Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200227120070401Evaluation of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) in Diagnosis of Head and Neck Swellings in Bab Elsheria Hospital1221271771610.21608/ejhm.2007.17716ENAli Khalaf MahrousOtorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar UniversityAhmed M. Abd ElfattahOtorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar UniversityJournal Article20181027<span>Introduction: </span><span>FNAC is believed to be of great benefit as an alternative diagnostic approach to lesions in Head and Neck region. This study aims at evaluating the results of FNAC undertaken in Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Bab Elsheria Hospital in relation to the International big series. </span>
<span>Subjects and Methods: </span><span>This is a retrospective study of 42 cases with FNACs performed between September 2004 and April 2006. All patients had both FNAC and Histology done. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to the site of their swellings: (parotid, thyroid and others). </span>
<span>Results: </span><span>The origin of the swellings in this series was 48% from the parotid gland, 19% from the thyroid gland and 33% from other sites. The first FNAC was only diagnostic in 21 patients (50%). While the 2</span><span>nd </span><span>FNAC was diagnostic in 8 patients out of 15 (53.3%). The majority of swellings with positive findings on FNAC in 29 patients had matched the histology results (68.9%). So, the chances of getting diagnosis were about 50 % in either first or second FNAC. The FNAC sensitivity was 69% and its specificity was 80%, which lags behind the International big series. </span>
<span>Conclusion: </span><span>We need to improve our International big series. </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17716_630aea0c18aab8aa559ccd4309879d33.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200227120070401An Experimental Study of the Effects of Nicotine on the Intervertebral Disc1281421771710.21608/ejhm.2007.17717ENNahla M. AfifiHealth Sciences Department, College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar UniversityKawther A. HafezDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityJournal Article20181027<span>Backgrounds</span><span>: Clinically it had been noticed that a large proportion of patients presenting with low back pain are smokers. Therefore, in this experimental study the histological effects of nicotine on the lumbar intervertebral discs of the rabbits was investigated. </span><br /> <span>Material and Methods: </span><span>Eighteen rabbits were divided equally into 3 groups, Group 1 (a & b); as control. Group2 injected intraperitoneally by 5000 ng/kg nicotine daily for 4 weeks. Group3 injected intraperitoneally by 5000 ng/kg nicotine daily for 8 weeks. The selected dose produced blood nicotine levels equivalent to those found in heavy smokers (30 cigarettes / day). </span><br /> <span>Results: </span><span>Light and electron microscopic studies revealed that nicotine injection showed a variety of histological changes, which were not observed in the control group. This includes appearance of spaces within the nucleus pulposus and separation from the adjacent fibrous lamellae in the annulus fibrosus. Also loss of the regularity of the multilayered structure of the annulus fibrosus, and excessive inclusions associated with vacuoles which continue with the rough endoplasmic reticulum within the chondrocytes. Disc degeneration was more marked in rabbits injected with nicotine for 8 weeks (G3) than in those injected for 4 weeks (G2). </span><br /> <span>Conclusion: </span><span>It could be concluded that the disc degeneration is more common among smokers and is correlated with the duration of exposure to nicotine. </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17717_80ac2f3d427f17aade9ea55adea0b47a.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200227120070401Evaluation of the Influence of each of Melatonin and Chromium against Diabetes-Induced Alteration in the Testis of Albino Rats Using Light and Electron Microscopies1431621771810.21608/ejhm.2007.17718ENNabila S. HassenPathology Department National Research Centre Cairo UniversityEnayat A. OmaraPathology Department National Research Centre Cairo UniversityNadia M. El RoubiHistology Department National Research Centre Cairo UniversityJournal Article20181027<span>Background: </span><span>Diabetes mellitus is a global disabling and deadly disease found world- wide. Altered testicular structure and function have been observed in diabetic human and animal models of diabetes with impaired reproductive function. The testicular atrophy and infertility were common in untreated or poorly controlled diabetics.<br /> </span><span>Aim of the work </span><span>The present study was carried out to compare the protective effect of melatonin and chromium against testicular alterations in alloxan-induced diabetes in albino rats. </span>
<span>Material and Methods</span><span>: Thirty-five adult male albino rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into two main groups (each five): non diabetic and diabetic rats, the first group was subdivided into 3 sub-groups: normal control, melatonin-treated animals and chromium-treated animals. The second group was subdivided into 3 sub-group ( each five): diabetic, diabetic rats treated with chromium, and diabetic rats treated with melatonin. Diabetes was induced by a single intra-peritoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate in dose of 60 mg/ kg body weight (BW). The experiment was carried for forty-two days. Computer image analysis was used to measure the thickness of the basement membranes of the seminiferous tubules, the perimeter of the seminiferous tubules and the number of Leydig cells. </span>
<span>Results: </span><span>In diabetic rats the seminiferous tubules showed statistically significant decrease in diameter, irregular outline and deformed shape because there was degeneration and disappearance of germ cells from many tubules. There was significant thickening of the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules also detected. Ultrastructurally, nuclei of germ cells showed rarefied chromium and separated areas of nuclear envelop. Spermatids showed abnormal condensed nuclear chromatin surrounded by membranes with focal areas of discontinuity together with vacuolation of Sertoli cell cytoplasm. Melatonin and chromium improved the diabetic alteration in the basement membranes, diameter of the seminiferous tubules and the number of Leydig cells but they did not return to the control values. The improvement with melatonin was more than that with chromium. </span>
<span>Conclusion: </span><span>From the present study, it could be concluded that, melatonin and chromium showed a protective effect on histological alterations of the testis of alloxan-induced diabetes in rats.<br /> </span><span><br /></span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17718_171043df93108c8a417317be4f102aeb.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200227120070401Aspergillus fumigatus and Cylindrocarpon candidum fungi induced apoptosis in HepG 2 cell line through activation of caspases enzymes1631751771910.21608/ejhm.2007.17719ENOsman, M.EDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of science, Helwan University.Khttab, O.HDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of science, Helwan University.Abo EL-Nasser, A.ADepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of science, Helwan University.L,A,R, SallamNational Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Natural Products ChemistryWafaa Abdallah AhmedDepartment of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Cairo University.Journal Article20181027<span>Introduction: </span><span>Many investigations are now interested to discover naturally occurring compounds, which can be used for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Most natural products which may be used as adjuvant therapy or to reduce the side effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. More than 300 products obtained from microorganisms have antitumor activities. </span>
<span>Results: </span><span>In the study we isolated N-(3-4-Dichlorophenyl) 2-Methyl, 2,3Dihydroxypropio amide from </span><span>Aspergillus fumigatus </span><span>and 2.4.6. Triphenyl pyridine from </span><span>Cylindrocarpon candidum </span><span>and investigate the cytotoxic effect and apoptotic effect on HepG2 cell line. The results revealed high cytotoxic effect at the concentration of 400μg/ml for both N-(3-4- Dichlorophenyl) 2-Methyl, 2,3Dihydroxypropio amide and 2.4.6. Triphenyl pyridine and effect is increase with time of incubation. The apoptotic effect of both products were investigated by measurement the caspase enzymes, the results showed highest activity of caspase 3 and caspase 9. Also at concentration 400μg/ml in both products. </span>
<span>Conclusion: </span><span>From this data we observe that two isolated product have antitumor effect and this effect is related to the concentration of the products and incubation period. Also, the two products induce apoptosis through increase activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9 which lead to programmed of cell death. This study need to furthermore study on experimental animal to confirm our results. </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17719_40651c12c9bcf241841d64c881183ff8.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200227120070401The Protective Role of Septilin Against Gamma Radiation-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rats1761871772010.21608/ejhm.2007.17720ENOmaima Soliman EissaNational Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy AuthorityNehal Aly MoustafaFaculty of Science , Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181027<span>Backgrounds</span><span>: </span><span>This study deals with evaluation of the histological and some histochemical alterations in rat testes induced by whole body gamma irradiation as well as evaluation of the protective effect of septilin (a herbal preparation) against these effects. </span>
<span>Results </span><span>: The obtained results indicated that doses of (3 Gy and 6 Gy) gamma radiation have testicular toxic effects in rats. The histological lesions observed in the testes varied between vacuolation, swelling, pyknosis and even necrosis in some spermatogenic cells as well as significant depletion in the number of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes and spermatids. The histochemical observations revealed diminution in the polysaccharides content and increase in the collagen fibres in the testis of irradiated animals. These effects were mostly perceptive with the high dose of the radiation than with the lower one. Treatment with septilin (a herbal preparation) for one week followed by gamma radiation proved that septilin has a protective effect against gamma radiation-induced toxic effects in the testes of rats; where most of the histological and histochemical changes observed due to irradiation were minimized to a large extent; however there was no complete protection. </span>
<span>Conclusion: </span><span>Thus, this study concluded that gamma-irradiation exerts toxic effects in the testes of rats and pre-treatment with septilin inhibits these toxic effects, which in turn advocate using such herbal extract as a radioprotector. </span>
<span> </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17720_c59a185cdaad1a88d61a852d3fdabfa2.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200227120070401Role of Sodium Selenite in Ameliorating the Oxidative Stress of Gamma Radiation Exposure.1881991772110.21608/ejhm.2007.17721ENHanafi N.Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181027<span>Back ground</span><span>: This work aims to investigate the role of Sodium Selenite (NaSeO</span><span>3</span><span>) in ameliorating the oxidative stress of gamma radiation exposure. The relation between the antioxidant status, the histopahological changes and the immunohistological expression of </span><span>p53 </span><span>was evaluated. </span>
<span>Materials and methods</span><span>: Adult male Swiss albino mice weighing 25-30g were used in this work. Lipid peroxidation and GSH activity levels were estimated in liver and intestinal tissues. Histopathological observations in addition to the immunohistological expression of </span><span>p53 </span><span>were also assayed. Experimental animals treated daily with 0.7μg /ml /kg body weight of NaSeO</span><span>3 </span><span>for two weeks. Some animals were exposed to 5Gy </span><span>γ</span><span>-irradiation and others exposed to 5Gy </span><span>γ</span><span>-irradiation and treated with NaSeO</span><span>3</span><span>. </span>
<span>Results: </span><span>Due to ROS production, 5Gy </span><span>γ</span><span>-radiation induced a highly significant increase in lipid peroxidation and a significant decrease in GSH activity level in liver and intestine tissues. NaSeO</span><span>3 </span><span>supplementation revealed NS change in lipid peroxidation of liver and intestine tissues, while GSH levels recorded a significant increase as compared to the control group. Combined treatments with NaSeO3 supplementation and 5Gy </span><span>γ</span><span>-radiation revealed a significant amelioration in lipid peroxidation and GSH levels as compared to the irradiated groups. The histopathological observations went parallel to the biochemical records, while </span><span>p53 </span><span>expression was treatments and organs dependent. </span>
<span>Conclusion: </span><span>NaSeO</span><span>3 </span><span>supplementation recorded ameliorated effects against cellular damage caused by radiation oxidative stress. </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17721_78fd85abd056d541e08c97ad4c272c9b.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200227120070401Renal Function Reserve in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Type II Respiratory Failure2002071772210.21608/ejhm.2007.17722ENMahmoud ManalMedicine Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityHassan ShalbyMedicine Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityNesriene El Margoushy El MargoushyMedical and Radiation Research Dept. ,Nuclear Materials AuthorityAya M. Abdel DayemChest Dept., Faculty of Medicine,
Ain Shams UniversityJournal Article20181027<span>Background and objective: </span><span>increase in renal blood flow in response to certain stimuli such as dopamine infusion, oral protein load, and amino acid infusion. Reduced or absent renal functional reserve (RFR) is an early index of renal impairment. Our work studies the (RFR) in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients with chronic compensated type II respiratory failure. </span>
<span>Methods: </span><span>Our study included 15 COPD patients with compensated type II respiratory failure and 5 normal controls. The patient group had mean Pa O</span><span>2 </span><span>56.5±6.4 and Pa CO</span><span>2 </span><span>56.5±3.2, while in normal controls the mean Pa O</span><span>2 </span><span>was 97.4 ± o.3 and Pa CO</span><span>2 </span><span>was 42.3 ± 1.2. Hypoxic patients (Pa O</span><span>2</span><span>< or =59mm Hg) allowed to receive low flow oxygen by nasal prongs tokeeptheirPaO</span><span>2 </span><span>>or=60mmHgandSaO</span><span>2 </span><span>>or=90%withoutriseofPaCO</span><span>2</span><span>within2 hours before and during the study. The pulsatility index (PI), an index of reno-vascular resistance (RVR), was measured non invasively by Doppler Ultrasonograghy at baseline and 20 minutes after infusion of dopamine in diuretic dose. </span>
<span>Results: </span><span>The baseline PI was nearly similar in the control group and in COPD patients (no significant difference), the PI fell significantly in the control group after dopamine infusion from 1.03 ± 0.14 to 0.83 ± 0.1(P< 0.05), but increased significantly in COPD patients from 1.02 ± 0.12 to1.18 ± 0.13 (P<0.05) after dopamine infusion. </span>
<span>Conclusion: </span><span>Renal functional reserve is impaired in hypercapnic COPD patients and this may be a factor in the development of edema frequently seen in these patients. </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17722_b469bce90f07db4f6ab9c7bdb2daa6ca.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200227120070401Influences of Intermittent Anaerobic Exercise Program on Physical Fitness and Plasma Lactate, Oxidant and Anti-oxidant Status in Smokers and Non-smokers Judo Players.2082221772310.21608/ejhm.2007.17723ENBushra H. El-ZawahryPhysiology Department Faculty of Medicine (Girls) Al-Azhar University-CairoGamal A. ShawerPhysiology Department Faculty of Medicine (Boys) Al-Azhar University-CairoMohamed Abd El-RahmanPhysical Education Department Faculty of Education! Al-Azhar University-CairoJournal Article20181027<span>Background</span><span>: </span><span>There is evidence of smoking’s negative impact and physical activity’s </span><span>positive impact on long-term health. However, evidences regarding the association between smoking and exercise activity and the independent effects of these factors on antioxidant defense are lacking. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between smoking and the intermittent anaerobic exercise on the physical fitness, oxidant and antioxidant status in Judo player. </span>
<span>Methods</span><span>: Twenty male Judo player student from Department of Physical Education Al- Azhar University were enrolled in the study. They were of 2 groups, Non-smokers (NS) and smokers (SM). Both groups were subjected to regular Judo training program (2 hours/day, 3 sessions/week for 12 weeks). Also, both groups were subjected to an effort test (running of submaximal intensity until exhaustion ) and record of the maximum oxygen capacity (VO</span><span>2</span><span>max) using an ergometric bicycle. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MBP) were recorded and blood samples were taken pre and post-effort test for determination of malondialdehyde (MDA),total antioxidant capacity (TAC), uric acid (Ua) and lactate (La) in the plasma. Also the time to exhaustion was recorded during the effort test. These measures were performed pre and post the training program. </span>
<span>Results: </span><span>At rest the pre-program data of SM showed significantly higher H.R., and plasma MDA ,and significantly lower TAC with tendency to increase in MBP and La levels, and decrease in VO</span><span>2</span><span>max, and Ua levels compared to NS. Before program and in response to acute exercise SM showed significantly higher H.R, MDA and La levels with significantly lower TAC, Ua and time to exhaustion compared to NS. On the other hand, after the program and in response to acute exercise, SM showed more pronounced significantly higher HR, MBP, MDA and La with significantly lower VO</span><span>2</span><span>max, time to exhaustion and TAC with insignificant changes in the Ua compared to the NS that showed significant increase in the Ua levels with insignificant changes in the MDA, TAC and the La levels in response to acute exercise. In response to the training program, SM showed significantly higher HR, MBP, MDA and La levels, with significantly lower VO</span><span>2</span><span>max, time to exhaustion, and TAC, and insignificant changes in the Ua levels compared to NS. </span>
<span>Conclusion: </span><span>We conclude that cigarette smoking has a significant detrimental effects on cardiovascular fitness, physical endurance, TAC and lipid peroxidation that all worsened by the intermittent anaerobic exercise. On the contrary , this type of training is beneficial in nonsmokers. Also we demonstrated that smoking prevent the beneficial effects of exercise , so smoking should be avoided in Judo players. Smokers should be given strong encouragement to stop smoking and to improve physical fitness. </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17723_e7647d8e2edb799ed488f8054abe4d31.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200227120070401Protective Effect of Natural Honey, Urtica diocia and Their Mixture against Oxidative Stress Caused by Chronic Ethanol Consumption.2232331772410.21608/ejhm.2007.17724ENG.M.F EdreesZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura UniversityF.G. EL-SaidZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura UniversityE.T. Salem.Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University.Journal Article20181027<span>Background: </span><span>There is increasing implicating oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. The aim of this study is to investigate affect alcohol addiction and role of some protecting agent. </span>
<span>Material and methods: </span><span>Forty eight rats </span><span>(Rattus norvigicus) </span><span>were divided into 8 groups. Honey (2.5 g /kg b.w), </span><span>Urtica dioica </span><span>(250 mg/kg) and Alcohol orally administered at dose (20% exceeds by 2.5% weekly). </span>
<span>Results: </span><span>Ethanol feeding results in increasing serum glucose, total lipids, cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, urea, liver Glucose-6-Phosphatase (G6Pase), pancreas and liver Malondialdehyde (MDA), Protein Carbonyl (PC). While a decrease were noted in serum insulin, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), total Protein, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, liver glycogen, pancreas and liver Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD), Glutathione- S-Transferase (GST), Reduced Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD). </span>
<span>Conclusion: </span><span>Administration of honey, urtica or both with alcohol prevent to great extent the lesions caused by only chronic alcohol administration. Consequently, honey and urtica administration are useful to minimize the hazardous effects resulting from ethanol abuse. </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17724_6af4be4d78ded5167b0e84213a9a0c13.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200227120070401Degree of Compliance towards Therapeutic Tasks among Diabetic Patients Attending a Health Insurance Setting In Cairo2342441772510.21608/ejhm.2007.17725ENAyman, S. Abd-ElhadyPublic Health and Community Medicine, Assiut Faculty of Medicine,Abd-El-Aziz, A. El-SadekPublic Health and Community Medicine, Cairo Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityJournal Article20181027<span>Background: </span><span>Compliance/adherence of diabetic patients towards different therapeutic aspects (other than drugs) is considered one of the most important elements to control diabetes mellitus (DM). </span>
<span>Material and methods: </span><span>A cross sectional study was conducted on 283 diabetic patients chosen by systematic random sample among those attending Alf-Maskan Health Insurance Outpatients clinics in East Cairo, (from April- May 2007), to assess their compliance behaviors in relation to management of their disease. </span>
<span>Results </span><span>showed that most of the diabetics (61.1%) had a poor total compliance rate for the therapeutic tasks of (DM) as a whole, though the larger proportion of the diabetics (44.9%) had a satisfactory overall knowledge about the important items of DM. As regards the individual therapeutic tasks, there were also poor compliance rates concerning diet regimen, regular exercise, cessation of smoking, weight monitoring and care of eye and foot. Good compliance rate was significantly higher among patients who were males, highly educated, those of high socioeconomic level, those who had better knowledge about the disease and those who had suffered from multiple co-morbidities and suffered from DM at least ten years. </span>
<span>Recommendations </span><span>were suggested to improve patient' compliance towards management tasks of the disease through health education program because increasing the information of the patients about the disease and its complications through the shared health care team including the patient himself was valuable. </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17725_df2ad0900fc84f48dacffc76080cdcf4.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200227120070401Lipids and oxidative stress in blood serum of alloxan-induced diabetic rats: possible effects on liver and kidney tissues.2452541772610.21608/ejhm.2007.17726ENBenrebai MDépartement des sciences de la nature et de la vie. Université Mentouri, Constantine 25000, Algeria.Abidli NDépartement des sciences de la nature et de la vie. Université Mentouri, Constantine 25000, Algeria.Benlatreche CLaboratoire de biochimie, CHU Benbadis, Constantine 25000, Algeria.Journal Article20181027<span>Experimental diabetes mellitus in rats was produced by a single dose of 200 mg of alloxan /kg body weight given intraperitoneally as an aqueous solution. The diabetic rats showed abnormal high blood glucose and variable increments in serum total lipids as well as in other serum lipid constituents particularly the triglycerides. </span>
<span>Certain pathological abnormalities could be detected in both liver and kidney, particularly when the disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism were more pronounced in a group of diabetic rats that received no insulin treatment {NIT} or after four weeks of the onset of diabetes. On the other hand, putting the group of diabetic rats on an insulin regimen from the start of the diabetic condition resulted in a significant restoration of most evaluated parameters to values almost similar to those of normal control animals. Diabetic rats receiving no insulin treatment showed a markedly significant loss in body weight; and started to gain body weight gradually when put on the proper insulin regimen. </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17726_475f66bfbf295fa314dc2e13348e7661.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200227120070401Evaluation of the synergistic effect of danazol and radiation exposure on some biochemical functions in female albino rats.2552621772710.21608/ejhm.2007.17727ENRamadan , F. Ladiation Biology Dep., National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Egypt.Journal Article20181027<span>Background: </span><span>Radiation generates a variety of free radicals during the exposure of biological tissues through radiolysis of water. These free radicals are highly reactive and cause oxidative damage to biological molecules. The present study was carried out to investigate the synergestic effect of danazol and radiation exposure on certain functional disorders in female rats. </span>
<span>Material and methods: </span><span>Mature female rats weighing about 120-150g were divided into four groups. Group 1: control animals, group 2: animals orally administrated with danazol at a daily dose of 1.8 mg/100 g b.wt/day for four weeks., group 3: animals exposed to whole body gamma irradiation (5 Gy), group 4: animals orally administrated with danazol two weeks before and two weeks after irradiation. </span>
<span>Results </span><span>: Blood and liver samples were obtained two week post irradiation. Erythrocyte counts, haemoglobin concentration (Hb), hamatocrite percentage (Ht) and leucoyte counts (WBc</span><span>,</span><span>s) were determined in blood. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), glucose as well as gamma glutamyle transferase (</span><span></span><span>-GT), transmaminase aspartat (AST), alanine (ALT) and estradiol serum hormone level were assessed. Peroxidative hepatic damage was investigated by assessing thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and total protein content in liver tissues. The data obtained revealed that exposure of rats to gamma radiation and / or danazol treatment or dual treatment caused a significant increase in ALT, AST, glucose, </span><span></span><span>-GT, TC, TG, LDL-c and liver TABRS. While a significant decrease were recorded in RBc</span><span>,</span><span>s Hb, Wbc</span><span>,</span><span>s and HT. </span>
<span>On the other hand, serum HDL, estradiol and liver total protein in group treated with danazol declined compared to control group. </span>
<span>Conclusion: </span><span>The results are of great importance from the stand point of radiation protection and drug safety. </span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17727_734f5074c9af2ac1814959b0d7681f0b.pdf