Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-20026120020101Quantitative Microscopic evaluation of Melatonin treatment of Experimentally Atherosclerotic Rabbit Aorta1141885210.21608/ejhm.2002.18852ENFE MattarDepartment of Histology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine in CairoAA IsmaelDepartment of Histology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine in CairoM.A KassemDepartment of Histology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine in AssiutH.A. SharafPathology Dept. National Research Center, Dokki-GizaIK IbrahimDepartment of Histology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine in AssiutJournal Article20181112Atherosclerosis is one of the most common diseases in Egypt. The exact etiology of the disease is still vague. However, Oxidative modifications of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) have been proposed to play a critical role in atherogenesis. Antioxidants have been proposed, therefore, to have a possible role in protection and/or prevention of atherosclerosis. The pineal gland hormone, melatonin, have been reported as an antioxidant. Recently melatonin has been proposed to interfere with one of the chain of events in the onset of atherosclerosis, that is, the formation of adhesion molecules. To test the role of melatonin in amelioration of atherogenesis, this work was designed to study the atherosclerosis-.related microscopic changes in the aorta of melatonin treated, high cholesterol fed rabbits. Thirty adult male rabbits were used throughout this work. The animals were fed a standard rabbit food free from cholesterol and antioxidants. The rabbits were divided into three groups each of 10 animals: Control (A) group, was raised on the ordinary diet alone for 6 weeks. Atherosclerotic induced, non treated (B) group was raised on the ordinary diet mixed with 1% cholesterol powder for a period of 6 weeks. Atherosclerotic induced, melatonin treated (C) group was raised on the ordinary diet mixed with 1% cholesterol powder and drenched 4.2 mg melatonin dissolved in saline solution daily at night for 6 weeks. The drug was given through naso-gastric tube under light ether anesthesia Paraffin sections of both control and experimental groups were prepared on the same slide. The sections were stained by haematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, orcein; or periodic acid Schiff (PAS). The endothelial thickness, relative collagen, elastic fibers, smooth muscle fibers and glycosaminoglycan content in control and experimental groups were evaluated by computerized image analyzer. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2000. The results revealed that the melatonin has antiatherosclerotic effects in experimental atherosclerosis in the rabbit aorta. Melatonin significantly reduced specific atherosclerotic lesions like fibrosis , smooth muscle atrophy, and decreased elastic fiber content in thoracic aortic wall. In conclusion, melatonin may be of value in the management of atherosclerosis by reducing its complications.Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-20026120020101Mitochondrial NADH Dehydrogenase gene (mtND2) Phylogeny of Egyptian Tilapia species15261885310.21608/ejhm.2002.18853ENMohammed H. AwwadDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Benha BranchJournal Article20181112NADH dehydrogenase is a very important protein and is expressed by the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase gene (mtND2). Dehydrogenase enzyme is used to remove hydrogen from its substrate, which is used in the cytochrome (hydrogen carrier) system in respiration to produce a net gain of ATP. Also, it reversibly catalyses the oxidation of NADH to NAD and reduced acceptor. The size of mtDN2 of Tilapia species and their hybrids is ~1050 base pairs and was detected by using the polymerase chain reaction technique. To identify the molecular phylogeny and the physical characteristics of mtND2 gene of Tilapia species were done by using the restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) with some restriction endonucleases(AccI, AvaII, AvaI, StyI, Bg1I and EaeI). The PCR-RFLPs of NADH dehydrogenase gene of Tilapia species and their hybrids may prove that the gene is quite evolution phylogenetic difference from one species to another. At the same time, This study investigated the feasibility of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) based approaches in addressing problems of identification of Tilapia species and their hybrids, isolated from the River Nile by using the PCR-RFLPs analysis of mtND2 gene.Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-20026120020101Protective Effects of Garlic Oil against Liver Damage Induced by Combined Administration of Ethanol and Carbon Tetrachloride in Rats27361885410.21608/ejhm.2002.18854ENAshraf B. Abdel-NaimDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy,
Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.Amani E. KhalifaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy,
Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.Sherif H. AhmedDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture,
Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20181112Herbs are known to play a vital role in the management of various liver diseases. Garlic oil (GO) contains numerous organosulfur compounds with potential hepatoprotective effects. The present work was planned to evaluate the possible preventive role of GO on biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by combined administration of ethanol (EOH) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rat liver. Two dose levels of GO (5 or 10 mg/kg/day) were administered orally to rats for 7 consecutive days with EOH + CCl4-induced liver damage. Activity of GO against liver damage was compared with that of silymarin (25 mg/kg/day, p.o. for 7 consecutive days). Biochemical parameters including serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (γ–GT), alkaline phophatase (ALP) and bilirubin were estimated to assess the liver function. In addition, the level of total proteins, triglycerides, total cholesterol, glutathione (GSH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), in liver tissues were estimated. Liver damage was evidenced by an increase in the activity/level of AST, ALT, γ-GT, ALP and bilirubin in sera of rats after the combined administration of EOH and CCl4 compared to normal animals. Pretreatment of rats with GO reduced the EOH + CCl4-induced elevated levels of the above indices. Similarly, GO significantly prevented the decline in total proteins and the increase in triglycerides and total cholesterol resulted after EOH + CCl4 administration in rat liver homogenates. In addition, GO pretreatment restored liver GSH levels decreased due to EOH + CCl4 administration. The elevation in liver TBARS level due to EOH + CCl4 administration was also prevented by pretreatment with both low and high doses of GO. Histopathological examination indicated that GO exhibited an obvious preventive effect against the centrilobular necrosis and nodule formation induced by EOH + CCl4 administration. In conclusion, GO exerts hepatoprotective actions against EOH + CCl4-induced toxicity in rats.Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-20026120020101Gastrocnemius – Soleus Mechanical Stretch in Relation to Gait in Lower Limb Burn37441885510.21608/ejhm.2002.18855ENMowafy Emam MowafyDepartment of P.T. For Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, EgyptAdel A. NossierDepartment of P.T. For Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, EgyptSalah Abd El GhanyDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.Amal M. Abd El BakyM.Sc. Student.Journal Article20181112This study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of the prolonged mechanical passive stretch (PMS) in elongating the gastrocnemius – soleus muscles and the reflection of that on some quantitative gait parameters and the range of motion (ROM) of both knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion. Twenty male patients were participated in this study, who were selected from Cairo University Hospitals with a second degree posterior leg burn and a total body surface area of 15-20%. They were divided randomly into two groups of equal number, group (A), 10 patients who were 20-30 years of age (X=25+3.4), that received the PMS plus the traditional physical therapy program (positioning and exercises) and group (B), 10 patients who were 20-30 years of age (X=24.4+3.75), that received only the same traditional physical therapy program and acted as a control group. Measurements were recorded before treatment and at the end of the first, second and third week of treatment (session for 30 minutes, twice/day, on 5 days / week bases for a total period of 3 weeks). A 16-meter walkway, tape measure and stop watch were used to measure the quantitative gait parameters, while a standard gomiometer was used to measure the knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion ROM. Results of this study revealed that the PMS was effective in elongating, the gastrocnemius – soleus muscles as reflected by the improved gait parameters as well as the ROM of both knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion.Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-20026120020101Histological and Histochemical Studies on the Role of Caffeine on Radiation damage of the Liver45621885610.21608/ejhm.2002.18856ENOmaima S. EssaNational Center for Radiation and Technology.Abdel Mawgood A. IsamilHistology Dept. Faculty of Medicine, AL-Azhar University Cairo, EgyptAshraf, M. MoustafeHistology Dept. Faculty of Medicine, AL-Azhar University Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181112The present study was designed to evaluate effect of caffeine to gamma irradiated rats. Forty eight female albino rats (120-150 gm) were divided into four groups (each of them 12 rats). The first group was considered as control. The animals in the second group were injected I.P. with caffeine (80 mg/Kg b.w.), the third group exposed to (7Gy) -radiation while the animals in the fourth group injected I.P with caffeine (80 mg/Kg. b. w.) 1 h prior to wholebody dose of -rays (7 Gy). Fresh liver specimens were obtained after 1 and 3 days of treatment. Paraffin sections were prepared for histological study (Hx & E.) and frozen sections were prepared for histochemical study for localization of both acid, alkaline phosphatases and succinic dehgdrogenase enzymes. The enzymatic activity was quantitatively evaluated and statistically analyzed. The obtained results showed that whole body -irradiation of rats induced definite microscopic changes in the liver represented by periportal fibrosis with some necrotic hepatic tissue. Meanwhile caffeine alone showed histological pattern more or less near to normal. On the other hand -rays combined with I.P. injection of caffeine revealed vaculated hepatocytes with dilated blood sinusoids. Histochemical changes were also observed showing significant increase in both acid phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase enzymes activity after one and three days post exposure while the alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity showed significant decrease after one day and increase after three days of exposure. Administration of caffeine (1, 3, 7-trimethylzanthine), a major component of coffee (80 mg/Kg body weight), 60 min prior to whole body lethal dose of gamma-irradiation (7 Gy) resulted in improvement of the radiation induced changes in the activity of measured enzymesPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-20026120020101Fluoxetine Hcl Induced Intrauterine Foetal Growth Retardation And Skeletal Malformation In Pregnant Mice63791885710.21608/ejhm.2002.18857ENM.O AliZoology Dept. Fac. Sci., Al-Azhar Univ., Nasr city , Cairo, Egypt.U.A Sharf-El DeenZoology Dept. Fac. Sci., Al-Azhar Univ., Nasr city , Cairo, Egypt.O.M El MenshawyZoology Dept. Fac. Sci., Al-Azhar Univ., Nasr city , Cairo, Egypt.S.A. BakryZoology Dept. Fac. Sci., Al-Azhar Univ., Nasr city , Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20181112Fluoxetine is antidepressant drug which widely known as Prozac® , is a fluorinated methyl phenoxy derivative of phenylpropylamine. Fluoxetine is a bicyclic antidepressant that differs structurally and pharmacologically from other currently available antidepressant agents. 80 pregnant mice were administrated oral doses of Fluoxetine (0.052, 0.104 & 0.208 mg/mouse /day) From 6th up to both 15th and 19th days of gestation. The pregnant mice treated with Fluoxetine HCl showed states of instability, nervousness, twitching of head, agitation, hazy movement and marked reduction in food intake as well as reduction in the body weight. The results of uteri examination of pregnant mice groups on both 15th and 19th days of gestation showed remarkable reduction in their size, dismorphology, length and number of implantation sites as well as large reduction in the number of still live embryos. Increase in the number of dead and resorbed mouse embryos was dose dependant. Also, the results showed reduction in both body weight and crown rump of mouse embryos. The treated mouse foetuses showed several malformations as diminution in size, exenocephalia and skeletal malformations.Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-20026120020101Comparative study on the effect of Gliclazide and two Antidiabetic plants used in Folk Medicine on Albino Rat's fetuses80981885110.21608/ejhm.2002.18851ENIbrahim G. IbrahimZoology department, Faculty of Science, Al – Azhar University for boys.Boshra El-SalkhZoology department, Faculty of Science, Al – Azhar University for girls.Nagwa ShawkiZoology department, Faculty of Science, Al – Azhar University for girls.M ShadiaFaculty of Pharmacy Cairo University.Hala M. Abou El-FotouhFaculty of Pharmacy Cairo University.Journal Article20181112The present study was designed to assess the adverse effects of gliclazide and two antidiabetic plants extracts on 15 &18 days fetuses of albino rat (Rattus norvegicus). The two antidiabetic plants extracts were aquatic extract of Aremisia herba alba (shih-balady) and alcoholic extract of Salix babylonica L. leaves (Om-Ashoor) which is known by salicin. The doses used were 4 mg / kg (Katsumata, and kastumata 1990) for the gliclazide drug (diamicron), 450 mg/kg for Artemisia herba alba (Al-Waili, 1986) and 1.5 gm/kg for salicin. Pregnant rats were given orally the applied does level every other day from the onset of gestation till the 15th or to the 18th day. The pregnant rats were divided into control group (G1); diabetic pregnant female rats (G2); Artemisia treated group (G3); salicin treated group (G4) and glicalzide treated group (G5). Fetuses showed diminution of size. Crown-rump lentght while the number of embryos increased in case of salicin treatment and decreased in case of gliclazide treatment due to increased resorption rate. The endoskeleton system of fetuses obtained from pregnant diabetic mothers (G2) showed normal ossification in all fetuses with enlarged skeleton. Some fetuses of Artemisia treated group showed major enoskeletal anomalies in the from of incomplete ossification of the skull bones, or missing in some skull bones, and also missing of caudal vertebrae. Salicin treated group fetuses showed lack in ossification of the nasal, frontal and complete absence of parietal bone. While gliclazide treated group fetuses showed moderate ossification of nasal and frontal bones. On the other hand parietal bone exhibited complete missing.