Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200238120100101Assessment of Proinflammatory Th1 Cytokines (IL18-IFN ) and Th2 Cytokine (IL13) Concentrations in patients with Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Rheumatoid Artharitis and Systemic Sclerosis)1121736210.21608/ejhm.2010.17362ENMaha M. SultanDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty of Medicine for Girls – Al-Azhar UnivesityFatma M. Abd Al SalamDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty of Medicine for Girls – Al-Azhar UnivesityDoaa A HassanDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty of Medicine for Girls – Al-Azhar UnivesityHodaa S. AbdullaDepartment of General Medicine Faculty of Medicine for Girls – Al-Azhar UnivesityMarwa M. Abd El-RahimDepartment of General Medicine Faculty of Medicine for Girls – Al-Azhar UnivesityHyam H. MansourDepartment of General Medicine Faculty of Medicine for Girls – Al-Azhar UnivesityNeama R. HusseinDepartment of Clinical Pathology Faculty of Medicine for Girls – Al-Azhar UnivesityJournal Article20181023<strong>Objective:</strong> Several cytokines play a role in the production of autoantibodies and the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic sclerosis (SS). This study investigated serum concentration of the proinflammatory Th<sub>1 </sub>cytokine; IL<sub>18</sub> and its inducer IFNg, the study also investigated serum concentration of proinflammatory Th<sub>2</sub> cytokine; IL<sub>13</sub>, to explain the role of Th<sub>1</sub> and Th<sub>2</sub> in the pathogenesis of autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SLE, RA and SS)
<strong>Patients and methods:</strong> IL<sub>18</sub>, IFNg and IL<sub>13 </sub>levels were evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Four groups were included in this study.
Group I: Comprised (15) patients of SLE. Group II: Comprised (15) patients of RA. Group III: Comprised (15) patients with SS. Group IV: Control group consisted of (15) sex and age matched healthy controls.
<strong>Results:</strong> Serum levels of IL<sub>18</sub> was significantly higher in SLE (3138.200± 1413.096 pg/ml)& RA(3336.667± 921.839 pg/ml) than control group(86.647± 35.370 pg/ml ), while IL<sub>18</sub> in SS had no statistically significant difference between patients (103.634± 50.593 pg/ml) and control group (86.647± 35.370 pg/ml).The cut off level was 257.75 pg/ml .
IFNg was significantly higher in SLE patients (5.439±1.430 IU/ml) and RA patients (2.973± 0.598 IU/ml ) than control group(0.580 ± 0.234 IU/ml) ,while IFNg in SS had no statistically significant difference (0.592± 0.245IU/ml) than control group (0.580 ± 0.234 IU/ml) .The cut off level was1.2 IU/ml .
As regard IL<sub>13</sub> it was significantly higher in SLE patients (55.673±6.892 pg/ml) ,RA patients (59.587±12.183 pg/ml) and SS (61.550± 12.047 pg/ml) than control group (21.427± 7.274 pg/ml ) .The cut off level was 44.4 pg/ml .There was significant positive correlation of IL<sub>18</sub>/ IL<sub>13</sub> and IFNg / IL<sub>13</sub> ratio in SLE and RA , while significant negative correlation of IL<sub>18</sub>/ IL<sub>13</sub> and IFNg / IL<sub>13</sub> ratio in SS.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> There was a significant increase of both Th<sub>1</sub> cytokines (IL<sub>18</sub> and IFNg) and Th<sub>2</sub> cytokine (IL<sub>13</sub>) in SLE and RA with Th<sub>1</sub> predominance,while predominance of Th<sub>2</sub> cytokine (IL<sub>13</sub>) in SS than Th<sub>1</sub> cytokine (IL<sub>18</sub> and IFNg). This result suggests that IL<sub>18</sub>, INFg and IL<sub>13</sub> could be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
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https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17362_a045345ebbac4fd950318a2870d16b80.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200238120100101Evaluation of Hoffer Q formula in Short and long axial lengths13201736410.21608/ejhm.2010.17364ENAhmed I GalhoomDepartment of ophthalmology, Faculty of medicine Al Azhar UniversityMostafa M MostafaDepartment of ophthalmology, Faculty of medicine Al Azhar UniversityMohamed I ElkasabyDepartment of ophthalmology, Faculty of medicine Al Azhar UniversityAli A GhaliDepartment of ophthalmology, Faculty of medicine Al Azhar UniversityJournal Article20181023<strong><em> </em></strong><strong>Purpose</strong>: Evaluation of The accuracy of Hoffer Q formula for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in short and long axial lengths of the eye.
<strong>Methods</strong>: 100 eyes divided equally into 2 groups: group I (50 eyes) with axial length more than 24.5 and group II( 50 eyes) with axial length more less than 22. Comparison between both groups was done as regards post operative residual refractive error after IOL implantation using Hoffer Q formula.
<strong>Results:</strong> Insignificant difference between the 2 groups as regard post operative residual refractive error. In short length eyes, the mean postoperative refractive error with Hoffer Q formula was 0.80 <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>0.33D. In long eyes, the mean postoperative refractive error was 1.23 <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>0.70D. The results show that the best performing formula was in short eyes (P = 0.012).
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Insignificant difference as regards postoperative residual refractive error between both groups but Hoffer Q formula best performed in short eyes.https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17364_5a7399eac06fe23f9846aff3c15d9b0b.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200238120100101LARYNGEAL CANCER: SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC, LIFE STYLE AND CLINICAL RISK FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS UNDERWENT TOTAL LARYNGECTOMY21371736610.21608/ejhm.2010.17366ENE. A. EL-MOSELHYDepartments of Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Al-Azhar and Zagazig UniversityM. M. EL-SAWYEar, Nose and Throat Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Al-Azhar and Zagazig UniversityE. S. ABD-ALLAHCommunity Health Nursing
Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Al-Azhar and Zagazig UniversityY. A. BARKA, And T. M. FARGHALYEar, Nose and Throat Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Al-Azhar and Zagazig UniversityJournal Article20181023<strong>Introduction</strong>: Laryngeal cancer (LC) is an important health problem. It is one of the most common respiratory cancers. The prevalence of this cancer is increasing all over the world.
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<strong>Objectives</strong>: The aim of the present study is to determine the clinical features of the laryngeal cancer patients underwent total laryngectomty (TL); to define the characteristic features of surgery in these patients; and to define the life style, health behavioral, sociodemographic and clinical risk factors of the patients.
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<strong>Subjects and methods</strong>: A total of 90 laryngeal cancer patients and a control group of the same number were enrolled in the study. A case-control, hospital based study design was used. <strong>Results</strong>: The most important clinical features of the studied laryngeal cancer cases underwent TL were; most lesions site was glottis (56.7%), presented with hoarseness of voice (85.6%) and most of the patients were in stage III (63.3%). Also, the most important characteristics of the surgery in these cases were 64.4% had TL and primary tracheoesophageal puncture, 88.9% underwent thyroidectomy and 25.6% had preoperative tracheostomy. The +ve reflux symptoms index was significant clinical risk factor (OR=6.77). Factory worker occupation was significant risk factor (OR=4.65). The most important sociodemographic risk factors for laryngeal cancer were male sex, urban residence, old age, low social level and low occupational level (ORs= 52.59, 2.43, 2.43, 1.99 and 1.97; respectively). Further, the most important significant health behavioral risk factors were cigarette smoking, goza smoking and no healthy food intake (ORs= 4.44, 4.25 and 2.74; respectively).
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<strong>Recommendations</strong>: Population based studies are needed in different areas in Egypt and on large numbers of patients to understand the full epidemiology of the laryngeal cancer and quality of life of these patients.https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17366_062480da79a5899b869542b7de718dc7.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200238120100101Influence Of Acacia nilotica On Arsenic Induced Genotoxicity In Male and Female Mice38501736710.21608/ejhm.2010.17367ENINAS S. GhalyNational Research Centre, Cell Biology DepartmentZEINAB E. HANAFYDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar UniversityJournal Article20181023 For centuries, plants have been used in traditional medicine and there has been recent interest in the chemopreventive properties of compounds derived from plants. In the present study, we investigated the effects of extracts of <em>Acacia nilotica</em> leaves on the genotoxicity of arsinic<strong> .</strong>
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<strong> </strong>Arsenic contamination in groundwater a global human health hazard .There is no effective remedial action of chronic arsenicsis. However, a well-nourished diet can modulate the onset of adverse health effects and delayed the effect of arsenic in drinking water. In the present work, genotoxic effects were induced by sodium arsenate through oral administration,and the protective effect of <em>Acacia nilotica</em> was studied. Chromosomal aberrations were more pronounced in sodium arsenate treated mice, while supplementation of <em>Acacia nilotica</em> with sodium arsenate reduced the incidence of the aberrations. The mean of DNA fragmentation induced by sodium arsenate was highly significant increase. However, the administration of <em>Acacia nilotica</em> significantly decreased DNA fragmentation induced by sodium arsenate.
The mean number of sperms, were decreased significantly after treatment with sodium arsenate, while administration of <em>Acacia nilotica</em> increased the number of sperm in mice treated with sodium arsenate, and also decreased the percentage of sperm abnormalities induced by sodium arsenate.
The outcome of study showed that <em>Acacia nilotica</em> has the efficiency to encounter the genotoxic effects induced by arsenic<strong>. </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17367_17fe83ca8a3ea2f337dc5174f1991656.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200238120100101Analgesic effects of gabapentine in tonsillectomy51581736810.21608/ejhm.2010.17368ENWaleed AbdelmageedDepartment of Anesthesia and Intensive CareSalah AbdelrazikDepartment of E.N.T. King Abdulaziz Naval Base Hospital, Jubail, KSA.Ahmad NassarDepartment of E.N.T. King Abdulaziz Naval Base Hospital, Jubail, KSA.Mohamed AbdelkawiDepartment of E.N.T. King Abdulaziz Naval Base Hospital, Jubail, KSA.Journal Article20181023<strong>Objectives:</strong> To evaluate the preemptive effects of gabapentin on postoperative pain relief and its effect on meperidine consumption in patients undergoing tonsillectomy.
<strong>Methods:</strong> This study took place in King Abdulaziz Naval Base Hospital in the year 2009. Sixty patients ASA I and II were randomly assigned in a prospective randomized double- blind placebo-control clinical trial. Gabapentine 1200 mg or placebo was given orally two hours before induction of anesthesia to patients undergoing tonsillectomy under general anesthesia. Postoperative pain score was recorded on a visual analogue scale at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 postoperative hours. Patients received meperidine 1 mg/ kg i.m once every 4 h if pain score ≥3 or if requested by the patient. Total dose of meperidine consumption was recorded.
<strong>Results:</strong> Thirty patients in the gabapentine group and 30 patients in the placebo group completed the study. Patients in gabapentine group had significantly lower pain score in comparison to placebo group. Total postoperative meperidine consumption in the gabapentin group was (48.8±33.9 VS 93.8 ± 54.6) in the placebo group (P< 0.001). There was higher incidence of nausea, vomiting, and use of antiemetic drugs in the placebo group.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Preemptive use of gabapentine decreased pain score and post operative meperidine consumption and reduced meperidine –related adverse effects in patients undergoing tonsillectomy under general anesthesia.https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17368_dfbe64c04a515a6d31d24497cb50e98e.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200238120100101Assessment of Nutrition of Obese Primary Schools Children in Urban and Rural Area in El Bihera Governorate- Egypt.59811737010.21608/ejhm.2010.17370ENHanaa H. ElsayedNational Nutrition NnstituteSahar KhairyNational Nutrition NnstituteMohamed K Abd El- RahmanNational Nutrition NnstituteEffat A. AfifiNational Nutrition NnstituteJournal Article20181023<strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of obesity is increasing in both developed anddeveloping countries. Obesity is associated withincreased risks of many diseases. Obesity significantly affectsthe quality of life and reduces the average life expectancy.
<strong>Objective: </strong>Investigate effect of different environment urban and rural areas in El Bihera governorate on blood glucose level and obesity of childrenaged 6-12 years to know possible associated risk factors. <sup> </sup>
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<strong>Study design: </strong>This study of a representative sample of children 6-12 y of age performed during 1 July 2004 till 20 June 2005.
<strong>Methods: </strong>Anthropometric data were taken using standard methods, from 188 children. Certain diet and physical activities as well as other socioeconomic family parameters were assessed with the aid of a questionnaire. Obesity and overweight were defined using both the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)I definition and the new International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) definition. Logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the influence of various parameters.
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<strong>Results:</strong> obesity was prevalent among girls13.8 and 11.7% than boys12.7 and 13.8% in urban and ruler areas respectively<strong>.</strong> The high percentage of boys and girls in both urban and rural (78.0% and 84.2% respectively and 83.3% and 89.8% respectively), who take snacks in between meals. Also the results show that about three-quarter of the urban boys (70.7%) and more than half of rural boys (65.8 %) eating during T.V watching.The results show that about two-third (58.3%) of the urban girls and about three-quarter (67.3%) of the rural girls eating during T.V watching with significant differences only among the urban groups (P 0.020). on the other hand, the plasma glucose values of all cases (normal and obese) in urban and rural areas were significantly different. In boys and girls subjects in rural and urban areas there were no significant differences between the mean values of plasma TSH. However, a significant difference between the plasma TC of urban areas than that of rural areas at the same age group was detected. There was a significant difference for the mean values of plasma TC level between normal and obese groups in the rural site.
<sup> </sup><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The good news is that schools can help students and staff adopts healthy eating and physical activity behaviors that are the keys to preventing obesity.
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https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17370_29fe20614df22f7c8b5d70d78634a725.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200238120100101Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms (G894T) in diabetes mellitus in Egypt82931737210.21608/ejhm.2010.17372ENEl BazGenetics Unit, Mansoura UniversityTag EldinResearch Institute (GEBRI),Sadat CityJournal Article20181023<strong>Objective:</strong> Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes. Genetic predisposition has been implicated in DN. The eNOS protein synthesizes nitric oxide constitutively via a reaction including the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline, which involves the transfer of five electrons provided by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of G894T polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) gene with the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) among Egyptian patients with type 1,2 diabetes mellitus in Egypt. <strong>Methods:</strong> Study subjects comprised 86 patients of type 2 diabetes with nephropathy,23 patients of type 1 diabetes with nephropathy and 46 patients of type 2 diabetes without nephropathy. G894T genotypes was determined by SSP- PCR analysis. <strong>Results:</strong> Mutant <strong>T</strong> allele, GT and TT genotypes of G894TSNP had no significant frequencies in type 1,2 diabetic patients with nephropathy compared to those without nephropathy.. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: These findings indicate that G894T polymorphism of eNOS gene may be not considered as genetic risk factors for DN among Egyptian type1, 2 diabetic patients.
Abbreviations: T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus – DN: diabetic nephropathy eNOS : Endothelial nitric oxide synthase:– SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism- SSP-PCR: sequence specific primer- polymerase chain reaction.
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https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17372_127190e0e2535e256ca86800068cb8ce.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200238120100101Stress at Work Place94991737310.21608/ejhm.2010.17373ENMohammad A. ShahrourConsultant Psychiatry
King Abd ulaziz Naval Base Hospital in JubailJournal Article20181023One of hardest forms of stresses to avoid is that work place or job stress<br /> Job stress refers to stress experienced by an individual at or because of issues at their work place<br /> The term work related stress has many meanings and it causes different levels of anxiety.<br /> Not all challenges at work can be called stress as some of these challenges drive employees upward, and empower them to learn new skills or push them to work harder to achieve a certain goal.<br /> <br /> So, this type of challenges cannot be considered as true stress<br /> <br /> True job stress is a condition that not only destroys employee desire to work, but also his or her energy, getting them to suffer both emotionally and physically.<br /> Warning signs of stress at work when people feel overwhelmed they feel lacking confidence, become irritated or withdrawn, less productive, less effective and their work less rewarding if these warning passed unnoticed then signs and symptoms of stress will appear.https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17373_3e1b7a97146d65bc7d02af8748a9a2bf.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200238120100101Mosquito species diversity and abundance in relation to riceland agroecosystem and filarial infection in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt.1001141737410.21608/ejhm.2010.17374ENTAREK M.Y. EL-SHEIKHDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar UniversityKOTB M. HAMMADDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar UniversityWALAA A. MOSELHIDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science (girls), Al-Azhar University.Journal Article20181023<strong> </strong>The present work studied the mosquitoes abundance, identification, distribution and density in three villages (rural area) and one city (urban area) in Kafr El-SheikhGovernorate namely; Kebreet, Minyat Al-Ashraaf, El-Salmia and Fowa city, respectively during the rice cultivation season in relation to filaria from June to Oct. 2009. A total of 11381 mosquitoes larvae belonging to four genera and 8 species were collected. Of which 3525 (31.0%) in Minyat Al-Ashraaf followed by 3339 (29.3%) in Kebreet, 3331 (29.3%) in El-Salmia villages compared with 1186 (10.4%) in Fowa city. The five most common species collected during this study were <em>Culex pipiens</em> (39.2%), <em>Cx. antennatus</em> (27.3%), <em>Cx. univittatus </em>(15.8%), <em>Anopheles</em><em> pharoensis </em>(10.4%), and <em>An. coustani</em> (3.8%). The mosquito species diversity (<em>H</em>) and evenness (<em>EH</em>) in the (rice cultivated areas) Minyat Al-Ashraf, Kebreet and El-Salmia villages (<em>H </em>= 1.286, <em>EH </em>= 0.829;<em> H </em>= 1.227, <em>EH </em>= 0.742;<em> H </em>= 1.110, <em>EH </em>= 0.882; respectively) were much higher than in the Fowa city (non rice cultivated area) (<em>H </em>= 0.718, <em>EH </em>= 0.608). On the other hand, the highest diversity and density of adult mosquitoes species obtained from Minyat Al-Ashraaf were 5 species and (33.8%), followed by Kebreet 5 species and (31.6%), El-Salmia 4 species and (24.5%), respectively compared with 3 species and (10.1%) in Fowa city. <em>C. </em><em>pipiens</em> adults were the predominant species, in all filarial indicator areas (68.1, 53.4, 40.8 and 20.8 mosquitoes/room) in Minyat Al-Ashraaf, Kebreet, El-Salmia villages and Fowa city, respectively. <em>Cx. </em><em>pipiens</em> was the only species to carry infective larvae as well as other stages, while <em>Cx. antennatus</em> carried immature stages only (not infective). Filarial larvae in<em> Cx. </em><em>pipiens</em> and <em>Cx. antennatus</em> were found only in Minyat Al-Ashraaf and Kebreet villages. It is inferred from the data that different levels of habitat with regard to rice cultivation have different effects on mosquito diversity and abundance. Also, our study revealed that filarial vectors <em>Cx. </em><em>pipiens</em> and <em>Cx. antennatus</em> had a wide distribution and high relative density especially in irrigated rice regions and hence its role in disease transmission in Kafr El-Sheikh region needs further investigation .
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<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17374_bd75ae14e20f2860f55107efb72eb43c.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200238120100101Incidence, Treatment and Visual Outcomes of Non-Infectious Keratitis as a Postoperative Complication of Laser-Assisted in-Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK).1151231737610.21608/ejhm.2010.17376ENMahmoud M SalehDepartment of ophthalmology, Faculty of medicine Al Azhar UniversityAhmed I GalhoomDepartment of ophthalmology, Faculty of medicine Al Azhar UniversityAbdallah E ShelilDepartment of ophthalmology, Faculty of medicine Al Azhar UniversityHasan M HegaziDepartment of ophthalmology, Faculty of medicine Al Azhar UniversityMohamed A WahdanDepartment of ophthalmology, Faculty of medicine Al Azhar UniversityJournal Article20181023<strong>Purpose:</strong> To study the incidence, treatment, and visual outcomes of Non-Infectious Keratitis as a Postoperative Complication of Laser in-Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) at Elite Medical & Surgical Center. K S A
<strong>Methods</strong>: The files of 3500 post-LASIK patients (6326 eyes) were reviewed for the development of Non-Infectious Keratitis. Incidence, management regimens, and final best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) were reported.
<strong>Results:</strong> Post-LASIK Non-Infectious Keratitis was diagnosed in 149 eyes (2.35%). The Keratitis was classified as diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) in 89 eyes (1.4%) and 60 eyes (0.94%) as localized debris-related Keratitis (LDK).
<strong> Conclusion</strong>: The occurrence of post-LASIK Non-Infectious Keratitis was 2.35%, with DLK being the common diagnosis overall, with 92.6% of patients achieving ≤ 20/20 BSCVA. The best way for prevention of DLK is to eliminate defined predisposing factors for DLK. Close follow-up during the early postoperative period.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17376_f7174459007b725dcc02533a94c50af0.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200238120100101Inferior oblique inclusion, Incidence Early detection and Prevention1241301737710.21608/ejhm.2010.17377ENMahmoud M SalehDepartment of ophthalmology, Faculty of medicine Al Azhar University.Journal Article20181023<strong>Purpose:</strong> To evaluate the incidence of inferior oblique inclusion during hooking of the lateral rectus muscle and how to detect and prevent.
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<strong>Methods</strong> : 50 patients (80) eyes operated upon lateral rectus muscles(recession 55 eyes resection 25 eyes ) for correction of horizontal deviation (esotropia and exotropia) the incidence of inferior oblique inclusion during hooking of the lateral rectus muscle throw fornix conjunctival incision was evaluated and managed.
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<strong>Results:</strong> the incidence of inferior oblique inclusion was found in 17 eyes 21.25%(12 eyes 15% Partial inclusion and 5 eyes 6.25% total inclusion) the inclusion was detected and managed early. Post operatively no element of vertical deviation due to inferior oblique inclusion.
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<strong>Conclusion</strong>: inferior oblique inclusion is a preventable complication if taken in consideration during hooking of the lateral rectus muscle.
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<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17377_fd572431e523122f40cb32c310ac21d5.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200238120100101Cytogenetic studies of Acute Myeloid Leukemia1311391737810.21608/ejhm.2010.17378ENTarek Abd -Alla AtiaHistology Dept. Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, CairoJournal Article20181023characterized by expansion of undifferentiated myeloid progenitors. Acquired chromosomal anomaly particularly reciprocal translocations constitute one of the major events contribute to leukemogenesis.
<strong>Patient and Methods:</strong>
45 untreated, newly diagnosed patients with de novo AML were enrolled in the present study and subjected to cytogenetic analysis. Four ml of heparinized peripheral blood were collected for 72 hours synchronized culture, and then chromosome G- banding analysis was performed using standard methods. The karyotypes were designated according to the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN). The collected data were analyzed statistically.
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<strong>Result:</strong>
Cytogenetic analysis and karyotype results were obtained in 45 patients with de novo AML. Males constituted 33.3%, and femalesconstituted66.7% of this group. The patients' age ranged from 17-60 years. Chromosomal anomalies have been detected in 21 out of 45 patients (46.7%).
However five different types of chromosome anomalies have been detected; where seven cases (33.3%) carrying t(15;17)( q22;q21); six cases (28.5%) carrying t(8;21)(q22;q22); three cases (14.3%) had trisomy 8; three cases (14.3%) had monosomy 7; and lastly two cases (9.5%) carrying inv(3)(q21q26).
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<strong>Conclusion: </strong>
Conventional cytogenetic analysis reliability detects chromosomal abnormalities in AML patients at the time of diagnosis. Chromosomal anomalies detected in Egyptian AML patients, are similar to some extent to those recorded in other areas of the world.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17378_f75be97b1ee7bd198ef9d86216bf51a7.pdf