and Septic Shock: Review Article}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2663-2666}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042245}, abstract = {Evaluation of level of consciousness has become essential for anticipation of sepsis and septic shock. Both the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and the quick SOFA score utilize the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) for screening of sepsis. Objectives: the aim of this review is to determine and study the role of Glasgow coma score in anticipation of sepsis and septic shock. Methods: To achieve this aim, we have searched online database, namely PubMed and Cochrane Library for studies and review articles assessing the significance of assessment of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) for anticipating sepsis or septic shock. Thirteen appropriately-related studies were selected for review. Results: Disturbed sensorium was found to be a sensitive early indicator for sepsis, thus GCS is used for assessment of both the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and quick SOFA scores qSOFA scores. Lower GCS scores were associated with high mortality rates. Discussion: Encephalopathy is an early sign of sepsis and septic shock. Glasgow Coma score (GCS) was a good indicator of neurological dysfunction evaluated by the SOFA and qSOFA scores. The use of GCS was also a predictor of mortality in patients with sepsis. Some researchers, however, reported that GCS was not the best tool for measuring brain dysfunction in sepsis. Conclusions: Glasgow coma score can anticipate sepsis and septic shock, and predict the outcome of sepsis.  }, keywords = {Glasgow Coma score,Sepsis,Septic shock}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12031.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12031_4e57ac972629164625993c2c049d57c6.pdf} } @article { author = {Aly, Mona Mohamad}, title = {Evaluation of Choroidal Thickness in Diabetic Macular Edema Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Enhanced Depth Imaging Mode}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2667-2674}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042246}, abstract = {Purpose: to evaluate the choroidal thickness (CH-T) and the central macular thickness (CMT) in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) and to detect if CH-T varies according to the type of DME. Patients and methods: One hundred forty two eyes of 96 patients were enrolled in the study. Eyes of diabetic patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) with/without DME were evaluated. Eyes of normal subjects with no ocular or systemic diseases were included as a control group. The CMT and the underlying choroidal thickness were estimated using enhanced depth imaging mode of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI SD-OCT). CH-T thickness was measured at the subfoveal area and at an interval of 500 μm up to 1500 μm from the center of the fovea (nasal, temporal, superior and inferior). In eyes with DME, the type of DME was detected. Results: DME included cystoid DME (19 eyes), diffuse DME (27 eyes), and DME with serous retinal detachment (SRD) (23 eyes). 33 eyes with NPDR without DME and 40 non diabetic normal eyes were examined. Estimation of the choroidal thickness was performed and the subfoveal CH-T was thickest in the control group and significantly decreased in the diabetic groups especially with DME. The sub-foveal CH-T was 326±25.75 μm in the control group, 256.27±30.5 μm in NPDR without DME group, 210±23.96 μm in Cystoid DME group, 215.5±27.0 μm Diffuse DME group and 195.2±23.9 μm in DME with SRD group. The CMT was 238.75 ± 14.7 μm, 260.85 ± 24 μm, 530± 120.5 μm, 420.8± 101.6 μm and 506.60± 131.87 μm in the control group, NPDR without DME group, Cystoid DME, Diffuse DME and DME with SRD groups respectively. There was a statistically insignificant negative correlation between the subfoveal choroidal thickness and the CMT. Conclusion; there is an overall decrease in the CH-T in patients with NPDR and this thinning become more pronounced with the presence of diabetic macular edema.  }, keywords = {Diabetic Macular Edema,choroidal thickness,enhanced depth imaging,spectral-domain optical coherence tomography}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12050.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12050_a48ed53ee1c83cb3c817bdf556676e72.pdf} } @article { author = {Almulhim, Khaled Saleh and Abdulhakim, Ibrahim and Mubarak, Al Sheikh and Hussain, Marwan Abdul Rahman Al-Shaikh and Alhaddad, Mohammed Sami and Alotaibi, Nasser Khalid and Alyahya, Khalid A.}, title = {Assessment of Knowledge Attitude and Practice of Epistaxis in Saudi Population}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2675-2679}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042247}, abstract = {Background: epistaxis is acute hemorrhage from the nasopharynx or the nose. Epistaxis is a common otorhinolaryngology, andit ranges from mild to a severe, life-threatening rhinological emergency. First aid is performed to reduce mortality and morbidity of the emergency case until obtaining medical support.  The aim of the work: this study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of first aid measures in Saudi population regarding epistaxis.   Patients and Methods: The present study included 1114 Saudi participants using a semi-modified questionnaire. The data was collected using excel sheet and analysis of data was performed by using SPSS. Results: There were 751 (67.4%) of participants knew about epistaxis management, while 363 (32.6%) didn’t know. The mean score ± SD of KAP was 8.25±1.9, the correlation between KAP with gender (P value=0.001), marital status (P value=0.02) and education (P value=0.004) was significant. Conclusion: knowledge of participants about epistaxis management was moderate, sex, marital status and education significantly affected KAP score.  }, keywords = {epistaxis,epistaxis first aids,KAP of epistaxis}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12051.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12051_0723426b666127fd38af710df074620e.pdf} } @article { author = {Alluheibi, Sarah Musaed and Allehaiby, Ahmad Hameed and Aseeri, Thekra Ali and Alqahtani, Abdullah Saeed A and Althumali, Jawaher Awaad and Abudaia, Omamah Abdu and Alanezi, Rawabi Samah and Al Mehdar, Amor Abdullah and Abu Qurain, Fatimah Hussain and Alghamdi, Basem Abdullah and Alokasi, Faisal Ahmad A and Aldamkh, Saeed Ali S and Alalawi, Duaa Khalid M and Aleidan, Abdulrahman Mohammed and Modhish, Moatasem Mohammed}, title = {A Review of Knowledge, Attitude and Prevalence of Flu Vaccination and Its Effect among Elderly}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2680-2684}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042248}, abstract = {Elderly individuals are very vulnerable to influenza infection, and more prone to influenza-related morbidity and mortality. However, the prevalence of elderly persons receiving influenza vaccine remains low. Many factors have been proposed as the cause beyond this low prevalence, with knowledge and misconceptions about the vaccine on the top of the list. Objectives: the aim of this review is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and prevalence of flu vaccine and its effect among elderly. Methods: To achieve this aim, online database search was conducted to review articles stating knowledge, attitude, and incidence of flu vaccine and its effects among elderly. PubMed was searched for appropriately-related studies that address the studied parameters. PubMed search yielded 19 results, we quickly inspected the abstracts of these results to select those with most relevant data. Of 19 articles, 8 were chosen for review. Results: The prevalence of influenza vaccine ranged from 58% to 73%. Inadequate or lack of knowledge about the vaccine were common in over half of the elderly patients not receiving vaccine. The vast majority (>90%) of those received the vaccine did so after a clear recommendation by their physicians. Discussion: Inadequate knowledge and false beliefs about the influenza vaccines were the main cause of low vaccination rate among elderly. Physicians advice and health education were the most potent influencer on raising the prevalence of elderly immunization.  }, keywords = {Flu vaccine,Elderly,prevalence,Knowledge,Attitude,Effect}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12079.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12079_bcc425244579c1dada66fef0e7463995.pdf} } @article { author = {Al.Zubaidi, Maha Abdullah and Alsudairy, Njood Mohammad and Alzubaidi, Bayan Abdu and Alsadi, KhairyaAbdulrahman and Abulela, Areej Ahmad and AlQurashi, Samah Mohammed}, title = {Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude and Practice of Parents towards Epilepsy among Children in Jeddah City}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2685-2689}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042249}, abstract = {Background: one of the most common neurological disorders among pediatrics is epilepsy. The lack of knowledge about epilepsy would influence the life of affected children. Objectives: considering the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding epilepsy among children in Jeddah City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: this wasa cross sectional community survey design that was conducted from June to August 2017 on 930 adult Saudi parents. A pre-tested questionnaire was distributed among Saudi parents. The questionnaire included the demographics of included subjects and the source of their information, the knowledge, attitude and practice pattern. Results: all of the parents were heard before about epilepsy, but most of them had poor knowledge regarding the cause of the disease, the nature of epilepsy as neurological, but not mental disease and the surgical treatment of epilepsy. The majority of respondents had negative attitudes toward the ability of epileptic children to had normal life. The level of practice was inadequate among most of parents as most of them did not know how to deal with epileptic children with seizures and most of them would avoid dealing with epileptic children. The KAP was inadequate among 78.2% of parents and was good among 21.8% of them. Conclusion: most of Saudi parents had poor knowledge regarding the epilepsy that resulted in poor attitude and practice misconceptions. The adequate education about epilepsy would increase the incidence of disease management.  }, keywords = {Knowledge,Attitude,Practice,Epilepsy,Saudi parents,Jeddah City,2017}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12080.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12080_b2e1b545f4af4662bda1137ef2d7fa58.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Rumaih, Mohammed Hamad and AlHarthi, Basim Khalid and Althobaiti, Atif Abdullah and Alghamdi, Khalid Ahmad and Alhabili, Adel Abdulkareem and Alsofyani, Rayan Abadel A and Alshaikh, Hammad Abdulmughni and Alshammari, Jaber Hathloul Muslim and Makhdoum, Anas Mustafa and Aljulaihim, Abdulmalek Abdulrahman}, title = {Assessment of Community Knowledge toward Joint Replacement Therapy in Jeddah City}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2690-2693}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042250}, abstract = {Background: the joint replacement surgery is a great advance in the orthopedic medicine with a longlife promise of knee or hip reconstructive surgery which may exceeds 20 years old. Objectives: this study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of community Saudi adults regarding the joint replacement surgery in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia (KSA), 2017. Methods: this was across sectional community based survey and it was conducted from May to August 2017 in Jeddah city among 670 adult Saudi subjects who were interviewed at shopping malls and community pharmacies. All the respondents answered a self-administrated questionnaire that considered the knowledge of respondents toward joint replacement therapy. Results: all the subjects heard before the term joint replacement therapy and the major source of information was from friends and relatives. Only nine subjects (1.3%) have undergone hip or knee replacement surgery. The level of awareness about joint replacement surgery was adequate in only 30.9% of subjects and insufficient among 69.1% of subjects. The higher level of awareness was significantly associated with old age. Conclusion: the level of awareness was inadequate among most of Saudi participants about the causes and effects of the joint replacement surgery. There is urgent need for public education about the joint replacement surgery to address the concerns and advantages of the surgery through media, internet and health educational campaigns.  }, keywords = {Knowledge,joint replacement surgery,Jeddah,2017}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12081.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12081_077e7c0640f2efe9ba0d2d5dd0c9d806.pdf} } @article { author = {Alhathloul, Hisham Sameer and Almasabi, Mohammed Ahmed and Lodhi, Abdulghani Mohammad and Alghamdi, Atheer Majed}, title = {Role of Prophylactic Thyroid Neck Dissection in Papillary Thyroid Cancer}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2694-2697}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042251}, abstract = {Background: the utility and efficacy of prophylactic central neck dissection with total thyroidectomy for treatment of differentiated thyroid cancers has been debated in the literature over the past few decades. Proponents of prophylactic central neck dissection support its routine use with the notion that it reduces local recurrence, increases accuracy in TNM staging and reduces surgical morbidity associated with reoperation. Conversely, those against the use of routine prophylactic central neck dissection argue there was no clear evidence which showed a reduction in recurrence or added benefit to survival, while the procedure increased the risk for complications and morbidity. This article discussed the role of prophylactic central neck dissection in the setting of thyroid cancer and reviewed recently published literatures to evaluate efficacy and safety of this procedure.The papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common disorder with favorable prognosis around the world. PTC has 90% survival rate, but the most important challenge was the lymph node metastases that would result in disease recurrence. There is a debate about the utility of prophylactic central neck dissection in the area of PTC. The available studies for performing PCND showed a difficulty in predicting its outcomes, but PCND could provide potential reduction in the recurrence rates and risks of performing another surgery in the neck. This review discussed the PCND advantages compared to its long term outcomes and morbidity.  }, keywords = {papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC),prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND),Metastases,lymph node}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12082.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12082_1799be664f20d093807cbbf773ed3f9d.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelmegeed, Amal Said Morsey and Bassim, Hadia Hussein and Girgis, Samia Abdou and Saber, Sally Mohamed and AbdelHamid, Dalia Hosni and Mahmoud, Ramy Mohamed}, title = {Detection of Fluoroquinolones Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas species Using Molecular Techniques}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2698-2702}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042252}, abstract = {Background: quinolone resistance is traditionally mediated by chromosomal mutations mutation of DNA gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV or by the mutation of genes regulating the expression of efflux pumps, until PMQR was described in a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae in 1998.PMQR genes generally confer low-level resistance, with their MICs falling below Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints for intermediate resistance; therefore, their contribution to quinolone resistance can be masked in strains also harboring QRDR mutations in gyrA and parC. However, their clinical significance stems from the fact that they greatly facilitate the selection of more highly quinolone-resistant strains. Although the PMQR mechanism only confers low-level resistance to FQs, its association with the occurrence of mutations in QRDR can lead to clinically relevant resistance levels. These PMQR determinants are increasingly being identified worldwide in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. Aim of the work: this study aimed to identify different mechanisms of fluoroquinolones resistance and determine fluoroquinolones resistance pattern among the studied isolates. Material and methods: this study was carried on 100 non duplicate clinically relevant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. recovered from clinical specimens referred to Central Microbiology Laboratory, Ain Shams University Hospital for routine culture and sensitivity, aiming to 1) Determine the occurrence of plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolones resistance (PMQR) determinants by multiplex PCR and chromosomal mutations by PCR-RFLP among Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. in clinical specimens. 2) Identify different mechanisms of Fluoroquinolones resistance. 3) Determine Fluoroquinolones resistance pattern among the studied isolates. Results: in this study we found that 77% of FQs resistant isolates were positive to one or more plasmids, oqxAB was highest recovered PMQR among Klebsiella. 78% were positive for gyrA mutations, gyrA gene mutations were higher in Pseudomonas, Asp-87mutation was 56/78(72%) higher than Ser-83 mutation 38/78 (49%) isolates.  }, keywords = {Fluoroquinolones,Enterobacteriaceae,Pseudomonas,Molecular Techniques}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12083.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12083_619f5b783624ae598b6597b4f46d56e3.pdf} } @article { author = {Alghamdi, Abdulrahman H.A. and Alamri, Ali M.A. and Alzahrani, Raed A.M. and A.M, Abdulrahman and Alghamdi, Alghamdi, Saeed Y.S. and Dokhaikh, Fahad A.A. and Alhabi, Osama H.A. and Alzahrani, Fares A.M.}, title = {Awareness about Causes and Risk Factors of Cataract among General Population of Albaha City}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2703-2710}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042253}, abstract = {Background: cataract is the most common age-related eye disease and the most treatable cause of visual impairment and blindness in adults. Aim of the work: this study aimed to assess the knowledge of Saudi population in Albaha city about cataract and its risk factors. Methods: this was a cross-sectional study that included a representative sample of 756 adults of the Saudi population in this region. Participants answered self-administered questionnaires consisting of items assessing the knowledge about cataract. Results: nearly half of the studed sample (50.5%) misunderstood cataract as a white membrane growing over the eye, while only 222 (29.4%) realized it as an increase in eye lens opacity. Moreover, this study revealed clearly deficient knowledge in the studied population about risk factors of cataract. High percent of participants (84%) did not know that incidence of cataract increases with positive family history. Likewise, there was a shortage of knowledge about the relationship of malnutrition, dehydration, hypertension and ultraviolet rays and the development of cataract. Fortunately, considerable numbers considered cataract as an age related disease and recognized that diabetes mellitus is a major precipitating factor to cataract. Conclusion: Saudi population in Albaha city had poor knowledge towards cataract and its risk factors. Hence, great efforts should be made to increase the knowledge and awareness of the general public about this disease.  }, keywords = {Cataract,Saudi population,Survey,risk factors}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12084.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12084_34883860d4cb233b1ffb82e12d9d1931.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Bestawy, Emtethal M. and Hegab, Ashraf S. and Abdel Hamid, Reda A. and Sewelam, Amal S.}, title = {Postnatal Developmental Changes of The Kidneys of The Albino Rat}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2711-2721}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042254}, abstract = {Background:  Being a highly immature organ at birth, the rat kidney is morphologically as fetal when compared with humans. Events that occur during fetal development might determine adult renal diseases. Aim of work: This study aimed to characterize the postnatal developmental changes of the kidneys in albino rats using light microscope from postnatal day (PND) 2 until PND 70. This may give references to pathologists when evaluating juvenile toxicology studies. Materials and Methods:  Ten healthy pregnant albino rats were used in this study. Twenty-five of their offsprings were obtained and divided according to age into five groups of 5 pups each.Group A: studied at PND 2. Group B: studied at PND 10.  Group C: studied at PND 20. Group D: studied at PND 30. Group E: studied at PND 70. Kidneys were removed, processed for light microscopic study and 5 mm thick paraffin sections were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. Results: Light microscopic examination of the renal cortex at PND 2 revealed subcapsular nephrogenic zone contained immature renal developmental stages, juxtamedullary zone contained formed glomeruli with medullary rays between the two zones. The renal cortex acquired maturation centrifugally with the superficial nephrons was the last to mature by PND 20. The papilla was the most mature region of the kidney and at PND2; it had the structural composition of the inner stripe of outer medulla. The papillary maturation involved a process of tubular elongation and increase in the interstitium until reaching adult structure by PND 20. At PND 2, the medulla was the most immature zone being formed of islets of tubular structures among abundant interstitium with high degree of undifferentiation. Its maturation involved tubular elongation and decrease of the interstitium with the outer medulla was the last to mature as late as PND 30. Consequently, the medulla remained immature for a relatively  long postnatal period, in comparison to the other  kidney regions. Conclusion: It was concluded that, rat kidney is immature at birth and kidney sub regions mature at different rates during postnatal development. The papilla was the first to mature (PND 20) followed by the cortex (PND 20) and finally the medulla (PND 30).     }, keywords = {postnatal development,kidney,rat}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12085.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12085_c7432bb2295b875726071f381535c7e8.pdf} } @article { author = {Zreaba, Mahmoud Eldoukali Ali and Nassef, Mohamed Amin and Abdel Rahman, Amgad Samy}, title = {Articular Cartilage Mapping through Novel Advances in MRI Techniques}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2722-2729}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042255}, abstract = {  Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a useful tool for clinicians and scientists to assess the health of cartilage and other soft tissues. Conventional MRI provides sufficient tissue contrast to detect morphological changes in cartilage where radiography cannot. However, changes in cartilage physiology prior to morphological changes cannot be visualized or measured with conventional MRI. The recent advances in MR sequences together with the implementation of higher resolution MRI due to high-field MR systems as well as sophisticated coil technology have overcome existing limitations and led to promising in vivo approaches in morphological and biochemical MRI of cartilage. Recently, quantitative MRI techniques such as T2, T2*, dGEMRIC (delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage), sodium imaging ((23)Na), chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and T1rho mapping have been shown to be sensitive to biochemical changes in cartilage. Advanced magnetic resonance (MR) sequences for cartilage evaluation are focused on the assessment of articular cartilage biochemical composition, more specifically to the collagen and glycosaminoglycan content. Aim of the Study: The aim of this work is to emphasize the role of new advances of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of cartilage disease. Conclusion: MRI provides a powerful solution for noninvasive imaging. Improvements have been made in morphologic imaging of cartilage in terms of contrast, resolution, and acquisition time. These improvements allow detailed maps of the cartilage surface to be developed that can be used to quantify both thickness and volume.  }, keywords = {MRI of cartilage,cartilage mapping,glycosaminoglycan,T2,T2*,dGEMRIC (delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage,MR sequenc}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12086.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12086_379ef658b835f1341a39aff2aaf2d631.pdf} } @article { author = {Alshahrani, Saud Mohammed Saeed and Alghamdi, Saeed Abdulrahman Saleh and Kadasah, Ali Saeed and Alshehri, Shubayli Hassan Hayazi and Kadasah, Sultan Khalid Saeed and Alqarni, Mohammed Abdullah Mohammed and Alshahrani, Mohammed Sharaf Saad and Alsuayri, Abdullah Mohammed Hassan and Kadsah, Mohammed Saeed}, title = {Congestive Heart Failure in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Dialysis}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2730-2735}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042256}, abstract = {Background: chronic kidney disease can lead to end stage renal disease which would require the patient to be on dialysis. Kidney diseases predispose patients to many complications, such as cardiovascular, hematological, endocrinological, and others. For a patient who is on dialysis, the damaging processes on the cardiovascular system resulting in congestive heart failure are accelerated, making it the biggest cause of mortality. Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: chronic kidney disease, end stage renal disease, congestive heart failure, indications of dialysis, hemodialysis, complications of dialysis, congestive heart failure in dialysis patients.Aim: in this review, we aim to evaluate the incidence, prevalence, pathogenesis, and outcome of congestive heart failure in a patient who is on dialysis due to chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: Congestive heart failure and chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis have a very bad prognosis of only three years, and there has been no improvement in prognosis from over twenty years. More studies and researches must be conducted in this topic in order to come up with better forms of therapy in order to decrease mortality and improve quality of life.}, keywords = {Chronic Kidney Disease,Congestive Heart Failure,heart failure on dialysis,pathophysiology of congestive heart failure with chronic kidney diseas}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12087.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12087_c1c71a9fbc8ad30be57a5f3963c0b556.pdf} } @article { author = {Alromail, Nedaa Mohammed A. and Halawani, Mahmoud Shehab and Malawi, Imtinan Abdulrahman and Almutairi, Abdulrahman Mubarak and Alsaib, Abdullah Abdulziz and AL-Osaimi, Bejad Nasha and Ali, Asmaa Idris and Althobaiti, Faisal Abdulrahman and Alghiryafi, Lamma Abdulmohsen A}, title = {Emergency Management of Stroke}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2736-2742}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042257}, abstract = {A stroke takes place when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted or there is bleeding in the brain. Within a short time, brain cells starts to die. It is critical to seek emergency care at the first sign of a stroke. Early treatment saves many lives and decreases the effects of stroke. If brain cells die or are damaged as a consequence of a stroke, symptoms take place in the parts of the body that these brain cells control. Examples of stroke symptoms comprised sudden weakness, paralysis or numbness of the face, arms, or legs (paralysis is an inability to move), trouble speaking or understanding speech and trouble seeing. A stroke is a serious medical condition that requires emergency care and may cause lasting brain damage, long-term disability or even death.    }, keywords = {stroke,Thrombolytic therapy,Emergency management,Ischemic stroke,prevention}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12088.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12088_a1a6aee7ec72de22bd295929bd21cf74.pdf} } @article { author = {Althubyani, Awatif Ahmed and Akbar, Alaa Jamal and Alenezy, Mohammed Mahmoud and Alsolami, Abdulilah Ateeq and Aleid, Saleha Ahmed and Alasmi, Saud Abdullah Naser and Hani M, Al Qahtany. Faisal and Alfadl, Yazeed WaleedO and Alnoor, Mohammed Taha A and Sangoura, Manar Ibrahim Y and Alraddadi, Waleed Eid and Sharourou, Afnan Shukri A}, title = {Diagnosis and Management of Thyrotoxicosis}, journal = {The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {2743-2749}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education}, issn = {1687-2002}, eissn = {2090-7125}, doi = {10.12816/0042258}, abstract = {Background: thyrotoxicosis is a hypermetabolic state due to excessive amounts of thyroid hormone in the circulation. There are several causes and the worst presentation is a thyroid storm, which is an endocrinal emergency. Clinically, thyrotoxicosis can present vaguely leading to misdiagnosis and mismanagement. Aim of the work: this study aimed to understand the clinical presentation of thyrotoxicosis, its diagnosis and ways of management. Methodology: we conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE from January 1987 to March 2017. Conclusion: due to its vague presentation, thyrotoxicosis can be misdiagnosed and managed wrongly, leading to life threatening condition called thyroid storm. Health care physicians must keep a high degree of suspicion in order to provide prompt therapeutic measures to avoid complications as well as death of patient.  }, keywords = {thyrotoxicosis,diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis,thyroid storm,management of thyroid storm,anti-thyroid drugs,Thyroidectomy}, url = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12089.html}, eprint = {https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12089_f0cf5ee34c03b40af42222ba53fc230d.pdf} }