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38C); (2) abnormal cerebrospinal fluid examination (pleocytosis>5 white blood cells/mL and/or increased protein content>40 mg/dL) with negative cerebrospinal fluid culture; (3) abnormal electroencephalography findings compatible with encephalitis such as diffuse or focal slow activity, or periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges; and (4)abnormal results of neuroimaging, including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (10),
,with age ranged from 6-144 Months; followed up In the period from September 2014 till March 2016.Basic clinical evaluation and laboratory investigations were done, GAD antibody level was measured in CSF and blood serum. Results: GAD receptor antibody titer was done in CSF which range from (36 -368 ng/l) with median of 64.83 (57.93-74.48), while in serum it range from (42.76-900) ng/l) with median 89.5(58.62-154.5).It was found that 6/50 (12%) patients had high GAD receptor antibody titer were high in CSF. The other 44/50 (88%) patients had low GAD antibody titer. In serum samples of twinty patients we had 8/20 (40%) patients had high GAD antibody titer and the rest were low GAD antibody titer 12/20 (60%).Significant occurrence of DCL, hospitalization plus mechanical ventilation and long term sequel were detected in patients with high GAD antibody titer. EEG findings; Two patients showed generalized epileptogenic activity, one patient had diffuse cortical dysfunction and two patient had multifocal epileptiform discharge and the rest of patients had normal finding. Eighty six precent had normal MRI findings,While 7 patients (14%) had non specific findings;3 patients had transient cortical meningeal enhancment,2 patients had high intensity in medial temporal lobe,one had abnormal signal intensity in medial temporal lobe and one patient had global brain atrophy. Conclusion: GAD Abs are directed against an intracellular antigen. The proposed pathogenic mechanisms of neurological disease in patients with antibodies directed against intracellular proteins is not clear. The present study emphasizes the importance of studying the CSF of patients with encephalitis suspected to be mediated by GAD autoimmunity.Both serum and CSF level must be assessed simultaneously as CSF level may change rapidly with fluctuation of disease. There are great efforts to be done to define the role of these GAD antibodies and to determine how they affect central nervous system function. These studies must be carried out so that appropriate treatments can be provided for the growing number of patients with possible antibody-mediated conditions.
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=25 mm or < 25mm; or lens opacity: Cataractous or clear lens. The mean error (ME) was calculated from the difference between the formula predicted refractive error and the actual post operative refractive error by the end of the followup (3 months postoperative).
Results: Mean axial length measured preoperatively was 27.47 ± 316mm (21.55-34.05) mm. 60 percent of the patients were within 0.5 D of the predicted refractive error and 90 percent were within 1.0 D. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall performance of the SRK/T formula between the mean error when dividing the patients into 2 groups according to: device used for IOL power calculation (P= 0.274); Axial length (P= 0.46); or lens opacity (P= 0.18) in precision of predicting postoperative refraction.
Conclusions : SRK/T formula helps in improvement of the accuracy of IOL power calculation and decreasing the postoperative refractive error. By using SRK/T formula, there was no statistically significant difference between the AL-scan or applanation ultrasound used in biometry.
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p. 1860−1863
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p. 1864−1873
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40. From 18 cases of the malignant, 7 cases were ≤ 40 and 11 cases > 40. Ranging of ADC value of benign tumors (1.72-2.58); mean ADC (2.21 ´ 10-3 mm2/sec). Ranging of ADC value of malignant tumors was 0.52-1.82. Mean ADC value was 0.90 ´ 10-3 mm2/sec. Cut-off ADC value ≤ 1.14 less than 1.14 was benign and more than 1.14 was malignant; sensitivity 94.4% and specificity 91.7%. Conclusion: DWI with ADC mapping and measurement of ADC value proved to be a valuable non –invasive tool in differentiating between benign and malignant musculoskeletal soft tissue tumors. Recommendations: a larger population for future studies is needed. Thus, histopathologic work up is required for reliable characterization of soft tissue tumors (4).
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