Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200241120101001Ultrastructure alterations of retinal photoreceptors of the black rat, Rattus rattus exposed to certain heavy metals4564691694610.21608/ejhm.2010.16946ENElsayed F. A. El-DawiDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptNaima I. NaguibHealth Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181019<span>Aim of work</span><span>: This study was designed to investigate the impact of lead and cadmium on the </span>
<span>retinal photoreceptors of rats. </span>
<span>Material &Methods: </span><span>Adult black rats, </span><span>Rattus rattus</span><span>, were selected and divided into control and exposed groups. The exposed group was housed in industrial car batteries room containing fumes of lead and cadmium. The retina prepared for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. </span>
<span>Results</span><span>: The scanning electron microscopy revealed different lead-cadmium changes represented by gradual increasing in spaces between segments of the photoreceptors, associated with swelling of their inner segments and accompanied with rupture, degeneration and decreased numbers of some rods and cones in the outer segments. Disorganization, shortening, a decrease in number of the photoreceptors and a great deformity were the characteristic changes after prolonged exposure to the heavy metals. The aforementioned damages of the photoreceptors were confirmed at the ultrastructural level using transmission electron microscope in the form of progressive disorganization, shortening, swelling, widening of the intradiscal spaces, vacuolization and degeneration of the lamellae of the outer segments (OS), followed by the damage of mitochondria of the inner segments(IS). Excessive penetration of the processes of the pigmented epithelium (PE) filled with pigments of different shapes and sizes between the damaged segments were noted. These pathological changes were considered the first symptoms in the retinal toxicity. </span>
<span>Conclusion</span><span>: The present results are alarming and call for further investigations to elucidate the impact of exposure to these heavy metals for longer periods on the rat vision and eye structure. </span>
<span> </span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200241120101001Biochemical, histological and histochemical studies of oat (Avena sativa) on hyperlipidemic rats.4704901694710.21608/ejhm.2010.16947ENEman G.E. HelalZoology Department(physiology), Faculty of Science, Al- Azhar UniversityAmira M. Salah EL-DinZoology Department(physiology), Faculty of Science, Al- Azhar UniversityFatma EidZoology Department(histology), Faculty of Science, Al- Azhar UniversityJournal Article20181019<span>Hyperlipidemia : is an elevation of lipids in the blood stream and these lipids include: fats, fatty acids, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, phospholipids, and triglycerides. Hyperlipidemia is associated with hepatic fat accumulation .<br /> </span><span>Material and methods: </span><br /> <span>Six groups (5rat/group) of female albino (</span><span>Rattus albinus) </span><span>were used. The 1</span><span>st </span><span>group used as control, in the 2</span><span>nd </span><span>group hyperlipidemia (25% fat & 2% cholesterol) was induced for 3 weeks only then sacrified , the 3</span><span>rd </span><span>group was hyperlipidemic rats for 3 weeks then left other 3 weeks without any additional treatment as a recovery period, the 4</span><span>th </span><span>group served as hyperlipidemic group for 3 weeks then treated with </span><span>Avena sativa </span><span>for another 3 weeks ( 200 g/Kg diet ), the 5</span><span>th </span><span>group was hyperlipidemic (25% fat & 2% cholesterol) for 6 weeks and the 6</span><span>th </span><span>group served as hyperlipidemic rats for 6 weeks, and at the same time given </span><span>Avena sativa </span><span>in diet (200 g/Kg diet). </span><span>Results:<br /> </span><span>The biochemical parameters showed highly significant increase in body weight, serum glucose, AST, ALT, GGT, LDH, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, while there was highly significant decrease in HDL- cholesterol.Many histopathological and histochemical changes were detected in liver tissue of the hyperlipidemic rats. Meanwhile, the treatment with oat ameliorated the biochemical parameters, histological and histochemical results<br /> </span><span>Conclusion:<br /> </span><span>It is recommend to use oat in diets for hyperlipidemic patients or those people who have hyperlipidemic family history.<br /> </span><span><br /></span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200241120101001The Values of Serum and Ascetic Fluid Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF- alpha), TNF-Receptor 1 and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in Patients with Cirrhotic Ascites4915011694810.21608/ejhm.2010.16948ENSahar S. ZalamDepartments of Clinical Pathology Al Azhar Faculty of Medicine for GirlsSalwa M El TaherTropical Medicine Al Azhar Faculty of Medicine for GirlsSamia Al TaherInternal Medicine Al Azhar Faculty of Medicine for GirlsAziza Khalil Omar SamyPhysiology Al Azhar Faculty of Medicine for GirlsHasnaa S. MoustafaBiochemistry -Al Azhar Faculty of Medicine for GirlsHelmy M ElshazlyInternal Medicine National Liver Institute-Menoufyia UniversityMohamed FaragInternal Medicine National Liver Institute-Menoufyia UniversityJournal Article20181019<span>Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is defined as an infection of initially sterile ascitic fluid (AF) without a detectable, surgically treatable source of infection. It is a frequent and severe complication of cirrhotic ascites. Because of the high morbidity and mortality of SBP, the rapid and accurate diagnosis is required. </span><span>Aim: </span><span>The present study aimed to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-r p55) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in both ascetic fluid and serum of patients with sterile and infected cirrhotic ascites to show their diagnostic values as compared to ascitic fluid culture and polymorphnuclear leukocyte (PMN) count. </span><span>Patients and methods: </span><span>TNF-alpha, TNF-r p55 and CRP were measured in both ascetic fluid and serum of 20 patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), in addition to 22 patients with sterile cirrhotic ascites. </span><span>Results: </span><span>The results of clinical examination showed a significant difference as regard abdominal pain, fever jaundice, upper GIT bleedings, encephalopathy and Sclerotherapy among both groups. The serum levels of CRP and TNF-alpha were significantly higher in patients with SBP as comparing to patients have sterile ascites, but TNF-r p55 serum level showed no significant difference. On evaluation of ascetic fluid parameters, total leucocytic count (TLC), plymorphnuclear (PMN) count , CRP, TNF-alpha, TNF-r p55 are significantly higher in SBP patient group than group of sterile ascites. Sensitivity and specificity of ascitic fluid PMN (cut-off value >250 cells/ mm3) in discriminating infected ascites from sterile ascites were 70% and 86.4%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of ascitic fluid CRP (cut-off value >1.0 mg/dL) in discriminating infected ascites from sterile ascites were 85% and 72.7%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of ascitic fluid TNF-alpha (cut off value >12 pg/ml) in discriminating infected ascites from sterile ascites were 80% and 63.6%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of TNF-r p55 (cut-off value >6.2 pg/ml) in discriminating infected ascites from sterile ascites were 75% and 68.2%, respectively. </span><span>Conclusion: </span><span>We concluded that, the elevated serum and ascetic fluid levels of CRP, TNF-alpha and TNF-r may suggest their role in the pathogenesis of ascetic fluid infection and their higher sensitivity and specificity make them to be good discriminators in ascetic fluid infection (especially a cheap and easy ascitic fluid CRP levels). Thus may help in rapid diagnosis and early start empirical antibiotic therapy without waiting the culture results. </span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200241120101001Anti-müllerian hormone, inhibin B and antral follicle count as markers of premature ovarian failure in women with type I diabetes mellitus5025141694910.21608/ejhm.2010.16949ENAlshimaa A . Abd ElatifGynecology and obstetric Al Azhar University, Faculty of Medicine for Girls.Sabah I . Abd ElreheemClinical pathology Al Azhar University, Faculty of Medicine for Girls.Amany M. E . Abd ElmegeedClinical pathology Al Azhar University, Faculty of Medicine for Girls.Hoda Mahmoud Abd El WahabRadiodiagnostic Departments, Al Azhar University, Faculty of Medicine for Girls.Journal Article20181019<span>Objective</span><span>: </span>
<span>To evaluate the different markers of ovarian reserve (AMH-Inhibin B , FSH and antral follicle count (AFC) in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ( IDDM). </span>
<span>Methods: </span>
<span>We studied 30 patients with IDDM as study groups (10cases>32 years group IV and 20 cases 32 years group II) and 20 healthy women as control groups (8 cases >32 years group III and 12 cases 32 years group I . Serum levels of FSH, LH, inhibin B and AMH were measured at (days </span>
<span>1-7) of menstrual cycle and AFC was done by trans vaginal ultrasound. </span>
<span>Results: </span>
<span>AMH levels were lower in IDDM patients than in controls > 32 years (2.35 2.2 versus </span>
<span>7.79<br /> difference in the levels of FSH .. AFC is valuable for the diagnoses of premature ovarian failure in IDDM. </span>
<span>1.73 p0.000). Also IDDM groups showed lower levels of inhibin B. While there is no </span>
<span>Conclusion: </span>
<span>Compared with FSH (AMH and inhibin B) are more valuable for the diagnosis of premature ovarian aging in IDDM patients which developed earlier decline in the ovarian follicle pool compared with the healthy women and also AMH is more valuable than AFC for detection of premature ovarian failure in IDDM. </span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200241120101001The Pattern of Pacemaker Induced Tricuspid Regurgitation5155191695010.21608/ejhm.2010.16950ENZiad DrabaaAdult Cardiology Department/ Queen Alia Heart Institute/ King Hussein Medical Center.Mohammed HolyAdult Cardiology Department/ Queen Alia Heart Institute/ King Hussein Medical CenterMarwan NemriAdult Cardiology Department/ Queen Alia Heart Institute/ King Hussein Medical Center.Journal Article20181019<span>Objective: </span><span>To determine the frequency and significance of tricuspid regurgitation in patients </span>
<span>who underwent a single lead permanent pacemaker implantation. </span>
<span>Methods: </span><span>This is a retrospective study conducted at Queen Alia Heart Institute in Amman- Jordan during the period 2006 to 2009. A group of 67 patients who had a single lead permanent pacemaker implantation in that period was involved in the study.<br /> For each patient a transthorasic two dimensional echocardiography was done 6 - 12 months after insertion of the pacemaker; checking for the presence of tricuspid regurgitation and its degree. </span>
<span>Results: </span><span>Males constituted 68.7% of the study sample.<br /> The majority (91%) of patients in the study group had their permanent pacemaker due to complete heart block.<br /> Tricuspid regurgitation following insertion of permanent pacemaker was found to be mild in the majority (92.5%) of patients.<br /> Significant and gross tricuspid regurgitation was not common and found only in males. </span>
<span>Conclusion: </span><span>Tricuspid regurgitation after permanent pacemaker is usually mild in short term follow up. However echocardiography check up is recommended to monitor the degree of tricuspid regurgitation progression in chronic term particularly in the elderly males and smokers. </span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200241120101001MATERNAL SERUM CALCIUM AND TRACE ELMENTS; COPPER AND ZINC AMONG PRE-ECLAMPTIC WOMEN IN CAIRO, EGYPT5205311695110.21608/ejhm.2010.16951ENEssam A. El-MoselhyDepartments of Community MedicineHesham H. AminClinical Pathology Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityHani M. Abd El-AalObstetric & Gynecology Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityJournal Article20181019<span>Introduction</span><span>: Low levels of blood calcium (Ca) and trace elements are observed in patients with pre-eclampsia (PE). Among these patients low serum Ca, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) may be one of the disease causes. </span><span>Objectives</span><span>: The aim of this study was to find out the serum biochemical profile of these elements in the studied pre-eclamptic women. </span><span>Subjects and methods</span><span>: A case- control, hospital based study design was used. All the cases and controls were examined laboratory. </span><span>Results</span><span>: Maternal mean serum Ca, Cu and Zn were lower among pre-eclamptic cases compared to normal pregnant controls with statistically significant differences (P= 0.000 for each of them). Further, maternal mean serum Ca, Cu and Zn were lower among the severe PE cases compared to the mild cases with statistically significant differences (P=0.002, 0.000 and 0.000, respectively). Also, these low elements; Ca, Cu and Zn were significantly correlated factors with severe PE (P=0.01, 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). </span><span>Recommendations</span><span>: Early ante-natal care and treatment for pre-eclamptic women are recommended. Ca, Cu and Zn supplementation may be a cost effective method to prevent PE. Prospective population based studies are needed in different areas in Egypt and on large number of pregnant women to determine possible PE risk factors. </span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200241120101001The Effect of Thymoquinone on the Activities of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes Following Gentamicin - Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats5325391695210.21608/ejhm.2010.16952ENAbdulla Ayead AlharthiDepartment of Pediatrics College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaHatim Ali ElsheikhDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20181019<span>Objectives: </span><span>The present study investigated the effects of thymoquinone on the renal activities of drug-metabolizing enzyme following gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar breed rats. Intraperitoneal administration of thymoquinone alone in rats at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg daily for ten consecutive days did not produce toxic effects in the kidney or change its drug metabolizing capacity. </span>
<span>Results: </span><span>However, nephrotoxicity was produced in Rats injected intraperitoneally with gentamicin daily at the dose rate of 80 mg/kg body weight for ten consecutive days, where there was significant increase in the concentrations of serum creatinine and blood urea compared to control rats (P < 0.0005) and those treated with thymoquinone alone (P < 0.0005), or those given thymoquinone and gentamicin concomitantly (10 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg intraperitoneally daily for ten consecutive days, respectively) (P < 0.0005). In addition, injection of gentamicin illustrated a tendency to decrease, although not statistically significant, in the kidney concentration of reduced glutathione. Furthermore, gentamicin administration resulted in a significant decrease in the renal concentration of cytochrome P-450 (P < 0.05), while it could not produce significant changes in the renal activities of phase II drug metabolizing enzymes namely, UDP- glucuronyltransferase and glutathione-S-transferase compared to values obtained for control rats and those treated with thymoquinone alone or coadministered with gentamicin. These findings confirm the nephrotoxic effects of gentamicin and its ability to decrease the renal activities of phase I drug metabolizing enzymes as shown by the significant reduction in the concentration of cytochrome P-450 in the kidneys of treated rats. </span>
<span>Conclusion</span><span>: It can be concluded that thymoquinone coadministration with gentamicin can induce protective effects against gentamicin nephrotoxicity accompanied with restoration of the concentration of cytochrome P-450 to normal levels in the kidneys of treated rats. </span>
<span> </span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200241120101001Relationship between HCV infection and Insulin resistance in non-obese non- diabetic patients5405501695310.21608/ejhm.2010.16953ENMostafa K. MohamedDepartment of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University.Gamal EsmatDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Cairo UniversityMohamed SaidDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Cairo UniversityMohamed Abdel HamidViral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research InstituteMohamed HassanyDepartment of Tropical Medicine, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute.Mohamad A. HassaneinDepartment of Tropical Medicine, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute.Kamal A. El- AtrebiDepartment of Tropical Medicine, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute.Helmy El GazzarDepartment of Clinical pathology, Hearing and Speech Institute, Egypt.M S. OmarDepartment of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bani Sewif University.Journal Article20181019<span>Background:</span><span>Hepatitis</span><span>C</span><span>is</span><span>a</span><span>major</span><span>cause</span><span>of</span><span>liver-related</span><span>morbidity</span><span>and</span><span>mortality</span><span>and</span><span>represents</span><span>a major</span><span>public</span><span>health</span><span>problem</span><span>in</span><span>Egypt</span><span>and</span><span>worldwide.</span><span>There</span><span>is</span><span>growing</span><span>evidence</span><span>as</span><span>regard</span><span>to</span><span>the association</span><span>between</span><span>hepatitis</span><span>C</span><span>virus</span><span>(HCV)</span><span>infection</span><span>and</span><span>type</span><span>2</span><span>diabetes</span><span>mellitus.</span><span>However,</span><span>the mutual</span><span>link</span><span>and</span><span>related</span><span>virological</span><span>implication</span><span>have</span><span>not</span><span>been</span><span>fully</span><span>clarified.</span><span>Insulin</span><span>resistance</span><span>(IR) plays</span><span>a</span><span>primary</span><span>role</span><span>in</span><span>the</span><span>development</span><span>of</span><span>type</span><span>2</span><span>DM.</span><span>This</span><span>is</span><span>supported</span><span>by</span><span>the</span><span>results</span><span>of</span><span>prospective longitudinal</span><span>studies</span><span>showing</span><span>that</span><span>IR</span><span>is</span><span>the</span><span>best</span><span>predictor</span><span>of</span><span>the</span><span>development</span><span>of</span><span>type</span><span>2</span><span>DM,</span><span>preceding its</span><span>onset</span><span>by</span><span>10-20</span><span>years. </span><br /> <span>Aim:</span><span>To</span><span>assess</span><span>the</span><span>correlation</span><span>between</span><span>HCV</span><span>morbidity</span><span>and</span><span>Insulin</span><span>resistance</span><span>(IR)</span><span>detected</span><span>by </span><span>HOMA</span><span>test</span><span>in</span><span>none</span><span>diabetic</span><span>none</span><span>obese</span><span>HCV</span><span>patients </span><br /> <span>Materials</span><span>&</span><span>Method:</span><span>The</span><span>study</span><span>participants</span><span>were</span><span>subcategorized</span><span>into</span><span>two</span><span>groups,Group</span><span>(I): </span><span>included</span><span>867</span><span>healthy</span><span>subjects</span><span>(negative</span><span>HCV</span><span>RNA)</span><span>as</span><span>a</span><span>control</span><span>group.</span><span>Group</span><span>(II):</span><span>included</span><span>277 patients</span><span>with</span><span>chronic</span><span>HCV</span><span>as</span><span>a</span><span>study</span><span>group.</span><span>The</span><span>2</span><span>groups</span><span>were</span><span>subjected</span><span>to</span><span>thorough</span><span>history</span><span>taking, full</span><span>clinical</span><span>examination,</span><span>Anthropometric</span><span>study,ultrasonographic</span><span>examination</span><span>and</span><span>laboratory investigations</span><span>including</span><span>liver</span><span>functions,</span><span>viral</span><span>markers,</span><span>and</span><span>qualitative</span><span>PCR</span><span>for</span><span>HCV</span><span>RNA</span><span>,lipid profile,</span><span>glucose</span><span>profile</span><span>and</span><span>HOMA</span><span>test</span><span>. </span><br /> <span>Results:</span><span>This</span><span>study</span><span>revealed</span><span>higher</span><span>insulin</span><span>resistance</span><span>in</span><span>the</span><span>HCV</span><span>study</span><span>group</span><span>than</span><span>the</span><span>control</span><span>group. </span><span><br /></span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200241120101001Detection of Visceral adiposity by Ultrasonography and its relation to insulin resistance in HCV patients5515651695410.21608/ejhm.2010.16954ENMostafa K. MohamedDepartment of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University.Gamal EsmatDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Cairo University.Mohamed SaidDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Cairo University.Mohamed Abdel- HamidViral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research InstituteMohamed HassanyDepartment of Tropical Medicine, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute.Mohamad A. HassaneinDepartment of Tropical Medicine, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute.Kamal A. El- AtrebiDepartment of Tropical Medicine, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute.Journal Article20181019<span>Background:</span><span>Hepatitis</span><span>C</span><span>is</span><span>a</span><span>major</span><span>cause</span><span>of</span><span>liver-related</span><span>morbidity</span><span>and</span><span>mortality</span><span>and</span><span>represents</span><span>a major</span><span>public</span><span>health</span><span>problem</span><span>in</span><span>Egypt</span><span>and</span><span>worldwide.</span><span>Ultrasonography</span><span>is</span><span>a</span><span>simple</span><span>non-invasive method</span><span>for</span><span>detection</span><span>of</span><span>visceral</span><span>fat,</span><span>which</span><span>is</span><span>directly,</span><span>correlated</span><span>with</span><span>insulin</span><span>resistance</span><span>(IR)</span><span>as</span><span>well</span><span>as development</span><span>of</span><span>type</span><span>2</span><span>diabetes</span><span>mellitus. </span>
<span>Aim:</span><span>To</span><span>assess</span><span>the</span><span>validity</span><span>of</span><span>detection</span><span>of</span><span>visceral</span><span>adipose</span><span>tissue</span><span>area</span><span>with</span><span>Ultrasonography</span><span>and</span><span>its correlation</span><span>with</span><span>IR</span><span>in</span><span>HCV</span><span>patients </span>
<span>Materials</span><span>&</span><span>Method:</span><span>The</span><span>study</span><span>participants</span><span>were</span><span>subcategorized</span><span>into</span><span>two</span><span>groups,</span><span>Group</span><span>(I): </span><span>included</span><span>867</span><span>healthy</span><span>subjects</span><span>with</span><span>negative</span><span>(HCV)</span><span>RNA</span><span>as</span><span>a</span><span>control</span><span>group.</span><span>Group</span><span>(II):</span><span>included</span><span>277 patients</span><span>with</span><span>chronic</span><span>HCV</span><span>as</span><span>a</span><span>study</span><span>group.</span><span>The</span><span>2</span><span>groups</span><span>were</span><span>subjected</span><span>to</span><span>thorough</span><span>history</span><span>taking, full</span><span>clinical</span><span>examination,</span><span>Anthropometric</span><span>study,ultrasonographic</span><span>examination</span><span>and</span><span>laboratory investigations</span><span>including</span><span>liver</span><span>functions,</span><span>viral</span><span>markers,</span><span>and</span><span>qualitative</span><span>PCR</span><span>for</span><span>HCV</span><span>RNA</span><span>,lipid profile</span><span>&</span><span>glucose</span><span>profile</span><span>. </span>
<span>Results:</span><span>This</span><span>study</span><span>revealed</span><span>that</span><span>ultrasonography</span><span>is</span><span>a</span><span>simple,</span><span>non-invasive,</span><span>safe</span><span>method</span><span>in</span><span>detection of</span><span>visceral</span><span>adiposity,</span><span>which</span><span>is</span><span>correlated</span><span>significantly</span><span>with</span><span>IR</span><span>in</span><span>chronic</span><span>HCV</span><span>patients. </span>
<span> </span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200241120101001Effect of crowding stress and /or sulpiride treatment on some physiological and histological parameters in female albino rats.5665891695510.21608/ejhm.2010.16955ENFatma EidZoology Department ,Faculty of Science,Al-Azhar University. (Histology)Eman G.E. HelalZoology Department ,Faculty of Science,Al-Azhar University. (Physiology)Neama M. TahaZoology Department ,Faculty of Science,Al-Azhar University. (Physiology)Journal Article20181019<span>Background: </span><span>Crowding is the most stressful factor on human being. So these studies aimed </span>
<span>to clarify effect on some physiological and histological parameters. </span>
<span>Material and methods: </span><span>36 Female rats were divided into four groups (6/each):1-control, 2- treated with sulpiride drug,3- crowded exposure 4- crowded + drug . </span>
<span>Results: </span><span>drug recorded a significant increase only in the percentage of body weight gain but the other parameters showed no significant changes. Stress recorded a significant increase in glucose, ALT, GGT, TP, globulin, creatinine, total lipids, TG, cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C. A significant decrease in percentage of body weight gain and A/G ratio were also detected. Sulpiride drug ameliorated most of these parameters. </span>
<span>Concerning the histological and histochemical studies sulpiride treatment showed no detectable changes in the kidney and liver tissues with exception of increased lymphocytes. Exposure to crowding showed many dystrophic changes in both tissue , but drug treatment improved all the previous changes and this indicates the protective effect of sulpiride against crowding exposure. </span>
<span>Conclusion</span><span>: it is useful to use sulpiride drug in people who exposed to crowded stress.<br /> </span><span><br /></span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200241120101001Effect of Exercise Training and Vitamins E and C on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Lipid Peroxidation in Aging Rats5905991695610.21608/ejhm.2010.16956ENGehan A YoussefPhysiology Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University.Hala M T EL-MougyMedical biochemistry departments Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University.Journal Article20181019<span>Background: </span><span>There are many conditions that may affect the antioxidant enzyme activities, as aging and exercise. Moderate regular exercise up-regulate activities of antioxidant enzymes with depressant action on the lipid peroxidation processes, while strenuous exercise have a depressant effect on the activities of antioxidant enzymes with stimulatory action on the lipid peroxidation processes. Glutathione-S transferase (GST) and catalase are the major part of the specific antioxidant enzyme defence system response; malondialdehyde is the major indicator to lipid peroxidation processes which are affected by the exercise</span><span>. </span>
<span>Aim of the work</span><span>: To study the effect of moderate regular exercise and strenuous exercise with and without vitamin E or C supplementation on antioxidant defence system.<br /> </span><span>Material and Methods: </span><span>Fifty six aging male albino rats were used in the present experiment. They were equally divided into seven groups. Group I: control group, Group II: moderate regular exercised group. Group III: strenuous exercised group. Group IV: moderate regular exercised group with vitamin E supplementation. Group V: strenuous exercised group with vitamin E supplementation, Group VI: moderate regular exercised group with vitamin C supplementation. Group VII: strenuous exercised group with vitamin C supplementation. The exercise was performed on a modified manual treadmill and the experiment continued for two months. Peripheral blood samples and muscular tissue samples were taken from all animal groups for estimation of glutathione-S transferase, catalase and malondialdehyde. </span>
<span>Results</span><span>: The moderate regular exercise with or without vitamin E or C supplementation increased the antioxidant enzymes Glutathione-S transferase, catalase and decreased the malondialdehyde in serum and muscular tissue. The strenuous exercise decrease the antioxidant enzymes and increase the malondialdehyde production, while with vitamin E or C supplementation strenuous exercise enhanced the antioxidant enzymes and decreased the malondialdehyde production. </span>
<span>Conclusion</span><span>: The moderate regular exercise enhance the antioxidant defence system and so inhibit the lipid peroxidation production, while the strenuous exercise inhibit the antioxidant defence system activity and increase the lipid peroxidation production. Supplementation with vitamin E or C is essential to enhance the antioxidant defence system activities that decrease lipid peroxidation. </span>
<span> </span>Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200241120101001Neutrophil CD64 in diagnosis of infection in systemic lupus erythematosus patients6006171695710.21608/ejhm.2010.16957ENEnas E. El-SaidClinical Pathology department Faculty of medicine for girls, Al-Azhar universitySalwa R. AliInternal medicine department, Faculty of medicine for girls, Al-Azhar universityFawzia A. El-SheshtawyClinical Pathology department Faculty of medicine for girls, Al-Azhar universityJournal Article20181019<span>Background</span><span>: Infection is one of the major complications as well as cause of death in systemic lupus erythematosus patients (SLE). Differentiation between early infection and disease flare in these patients is often clinically difficult because both have similar signs and symptoms. </span>
<span>Aim: </span><span>To evaluate CD64 expression on neutrophils as an early marker that can discriminate between infection and disease flare in SLE patients. Also, its clinical utility in comparison with traditional laboratory tests used for detecting infection will be studied. </span>
<span>Methods: </span><span>The study included 38 subjects; 10 apparently healthy individuals as healthy controls and 28 SLE patients divided into three groups (10 SLE patients with infection, 10 SLE patients with flare and 8 SLE patients without infection or flare). CD64 on neutrophils was measured using flow cytometry. Total leucocytic count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and high-sensitive C-reactive protein were also measured. </span>
<span>Results: </span><span>The median of the percentage of neutrophils expressing CD64 was higher in all SLE patients compared to normal control. It was significantly higher in SLE patients with infection than those with disease activity (P <0.001). Using a cutoff value of </span><span>≥</span><span>17.6, % of neutrophils expressing CD64; it revealed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. </span>
<span>Conclusion: </span><span>The results of the present work showed that measurement of CD64 expression on neutrophils could be used as a sensitive and specific marker for detection of infection in SLE patients and differentiation between infection and disease activity. </span>
<span> </span>