Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200258120150101Physiological Markers for Radiation Illness171548910.12816/0009354ENEl Nashar N.AFaculty of Medicine, Taif UniversityMohamed H.AFaculty of Medicine, Taif UniversityEL Margoushy N.MFaculty of Medicine, Taif UniversityEL Nashar M.A.Faculty of Medicine, Jazan UniversityMohamed M.A.MResearch Center of High Altitude, Taif UniversityJournal Article20181001Radiation illness is defined as the damage to the organ tissues due to the excessive exposure to ionizing radiation. The exposure to radiation interferes with the process of cell division. Markers can be classified into several categories and are measured with a variety of techniques. The most useful markers are those that are easily collected and immediately available, inexpensive, diagnostic and prognostic, and specific for a given disease These markers might be classified as predictive, prognostic, diagnostic, and dosimetric markers as regard their effects on normal tissues. Markers of physiological effects response to radiation:
<strong>1)</strong> Markers of Cell Death.
<strong>2)</strong> Markers of Hypoxia.
<strong>3)</strong> Cytokines and inflammatory mediators [these cytokines: TGF-β1, Interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-8), intracellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), Pulmonary Surfactant Proteins, Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), Thrombomodulin, etc] <strong>4)</strong> Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) and CD34+ markers
<strong>5).</strong> Other protein markers as Amylase, Flt3-ligand, Citrulline, Plasma oxysterol concentrations as physiological markers of MODS.
<strong>6)</strong> Gene expression and amplification in response to radiation and the status of microarray analysis. Other markers include:
<strong>1</strong>.Markers leading to radiation-related side effects including those that can be used to identify subjects at greater risk than normal toxicity, before exposure; <strong>2.</strong>Markers useful for diagnosis, prognosis, biodosimetry, and therapy; <strong>3</strong>.Physiological markers are important available markers for radiation effects on tissues;
<strong> </strong>
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<strong>4. </strong>Cytokines appear to play the role of both causative agent and marker;
5. The evidence has demonstrated a potential value of determining the early response of
blood markers to ionizing radiation in predicting latent radiation toxicity, which may
be used for planning individualized treatment regimens. The future of research on markers of radiation tolerance is increasingly important due to the growing number of cancer treatment survivors. Although no validated blood markers are currently available for daily practice, further research in this area has become important.
<strong>Radiation illness</strong> is defined as the damage to the organ tissues due to the excessive exposure to ionizing radiation. The exposure to radiation interferes with the process of cell division<sup>(</sup><sup>1)</sup>. Radiation illness results from excessive exposure to ionizing radiation when humans (or other animals) are exposed to very large doses of ionizing radiation<sup>(2)</sup>. Radiation exposure can occur as a single large exposure (acute), or a series of small exposure spread over time (chronic)<sup> (3)</sup>.
<strong>Poteintial markers of radiation illness: </strong>Over the past five decades, those interested in markers of radiation effect have focused primarily on tumor response. More recently, however, the view has broadened to include irradiated normal tissues—markers that predict unusual risk of side-effects, prognosticate during the prodromal and therapeutic phases, diagnose a particular toxicity as radiation-related, and, in the case of bioterror, allow for tissue-specific biodosimetry<sup> (<strong>4)</strong></sup>. <strong>Markers profiles</strong> will vary with tissue and time due to the complex nature and protracted course of radiation toxicity. Markers are needed at all stages ofhttps://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15489_70e0dc226554571a0ef3c7b903705764.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200258120150101Drug Interactions between Phenytoin and Rosuvastatin on Lipid Profile, Liver Functions and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Irradiated Rats8171549010.12816/0009355ENDina M. LotfyNational Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.Seham H.M. HassanNational Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.Mostafa E. El SayedNational Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.Thanaa M. FahimNational Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20181001<strong>Background: </strong>phenytoin is one of the most commonly used anticonvulsants for treating generalized tonic-clonic seizures and status epileptics. Rosuvastatin is a new generation HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. This enzyme converts HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway which is the rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis.
<strong> Aim: </strong>This study was aimed to investigate the possible interactions between phenytoin and rosuvastatin when used together in irradiated rats. <strong>Methods: </strong>The experiments were carried out to investigate the acute effect of each drug individually and in combination with radiation on lipid profile [ Total cholesterol, Triacylglycerols, High density lipoproteins, Low density lipoproteins and Very low density lipoproteins, Risk factor, Atherogenic Index], liver function tests (AST & ALT) and oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, NO & SOD).
<strong>Results:</strong> Data revealed that, phenytoin in irradiated rats significantly increased serum total cholesterol compared to normal control. Rosuvastatin significantly decreased serum total cholesterol compared to irradiated control. Combination of two drugs significantly increased serum total cholesterol; triacylglycerols and serum VLDL-c levels compared to normal and irradiated rats and significantly increased Atherogenic Index and Risk factor compared to normal control. Phenytoin significantly increased serum ALT level compared to normal and irradiated rats and significantly increased serum MDA and serum NO levels compared to normal rats. But phenytoin significantly decreased MDA & NO levels and significantly increased SOD activity compared to irradiated rats. Rosuvastatin significantly increased serum ALT level compared to normal control but it significantly decreased MDA and significantly increased SOD activity compared to irradiated rats. Combination phenytoin and rosuvastatin in irradiated rats significantly increased serum ALT level compared to normal and irradiated rats and it significantly increased MDA, NO levels but it significantly decreased SOD activity compared to normal control.
It could be concluded that administration of phenytoin concurrently with rosuvastatin not recommended in patients receiving radiotherapy as dangerous side effects may be occurred.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15490_7cf5fe9609680e0badd34d53543daab0.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200258120150101Protective Effects of Onion Oil and Selenium against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Rats18251549110.12816/0009356ENKamel M. KamelPharmacolgy Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, NODCAR, Egypt, Cairo, P.O. BOX 29Hala M. FawzyPharmacolgy Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, NODCAR, Egypt, Cairo, P.O. BOX 29Salwa A. MetwallyPharmacolgy Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, NODCAR, Egypt, Cairo, P.O. BOX 29Hekma A. Abd El-LatifPharmacolgy & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo UniversityMostafa E. El-sayedPharmacolgy & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo UniversityJournal Article20181001<strong>Background:</strong> Nephrotoxicity is an inherent of certain anticancer drugs. <strong>Aim:</strong> This study aimed to assess the protective effect of onion oil and selenium against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats. <strong>Results</strong>: Cisplatin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) caused significant increases in serum sodium, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, total sodium and potassium excreted in urine, urine volume and lipid peroxides measured as the malondialdehyde content of kidney, with significant decreases in serum total protein, creatinine clearance, reduced glutathione content of kidney and kidney superoxide dismutase activity as compared to the control group. On the other hand, administration of onion oil (100 mg/kg, p.o.) or selenium (1 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 days with a single cisplatin dose on the 10<sup>th </sup>day ameliorated the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity as indicated by the restoration of kidney function and oxidative stress biomarkers. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Onion oil and selenium showed protective effects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15491_979d60031cf7acb57c3c1d2edd40d6aa.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200258120150101Impact of Donor and Recipient Sex on Outcomes of HLA-Identical Sibling Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.26311549210.12816/0009357ENHany M. HegabDepartment of Internal Medicine department-Hematology & SCT unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EGYPTEmad Abdel Mohsen Abdel HadiDepartment of Internal Medicine department-Hematology & SCT unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EGYPTMohamed Hamdy AttiaDepartment of Internal Medicine department-Hematology & SCT unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EGYPTMaha Mohamed Tawfik El-ZimatyDepartment of Internal Medicine department-Hematology & SCT unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EGYPTJournal Article20181001<strong> Background:</strong> hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is well established as therapy for hematologic malignancies as well as many non-malignant disorders. Donor selection is an important way to decrease the risks after HSCS and is therefore a key component of the clinical practice of transplantation. There are many criteria proved or hypothesized to affect outcomes after SCT and one of these, sex is the most controversial. Some investigators have found an increased risk of acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) associated with donor sex. Transplantation of stem cells from a female donor to a male recipient is a special circumstance in which donor T cells specific for minor H antigens, encoded by genes on the recipient Y-chromosome that are polymorphic to their X-chromosome homologues, may make a contribution to GVHD and GVL activity.<strong>Objective: </strong>investigate the effect of donor and recipient sex mismatch on outcomes of HLA-identical sibling allogeneic stem cell transplantation.<strong>Methods: </strong>this study was carried on 82 patients selected from patients who had underwent a myelo-ablative preparative regimen for a hematologic malignancy and received HSC transplant from an HLA-identical sibling being divided into 2 groups: 1st one with a female donor to a male recipient and 2nd one include otherwise. Both groups will be subjected to HLA tissue typing, CBC, Bone marrow aspirate evaluation, PT & PTT, blood culture when needed, SGPT, SGOT, ALP, blood urea, s.creatinine, urine analysis, pulmonary function tests, chest x-ray, echocardiography ECG, CMV-, EBV-, VZV-, Toxoplasma- antibodies (IgG , IgM), HBs-Ag, HBs-Ab, and HCV-Ab.<strong>Results:</strong> after variables controlling for patient and donor, there was an increased risk of acute GVHD in patients who received grafts from female donor being 18% for patients receiving grafts from female compared with 8% for recipients of male grafts. Donor sex was also an important influence on risk of developing chronic GVHD with cumulative incidences of chronic GVHD 9.7% for patients receiving transplants from male donors grafts compared to 24.3% for recipients of female donor grafts.<strong>Conclusion:</strong> we found that male recipients of grafts from female donors had a significantly higher probability for acute and chronic GVHD than male recipients with male donors or female recipients with female donors and despite the beneficial GVL effect observed in male recipients with female donors, these patients had significantly reduced survival compared with all patient/donor sex combinations, suggesting that other variables, particularly GVHD, contribute to transplantation-related mortality.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15492_12c861b8eab12dc2328d0bfb922551cf.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200258120150101Effectof Follicular Flushing during Oocyte Retrievalon Clinical Outcomeof Assisted Reproductive Technology32381549410.12816/0009358ENMohamed Mahmoud Ahmed SalmanObstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptAmr Abdel-Aziz El-Sayed AliObstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptAmr Helmy YehiaObstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptMagdi Hasan Ahmed KolaibObstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptMohamed Khater El-SheikhObstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181001<strong>Objective:</strong>is to determine whether follicular aspiration and flushing increase the number of oocytes yield and pregnancy outcome over aspiration alone in women undergoing ICSI.
<strong>Study design:</strong> prospective randomized controlled trial. One hundred eighty five infertile women who underwent ICSI were included in the study. They were randomized into two groups 92 cases in (aspiration and flushing group) and 93 cases in (aspiration only group),during the period from September 2011 to September 2013.
Intervention(S):Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation using long GnRH agonist was the standard protocol, hCGadministrated 10000 iu when three or more follicles were at least 18 mm in largest diameter, Trans-vaginal follicular aspiration performed 34-36 hours after hCG trigger.In the aspiration alone group, a 16 gauge single lumen needle used, with suction continue until a small amount of blood stained fluid appeared in the tubing or flow stop, When flushing accompany aspiration of follicular fluid in the study group, the same needle used with a double-way tap allowing flushing of (2 ml) of embty follicleby Earl's medium till oocyte retrieved or maximum two times.
Results:The study observed 60.5 % oocyte recovery rate with aspiration only compared with 80.9 % with follicular aspiration and flushing.Operative time (minutes) was significantly longer among flushing group,the retrieval time was 1.3 fold higher among those undergoing follicular flushing. Pregnancy was non-significantly more frequent among flushing. Implantation rates non-significantly more frequent among flushing group than non-flushing group (31.6% versus 26.3%, P= 0.424) and ongoing clinical pregnancy non-significantly more frequent among flushing group (27.4% versus 21.1% , P= 0.31).
Conclusion, flushing non-significantly increase implantation and clinical pregnancy outcome and associated with a significant increase in the procedure time for oocyte retrieval, so patient groups where a small number of oocytes are available for retrieval may represent patients most likely to benefit from follicle flushing as only one extra oocyte may affect the outcome.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15494_30109bad2cc2c849642cb94853f63263.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200258120150101Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Effects of Cleome Droserifolia (Samwah) in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats39471549510.12816/0009359ENEman G.E. HelalDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science (girls)ALsayeda Mohammed KhattabDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science (girls)Nouran Abou Aoufepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine (boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptInas Z.A. AbdallahDepartment of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20181001<strong>Background:</strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease caused by inherited or acquired deficiency in insulin secretion and by decreased responsiveness of the organs to the secreted insulin. Recently, some medicinal plants have been reported to be useful in diabetes treatment.<em> Cleome droserifolia</em> (Samwah) having a long history in Egyptian folk medicine for treatment of diabetes mellitus.
<strong>Aim of the work:</strong>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible antihyperglycemic property of <em>Cleome droserifolia</em> extract (CDE) and its antioxidant mechanism in alloxan induced diabetic rats.
<strong>Material and Methods:</strong>This study was performed on thirty male albino rats of Sprague Dawely strain with an average body weight of 100-110g. Animals were divided into three groups (ten/cage), control untreated group, diabetic group and diabetic group treated with plant extract that was given orally (28.5 mg/kg body wt. twice/ day).
<strong>Results: </strong>Results showed marked decline in levels of serum insulin, body weight, total proteins, albumin, globulin and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). These are accompanied with marked elevation in levels of fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, AST, ALT, GGT, urea, creatinine, uric acid, serum total lipids (TL), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerols (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) and ratios of TC/HDL and LDL/HDL (risk factors) in diabetic rats as compared to the corresponding controls. While the daily administration of diabetic rats with CDE showed significant amelioration in most of these parameters.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>It could be concluded that CDE treatment exerts a therapeutic protective nature in diabetes by decreasing oxidative stress and pancreatic β-cells’ damage which may be attributed to its antioxidative potential and antidiabetic property.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15495_627d3860facc8ddc5dab9cea6f9b9af8.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200258120150101Utilizers’ Satisfaction with Health Care Services Provided By New Damietta General Health Center48541549710.12816/0009360ENOmar Omar ZidanPublic Health and Community Medicine Department,
Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar UniversityJournal Article20181001Utilizers’ satisfaction is a multifaceted and a very challenging outcome to define. Patient expectations of care and attitudes greatly contribute to satisfaction. Other psychosocial factors, including pain and depression, are also known to contribute to utilizer’s satisfaction scores.<strong> Objectives:</strong> Were to assess the utilizers’ satisfaction with health care services provided by New Damietta Health Center and to determine health care providers’ opinions about the causes of the users satisfaction from their points of view and how to improve it.<strong> Methods</strong><strong>:</strong> A cross sectional study was conducted on the attendants of New Damietta General Health Center. The study included 130 health care utilizers and 49 health care providers from first of April to end of June 2014. Data collection was performed by an interview questionnaire.<strong> Results: </strong>The results showed that out of 130 health care utilizers, 96 (73.8%) were females, 91 (70.0%) were in the age group 19-45 years, and the overall rating of services as reported by the users was 62.46%. About half (46.2%) of the respondents reported that they had a good care at the center. While, a minority (3.8%) recorded that the center's services were poor. The users illustrated that the health care services and health care providers were the best items in the center, 53.9% and 46.0%, respectively. The cheap services were considered the commonest cause of satisfaction as reported by 47.9% of females and 53.0% of males. While, drug deficiency was the commonest cause of dissatisfaction as mentioned by 73.0% of females and 55.9% of males. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The majority of our respondents were relatively satisfied regarding different aspects of care. However, still there are many efforts (e.g. drug adequacy) needed for improvement of patient satisfaction. <strong>Recommendation:</strong> Health authorities should paid attention to overcome causes related to utilizers’ dissatisfaction as drug unavailability.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15497_869773de5379888e2932476d7a8a62ee.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200258120150101Out of Pocket Expenditure on Non-Communicable Diseases among Egyptian Patients55621549910.12816/0009361ENAhmed A. GhandourPublic Health and Community Medicine Department
Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar UniversityJournal Article20181001<strong>Background: </strong>Non communicable diseases (NCDs) are now the major cause of death and disability worldwide and increasingly affect people from developing as well as developed countries. NCDs account for 44 % of premature deaths worldwide. Over the next 20 years, it will cost > US $30 trillion. It was defined as the total amount of own money respondents spent on both medical expenses and nonmedical expenses related to care processes pertinent to healthcare. High levels of out of pocket expenditure on healthcare may leave insufficient income for other necessities, and may impede access to healthcare, affecting health status and quality of life. <strong>Objective:</strong> To determine the level of out of pocket expenditure of Egyptian patients who suffered from non communicable diseases. <strong>Methods:</strong> A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on Al-Hosary Family Health Center (6<sup>th</sup> October City, Egypt) targeted chronic patients older than 18 years with one or more of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia. An interviewing questionnaire was designed for data collection, which had been gathered during the period from February, 2014 to end of April, 2014. The number of patients who attended the center in that time and accepted to participate in the study and were sure about data related to their diseases and costs were 146 patients. <strong>Results:</strong> Results showed that mean age of the study participants was 48<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>6 years. Majority (76.7%) of the participants was females, 53.4% of the participants were suffering from DM while those who were suffering from hypertension represented 39.7% and 29.5% of them were suffered from dyslipidemia. 87% of the studied sample was non smoker while only 1.4% were alcoholic. 36.3% of the participants had different levels of regular physical activity; 11 % of them reached the required level of physical activity (≥ 30 minutes/day). Measuring of the obesity parameters revealed that mean BMI was 27<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>3 and mean waist circumference was 104<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>2 cm. Concerning out of pocket expenditure, 44.5% of the participants spent 500-1000 Egyptian pounds monthly for the management of their chronic diseases (DM, hypertension, dyslipidemia) while those who spent <500 L.E./month were 49.3%, and few patients (6.2%) reported that they spent >1000 L.E. monthly. The mean monthly out of pocket expenditure for the studied patients was 506.3<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>202.9 L.E. Concerning monthly out of pocket expenditure in relation to gender and employment, there is no significant statistical differences. There is a statistical highly significant difference between monthly out of pocket expenditure and number of chronic diseases. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> There is a high out of pocket expenditure for Egyptians with NCDs. <strong>Recommendations:</strong> Searching for alternatives for financial support of those patients, establishing a national health insurance program, effective intersectoral action, and improved access to basic healthcare.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15499_2c3568d5f9e986825a492be47e405b3b.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200258120150101Protective Effects of Curcumin for Oxidative Stress and Histological Alterations Induced by Pyrethroid Insecticide in Albino Rats63731550110.12816/0009362ENFouad Abdel RheimDepartment of biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo UniversityAwad Abbas RagabDepartment of biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo UniversityFatma .M. HammamDepartment of Mammalin Toxicology , Central Agriculture pesticidesLaboratory Agricultural Research CentralHossam El-Din HamdyDepartment of Mammalin Toxicology , Central Agriculture pesticidesLaboratory Agricultural Research CentralJournal Article20181001<strong>Background:</strong>esfenvalerate(esfen) is a type II of synthetic pyrethroid that has replaced other groups of insecticides due to its improved insecticidal potency. The objective of this study was to investigate the toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides on liver tissues of rats and the possible role of antioxidant plant (curcumin ) as a protective agent against oxidative stress and histological alterations.<br /> <strong>Material and methods:</strong> forty male albino rats were divided into 8 groups of 5 rats /each: G1: served as control and G2: served as positive control received (100mg/kg curcumin ), G3,G4 and G5 had oral administration (1/20 LD50, 1/40 LD50 and 1/60 LD50 of esfenvelerate ) respectively and the last three groups(G6,G7and G8) were received the same doses of pesticide plus 100mg /kg curcumin for 28 days daily.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> exposure of rats to (esfen) induced significant increase in the levels of MDA and significant decrease in total protein , GSH ,SOD and catalase whilst the insecticides doses plus curcumin showed decrease in MDA for high and medium dose and ameliorated the reduction of total protein concentration in low dose. We showed that curcumin acts as an effective antioxidant for esfen pesticide toxicity by reducing oxidative stress burden and histological damage.<br /> <strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15501_7933bf72f77b596f8eba3bf8abc1c61e.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200258120150101Ameliorative Effect of Two Antioxidants on The Liver of Male Albino Rats Exposed to Electromagnetic Field74931550510.12816/0009363ENFatma A. EidAl-Azhar University,Faculty of Science,Zoology DepartmentM. El-GendyAl-Azhar University,Faculty of Science,Zoology DepartmentSamir A. ZahkoukAl-Azhar University,Faculty of Science,Zoology DepartmentNomaan A El-TahwayMisr University For Science and TechnologySawsan,A. El-ShamyMisr University For Science and TechnologyJournal Article20181001<strong> Aim of the work</strong>-This study aimed to determine the ameliorative effect of silymarin (SIL) and vitamin E (Vit.E) against changes induced by mobile phone radiation in the liver of male albino rats. <strong>Matrerial and methods</strong>-Total of 48 adult male albino rats were assigned for this study. The 1<sup>st</sup> group served as control (n=6); the 2<sup>nd</sup> group exposed to mobile phone generator radiation (900MHz) for 2hr/day 3days/week for two months, 3<sup>rd</sup> group (+ve control) supplemented with SIL, 4<sup>th</sup> group (+ve control) supplemented with Vit.E, 5<sup>th</sup> group (+ve control) supplemented with SIL and Vit.E, 6<sup>th</sup> group: exposed group supplemented with SIL, 7<sup>th</sup> group : exposed group supplemented with Vit.E and 8<sup>th</sup> group exposed group supplemented with SIL and Vit.E.Physiological , histopathological and histochemical changes were studied.<strong>Results</strong>- Exposure to mobile phone causes reduction in RBCs, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH and MCHC. However, WBCs count, platelets count, lymphocytes % and neutrophil %were increased.Also, there were increases in liver enzyme activities ALAT, ASAT and ALP in serum and liver tissue significantly and increased oxidative stress markers (MDA and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>).While, antioxidants (CAT and GSH) were decreased in serum and liver tissue. Numerous histopathological changes were detected in the liver tissue of rats of the irradiated group with altered collagen fibres, polysaccharides and total protein in hepatocytes of the central and portal areas of the liver tissue in the exposed group These changes manifested good amelioration in the exposed groups that supplemented with SIL and/or Vit.E .
<strong>Conclusion- </strong>Treatment of rats with SIL and/or Vit.E ameliorated the dangerous effect of mobile phone radiation.
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<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15505_bc1c7673f70dbe65f0235e78507c5c09.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200258120150101Physiological and Histological Studies on The Heart of Male Albino Rats Exposed to Electromagnetic Field and The Protective Role of Silymarin and/orVitamin E.941081550810.12816/0009364ENSamir,A. ZahkoukAl-AzharUniversity,Faculty of Science,Zoology DepartmentAhkam M El-GendyAl-AzharUniversity,Faculty of Science,Zoology DepartmentFatma A. EidAl-AzharUniversity,Faculty of Science,Zoology DepartmentNomaan, A. El-TahwayMisr University For Science and TechnologySawsan A. El-ShamyMisr University For Science and TechnologyJournal Article20181001<strong>Aim of the work</strong>:This study aimed to determine the ameliorative effect of silymarin (SIL) and\or vitamin E (Vit.E) against changes induced by mobile phone radiation in the heart of male albino rats. <strong>Matrerial and methods</strong>:Total of 48 adult male albino rats were assigned for this study. The 1<sup>st</sup> group served as control (n=6), the 2<sup>nd</sup> group exposed to mobile phone generator radiation (900MHz) for 2hr/day 3days/week for two months, 3<sup>rd</sup> group (+ve control) supplemented with SIL, 4<sup>th</sup> group (+ve control) supplemented with Vit. E, 5<sup>th</sup> group (+ve control) supplemented with SIL and Vit.E, 6th group: exposed group supplemented with SIL, 7<sup>th</sup> group: exposed group supplemented with Vit.E and 8<sup>th</sup> group exposed group supplemented with SIL and Vit.E. Physiological ,histopathological and histochemical changes were studied.<strong>Results</strong>: Exposure to mobile phone causes increases in activities of CPK, CK-MB and LDH enzymes in serum and heart tissue and oxidative stress markers (MDA and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>),while antioxidants (CAT and GSH) were decreased in the heart tissue. Sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) levels were decreased While, K level showed non-significant change in serum. Numerous histopathological changes were detected in the heart tissue of rats of the irradiated group with altered collagen fibres, polysaccharides in the cardiac muscle fibres of the exposed group. These changes manifested good amelioration in the exposed groups that supplemented with SIL and/or Vit.E.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong>Treatment of rats with SIL and/or Vit.E ameliorated the dangerous effect of mobile phone radiation occurred in the cardiac muscle fibres.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15508_1f4739db479c759b13b5a88f8a71b8bb.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200258120150101A Possible Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Effect of Herbal Mixture Extraction in Diabetic Rats1091191551010.12816/0009365ENEman G. E. HelalDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptNoran Abou-AoufDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptAL Sayeda M. KhattabDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181001<strong>Back ground:</strong> The use of medicinal plants for management of diabetes mellitus is an old practice which has become even more relevant in modern perspective. The present work was designed to evaluate the effect of a mixture of five medicinal plants which used in folk medicine in Egypt especially in Sinai as hypoglycemic agents on the adult male diabetic rats. These plants are<em> Cleome droserifolia </em>(Samwah), <em>Ambrosia maritima</em> (Damsissa),<em>Artemisia judaica</em> (Shih kharasani), <em>Chiliadenus montanus</em> or <em>Jasonia Montana </em>(Neheda) and <em>Artemisia annua</em><em> (Kaysom).</em><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Thirty male albino rats were divided equally into three groups including control, diabetic and diabetic treated with a mixture of aqueous extract. A single dose of alloxan (120 mg/kg body weight) was used to induce diabetes in rats. Diabetic rats were given plant mixture extract orally twice daily for 30 days (28.5 mg/kg body weight (b. wt.) twice/day). <strong>Results</strong>: there was a marked decline (p<0.01) in levels of serum insulin, body weight (4.98 %), total proteins, albumin, globulin and high density lipoproteins (HDL) accompanied with marked elevation (p<0.01) in levels of fasting blood glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA_IR), aspartate aminotransferase(ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), urea, creatinine, uric acid, serum total lipids(TL), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides TG, low density lipoproteins (LDL), and very low density lipoproteins(VLDL),risk ratios of TC/HDL and LDL/HDL in diabetic rats as compared to the control rats. While administration of <em>a<em>queous extract </em></em>of plant mixture to alloxan diabetic rats significantly ameliorated the disturbed biochemical parameters. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results proved that this plant mixture extract has a significant hypoglycemic effect and ameliorating metabolic abnormalities induced by diabetes mellitus.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15510_ec8cd9dd370b9a822298d90549f4e2a0.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200258120150101Experimental Rat Model of Diabetic Nephropathy: RAGE Detection and Effect of Spironolactone Monotherapy1201281551410.12816/0009366ENMalak NabilNephrology Department Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza.Manar RaafatNephrology Department Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza.Emam WakedNephrology Department Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza.Afkar BadawyPathology Department Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza.Mohamed SalahVeterinary Department Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza.Journal Article20181001<strong>Background: </strong>The glycation process results in formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which accumulate in different organs at an accelerated rate in diabetes, resulting in alteration of both structure and function. This effect is via the receptor for AGES (RAGE), which is a signaling receptor leading to profibrotic reactions. The renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) is activated in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and leads to more renal damage. This is inhibited by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and mineralocorticoid receptor blockers (MRBs).<strong>Aim of the study:</strong> to show the monotherapeutic effect of spironolactone in diabetic nephropathy and to detect RAGE. <strong>Method: </strong>Diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin. Three weeks after,spironolactone (SPL) was given for 4 weeks. Then, control, diabetic and treated rats were sacrificed. <strong>Results:</strong> The results of blood chemistry at the end of 4 weeks showed statistical increase in serum sodium, potassium and urea with no effect on serum creatinine or blood glucose. Kidney pathological injuries were attenuated by SPL also, RAGE deposition compared to the diabetics. The study showed RAGE deposition in the experimental DN and confirmed the beneficial effects of MRB in DN.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15514_1ea2ca081f44bf9c02f8d9b5b3a32a6b.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200258120150101Protective and Curative Effect of Thymoquinone on Ehrlich Solid Carcinoma Inoculated Mice1291421552110.21608/ejhm.2015.15521ENSayed K. AreidaZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptAmira O. Abd El-AzimZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptMaggie E. AmerZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptJournal Article20181001<strong>Background:</strong> Thymoquinone (TQ), the main constituents of the volatile oil from <em>Nigella sativa </em>seeds and it is reported to protect laboratory animals against chemical toxicity and induction of carcinogenesis. This study was undertaken to investigate the potential protective and curative effect of TQ on Ehrlich solid carcinoma cells (ESC) inoculated mice-induced carcinogenesis. <strong>Material and methods: (50) </strong>Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups. Control group, Thymoquonone group: animals of this group were orally treated with <strong>TQ </strong>(10 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks, Ehrlich Carcinoma group : animals of this group were inoculated intramuscularly with 0.2mL Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (2.5×10<sup>6</sup> cells) in the right thigh of the lower limb, Thymoquinone and Ehrlich carcinoma group: animals of this group were pre-treated with TQ for 14 days then inoculated with (EAC) and Ehrlich Carcinoma and Thymoquinone group : in this group animals were inoculated with EAC then after 8 days received <strong>TQ</strong> orally for a month. Morphological, Molecular as well as histopathological and ultrastructural changes were examined. <strong>Results: </strong>Our results revealed that <strong>TQ</strong> showed a significant anti-tumor activity in <strong>ESC</strong> bearing mice represented by a reduction in tumor weight and volume. Flow cytometric analysis illustrated that the level of apoptosis is significantly decreased in <strong>ESC</strong> inoculated group. Otherwise, <strong>TQ+ESC</strong> and <strong>ESC+TQ</strong> groups showed a highly significant increase in apoptosis G0/1 peak. The level of P53 protein expression showed a significant decrease in ESC inoculated group, and this decrease was ameliorated in TQ+ESC and <strong>ESC+TQ</strong> groups when compared to <strong>ESC</strong> inoculated group. Histopathological observations showed a reduction in tumor size after treatment with Thymoquinone and this tumor was found to be discontinuous and fragmented with slowly growing. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>ourresults revealed that TQ has potential benefits in the prevention of the onset and progression of solid tumor model in mice.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15521_618874146c03b7df3a95d57242ae6c96.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200258120150101Effect of Atorvastatin (ATOR) on the Cardiac Muscle Fibres in Hyperlipidemic Adult Male Albino Rats (Structural and Biochemical Study)1431661552510.21608/ejhm.2015.15525ENEzz-Eldin E AbdallahHistology Department Faculty of Medicine-Damietta- Al-Azhar UniversityAlsaid A Abd-ElhadyAnatomy Department Faculty of Medicine-Damietta- Al-Azhar UniversityMagdy Y ElsaidPhysiology Departments Faculty of Medicine-Damietta- Al-Azhar UniversityJournal Article20181001<span>Background</span><span>:Atorvastatin (ATOR) used as a cholesterol-lowering drug. Ator is one of statins widely used, commercially available and increasingly used day by day.Few studies and limited data were existed on atorvastatin induced histological and ultrastructural changes in the cardiac muscle fibres. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential toxicity of the human equivalent therapeutic doses of Atorvastatin on cardiac muscle fibres in induced hyperlipidemic adult male albino rats. </span><span>Material and Methods: </span><span>thirty adult male albino rats were used in this study, the rats used weighing (150±10) gm. Rats were divided into groups,Group one (5 rats), served as the control group (</span><span>C</span><span>) .Other twenty five rats were subjected to high fat diet (25% fat and 2% cholesterol) for 3 weeksand thenthey subdivided into three groups.Group two (five rats) was considered as a hyperlipidemic group (</span><span>H</span><span>).Group three, treated group one (</span><span>T1</span><span>) (ten rats) received atorvastatin(Ator 20mg) (1.5 mg / day / rat)for three weeks , by the end the third week five rats weresacrificed and other five rats were considered as the recovery group one (</span><span>R1</span><span>) , they received normal diet only for another three weeks. Group four , treated group two (</span><span>T2</span><span>) (ten rats) received Atorvastatin (Ator 20mg) (1.5 mg / day / rat)for other six weeks , by the end of the 6</span><span>th </span><span>week five rats weresacrificed and other five rats were considered as the recovery group two (</span><span>R2</span><span>) , they received only normal diet for another six weeks. At the end of each step of the experiment, rats were sacrificed and specimens of cardiac muscle fibres prepared by different methods for light and electron microscopic studies. Also blood sampling was obtained forthebiochemical study.</span><span>Results: </span><span>the histological data obtained from the different groups showed many changes, in hyperlipidemic group (</span><span>H</span><span>) indistinct and distorted striation and separation of cardiac muscle fibres , ,vesicular nuclei , presence of myofibroblasts with congested and dilated blood vessels, loss of some nuclei and condensation of nuclear chromatin with normal mitochondria were detected. Treated group one (</span><span>T1</span><span>) showed that cardiac muscle fibres restored their striation with separated and splitted myofibres and pyknotic nuclei, increased myofibrobasts ,lymphocytic infiltration ,congested blood vessels and mitochondrial vacuolation with disorganization of their cristae. In treated group two (</span><span>T2</span><span>) patchy loss of striation was observed with splitted cardiac muscle fibres ,pyknotic nuclei of cardiomyocytes, margination of nuclear chromatin ,congested blood vessels, lymphocytic infiltration, swelling of mitochondria with disorganization of their cristae. In recovery group one (</span><span>R1</span><span>) cardiac muscle fibres restored their striation. In recovery group two (</span><span>R2</span><span>) cardiac muscle fibres restored their normal architecture. </span><span>The statistically evaluated </span><span>data showed a significant difference in parentage of collagen and optical density of PAS + ve materials in the different groups when compared to the control group specially in </span><span>T2</span><span>.</span><span>The laboratory evaluated data </span><span>showedsignificant increase inlevels of cholesterol (C) , triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C), Very low density lipoprotein (vLDL), Atherogenic index(AI) and decrease in high density lipoprotein- cholesterol (HDL-C) between the control and the hyperlipidemic group. Administration of ATOR to the treated groups induce significant decrease inlevels of C, TG, LDL-C , (vLDL), (AI) and increase of HDL-C when compared with the hyperlipidemic group .Also there were significant decreasein levels of C, TG, LDL-C and increase of HDL-Cin recovery groups when compared with the hyperlipidemic group. </span><span>Conclusion: </span><span>administration of ATOR for long time led to adverse degenerative effects on structure of the cardiac muscle fibres, although it has a potent lowering effect on lipid profile in hyperlipidemia.<br /> </span><span><br /></span>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15525_8a75185902bc3954c87526b89d5cad3b.pdf