Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200262120160101Assessment of Asthma Control in a Sample of Asthmatic Patientsin Taif City, Saudi Arabia181537910.12816/0021408ENNesriene El MargoushyDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Taif University, Saudi ArabiaSahar Musarri AlkhaldDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Taif University, Saudi ArabiaNawal Zewaid Al KhaldiDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Taif University, Saudi ArabiaNihad El NasharDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Taif University, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20181001<strong>Background: </strong>asthma Control Test (ACT) Questionnaire is developed to meet the guidelines internationally accepted for asthma management by measuring adequacy and any alteration in control of asthma, occurring spontaneously or after starting asthma management. <strong>Objectives:</strong> toassess control of asthma in a sample of patients diagnosed as asthmatics in Taif City based on Asthma Control Test (ACT) <strong>Methods:</strong> fifty asthmatic patients, from those attending the out patients clinic in King Abdul Aziz Specialized hospital and chest hospital in Taif city, were included in this study in the period from July to December, 2013. Patients were subjected to: full clinical history and examination for clinical classification of the disease and to recognize controlled from uncontrolled patients; review for the treatment plan for each patient; (ACT) questionnaire was used to identify patients with poorly controlled asthma. <strong>Results:</strong> clinical classification of asthma showed that 20% of patients had intermittent asthma, 24% had mild persistent asthma, 32 % had moderately persistent asthma and 24% of patients got severe persistent asthma. According to ACT only 24% of patients were controlled, while the rest of patients 76% were considered uncontrolled. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>ACT was found to be a reliable tool for assessment of uncontrolled asthmatic patients when implemented in Taif city. <strong>Recommendations:</strong> conduct more studies in different geographical areas to assess effectiveness of the AST questionnaire in different situations and different asthmatic patients.
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https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15379_e4bc242977e79219075361f0a28e5969.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200262120160101The Fundamental Role Played by Cell Cycle Proteins in Controlling Cell Proliferation in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection.9171538010.12816/0021409ENSaadia FaridDepartment Of Tropical MedicineNational Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityLaila RashedDepartment Of Biochemistry National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversitySamya SweilamDepartment Of Medical Biochemistry National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20181001<strong>Background:</strong> examining the alteration of cell cycle genes in early hepatitis C virus (HCV) found that altered expression of mitotic checkpoint genes, MAD2L1, KNTC1, CDC16 and CDC34, KNTC1 known as “rough deal protein” (ROD) is part of a complex involved in elaborating an inhibitory signal due to improper chromosomal aligment during cell division.
<strong>Aim of the work: </strong>attempt for the identification of proteins (genes), which act as predictive factors to identify patients with high risk of cell transformation and HCC development.
<strong>Patients and methods: </strong>fifty three patients with chronic HCV infection, age ranged between 18 and 58 years, time of assessment was before starting therapy of hepatitis C at the National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute. Ten healthy individuals were included to serve as controls. All the patients and controls were subjected to the following: history, clinical examination, abdominal ultrasonography, and collection of blood samples for routine laboratory investigation; CBCs. Liver biopsy was done to all patients and controls, patients revealed mild fibrosis (Metavir fibrosis scores from F1 to F3). Also, we used freshly frozen liver biopsies mRNA levels with perspective protein levels of four genes: P27, P15, KNTC1, MAD2L1. <strong>Results: </strong>significant association of P27, P15, KNTC1 and MAD2L-1 with the progression of liver fibrosis in chronic HCV liver biopsy was found. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> there is altered gene expression in HCV-associated liver disease. <strong>Recommendations:</strong> the emerging interest of hepatologists in the influence of genetic factors in HCV. Evaluation of the expression of key proteins related to the cell cycle and apoptosis in chronically infected patients with HCV would be of significance to understand disease pathogenesis, and will help in identifying novel prognostic indicators.
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<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15380_c2606fc61f1c12a13dac1f5fe8f875b5.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200262120160101Mitomycin-C Induced Genetoxic Effect in Lymphocytes and Histological Alterations in Testes of Male Albino Mice18271538110.12816/0021410ENNagla Zaky Ibrahim El -AlfyBiological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptMahmoud Fathy MahmoudBiological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptAyman Mohammad AbdullahBiological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181001<strong>Background:</strong>mitomycin-C (MC) is an anti-cancer drug against several tumor types, including colon, breast and head and neck. In this demonstration, the genotoxic effects of mitomycin-C on DNA content and testicular tissue of male albino mice <em>Mus musculus </em>were studied.<strong>Materials & Methods:</strong> mitomycin-C treated animal was injected intrapretonialy with tested doses of mitomycin-C single time at the first day of the experiment. Comet assay was used to detect the DNA damage in mice lymphocytes and the mean of total comet score was increased by dose and time among all treated groups. <strong>Results:</strong>the histological alterations caused in the testis of mice after mitomycin-C treatment displayed variable changes in both the seminiferous tubules and the interstitial tissue. Changes in seminiferous tubules were represented by hypoplasia of the germinal epithelium and spermatogenic arrest at various stages of spermatogenesis. The most prominent changes reported in the intertubular tissue were represented by the presence of a homogeneous and intensely eosinophilic ground substance in the interstitial areas, congestion of blood vessels as well as haemorrhage. The histological changes were also significantly increased by time and dose.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15381_64dd9e3f4cb5931af70486264b9a1b06.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200262120160101Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Changes Induced by BisphenolA in Reproductive Tissues of Female Rat28361538210.12816/0021411ENAlazzouni A. SDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Helwan UniversityHassan B. NDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Helwan UniversityAl Jalaud N. ADepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dammam, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20181001<strong>Background: </strong>Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental chemical that has beenwidely used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics andepoxy resins for many years. Due to its major applications inthe production of plastic food or beverage containers andthe coating of food cans, people of different ages are inevitably exposed to BPA in daily life. It is a contaminant with increasing exposure to it and exerts both toxic and estrogenic effects on mammalian cells. <strong>Aim of the work: </strong>the present study was designated to evaluate the histopathological and immunohistochemical effect of BPA on the histoarchitecture of pituitary ,adrenal,ovarian and uterine axis of female albino rats and the ameliorative effect of antiestrogen drug and stem enhance <strong>Experimental model and methods: </strong>20 female albino rats weighing 100 – 120 g. were kept under observation for about 15 days before the onset of the experiment for adaptation, then the rats were classified into 4 groups 5 rats for each , the <strong>first group</strong> was left without any treatment for 30 days as negative control group , the <strong>second group</strong> was administered with 20 mg/kg.bw of BPA for 15 consecutive days as positive control, the <strong>third group</strong> administered with 20 mg/kg.bw of BPA for 15 consecutive days and then treated withantiestrogen drug as 0.1 mg/100gm.bw for 15 day, the <strong>fourth group</strong> administered with the same dose for the same period and the treated with stem enhance (4.5 mg/100.bw) for 15 days.All rats are scarified and organs were histologically examined after processing
<strong>Results:</strong>the results showed thatPA has a histopathological effects on vital organs (pituitary, adrenal,ovary,oviduct and uterus) even for a short period with minimal ameliorative effect of antiestrogen drug and stem enhance.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15382_30c7e6c5ed392e034d615d7d2eb8fe46.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200262120160101Relation between Serum Levels of Vitamin D and Echocardiographic Determinants of Systolic and Diastolic Functions in Patients with and without Cardiorenal Syndrome37501538310.12816/0021412ENAhmed Ibrahim El-Desoky KhalilDepartment of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityRamzy Hamed El-MawardyDepartment of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityHaitham Galal MohammedDepartment of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityMohammed Ahmed Abdel RahmanDepartment of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityTarek Rasheed MohamedDepartment of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityJournal Article20181001<strong>Background: </strong>vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin; it has skeletal and non-skeletal functions. The effect of Vitamin D on CV disease had several mechanisms including elevated PTH and Calcium-phosphate metabolism. It decreases the pro- remodeling of Angiotensin II on the cardiomyocytes.
<strong>The </strong><strong>Objectives: </strong>to study relation between serum levels of vitamin D and echocardiographic determinants of systolic and diastolic functions in patients with and without cardio-renal syndrome.
<strong>Patients and Methods</strong><strong>: </strong>prospective study was conducted on 90 patients of all age groups and both sexes, admitted to Ain-Shams University hospital. The study included 3 groups of patients: Group 1: systolic dysfunction and renal insufficiency (30 patients), Group 2: systolic dysfunction only (30 patients). Group 3: renal insufficiency only (30 patients), in addition 10 healthy controls were taken as controls. Patients were subjected to full comprehensive echocardiography and KFT with estimation of creatinine clearance, and Vitamin D level that was statistically studied against echocardiographic parameters of cardiac systolic and diastolic function. <strong>Results:</strong> our study found that, compared to patients with normal vitamin D level, patients with vitamin D deficiency (defined as having vitamin D level <20 ng/ml) had significantly higher ventricular thickness (IVS, PW and mean wall thickness) (P value < 0.001), and higher LV mass which seems to be linked eventually to worse outcomes with no significant impact on worsening Diastolic dysfunction. A ROC curve was done revealing a sensitivity of 80% for the mean wall thickness (≥ 10 mm) to identify patients with vitamin D deficiency.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Vitamin D deficiency was associated with ventricular hypertrophy with worsening outcomes with no impact on diastolic function.
<strong>Key words:</strong> https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15383_bf1ce2afde66ecc133b35992530e413b.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200262120160101Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Premature Ventricular Beats among Egyptians: Predictors of Success and Recurrence51561538410.12816/0021413ENMustafa Mohamed AbdelmonaemDepartment of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptWagdy Abdelhamid GalalDepartment of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptHayam Mohamed EldamenhouryDepartment of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptMohamed Amin AbdelhamidDepartment of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptRania Samir AhmedDepartment of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptHaitham Abd El Fattah BadranDepartment of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181001<strong>Background:</strong> Premature ventricular beats (PVBs) are early depolarization of the myocardium originating in the ventricle, the prognosis in patients with frequent PVBs and no obvious organic heart disease is usually very good. However, many patients are severely symptomatic with impaired quality of life.
<strong>Aim of the study</strong>: We aimed at our study to assess the success of radiofrequency catheter ablation of monomorphic PVB and its impact on improvement of left ventricular (LV) systolic functions.
<strong>Patients and Methods</strong>: The current study was conducted on 40 patients with frequent symptomatic monomorphic PVBs, candidate for PVB radiofrequency catheter ablation in cardiology department, Ain Shams University, between 2013 and 2015. All patients were subjected to thorough history taking, complete general and local examination, conventional 2D echocardiography and pre-procedural Holter ECG monitoring. Patients were divided to two groups (20 patients in each group) according to the presence or absence of structural heart disease. Electrophysiological mapping and ablation was done for all patients, and their clinical, electrophysiological and procedural aspects were analyzed. Follow up echocardiography and Holter ECG monitoring was done 3-6 months later to assess recurrence and impact on LV internal dimensions and systolic functions.
<strong>Results</strong>: Acute success was achieved in 35 patients (87.5%), and long term success was achieved in 30 patients (75%), with elimination of PVBs and distressing symptoms among group of patients with procedural success. Presence of structural heart disease was not related statistically to procedural failure or long term recurrence. Magnitude of reduction of PVB burden had significant correlation with improvement of systolic functions (P=0.04). Significant improvement of echocardiographic parameters was witnessed among group with baseline LV systolic dysfunction.
<strong>Conclusions</strong>: Radiofrequency catheter ablation is an effective and safe therapeutic tool for frequent monomorphic PVBs and should be addressed as 1<sup>st</sup> line option for reversal of PVB induced LV systolic dysfunction.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15384_6ef97cf0150bf940f7216ebe9af69159.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200262120160101The Impact of Transradial versus Transfemoral Approach for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on the Outcome of Patients Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndrome57641538510.12816/0021414ENAhmed Ibrahim NassarDepartment of cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityAhmed Mohamed El MahmoudyDepartment of cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityAhmed Mohamed El MissiryDepartment of cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityShehab Adel El EtribyDepartment of cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityJournal Article20181001<strong>Background: </strong>the transfemoral approach (TFA) has been until presently the main-stay for arterial access PCI in the setting of acute STEMI, while the transradial approach (TRA) is gaining ground in elective as well as primary procedures.
<strong>Objectives: </strong>to assess the impact of transradial versus transfemoral approach for PCI on the outcome of patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome.
<strong>Patients and Methods: </strong>prospective study was conducted on 100 patients presenting to Ain Shams University Hospitals Coronary Care Unit (CCU) with recent onset acute coronary syndrome (whether unstable angina (UA)/non–ST-segment-elevation MI (NSTEMI) or ST-segment-elevation MI (STEMI)) undergoing revascularization via percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients were randomized into 2 equal groups, for the first group PCI was performed via TFA while for the second group via TRA.
<strong>Results:</strong> our study found that, with TRA we get less bleeding, less local vascular complications [8 (16%) vs 2 (4%), p=0.045] & less amount of dye used (169.60 ± 21.28 versus 187.00 ± 37.65 ml, p=0.006) without significant increase in fluoroscopy time (10.86 ±4.88 versus 9.76 ±4.74 mins, p=0.256) or radiation exposure. Although there was no significant difference in mortality and morbidity, TRA offers the patient a more simple procedure with less hospital stay (3.4 ±0.948 versus 3.86 ±0.808 days, p<0.01).
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> radial artery access is a safe and effective approach for management of ACS. If performed by experienced operators, TRA should be the standard access in managing ACS specifically in STEMI.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15385_1950e817a1521e43f4baf75cb57bbb7a.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200262120160101Anticancer Potential of Bee Venom and Propolis Combined Treatment on Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cell Line (MCF-7)65761538610.12816/0021415ENEman G. E. HelalDepartments of Zoology – Faculty of Science - Al-Azhar UniversityNora Abdulaziz Al JalaudDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dammam, Saudi ArabiaIslam M. El-GarawaniDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menofia University, MenofiaAnwaar Alkamel KahwashDepartments of Basic Science - College of Dentistry - Sinai UniversityJournal Article20181001<strong>Backgrounds: </strong>Natural remedies were used for cancer treatments, particular breast cancer. Also, the consumption of food products containing high amount of flavonoids and antioxidants had reported to lower the risk of various cancers. Bee venom (BV) and propolis were produced by honey bee. They were characterized by naturopathic formulation, affordability and containing high amount of antioxidants. Moreover, they were used safely since ancient times globally. Although that, there is no information about the synergistic or antagonistic anticancer effects of their combination. This study was designed to evaluate cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of BV, propolis, and their combination on breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> As preliminary study, MCF-7 cells were treated with BV (5, 10, and 20µg/ml) and propolis (50, 150, and 450µg/ml) to specify the desired combination doses of each treatment with no anticancer effect individually. Consequently, doses of (5µg/ml BV+ 50µg/ml propolis and 5µg/ml BV+ 150µg/ml propolis) were chosen to evaluate the possible synergistic anticancer potential between them. All groups in this study were examined at 2, 4, and 12 hours intervals. The morphological changes were evaluated by acridine orange/ ethidium bromide dual fluorescent staining and Giemsa staining to reveal the formation of apoptotic bodies or nuclear condensation and cytoplasmic blebbing, respectively. DNA fragmentation assay was also carried out to record the reduction in DNA content and apoptosis. Bcl-2 expression, cytoplasmic anti-apoptotic marker, was used to prove the apoptotic properties, and autophagic cell death by florescent microscopy was evaluated also. <strong>Results:</strong> Morphological observation by inverted and florescent microscopy revealed apoptotic cell death under exposure to BV (10 and 20µg/ml) and propolis (450µg/ml). On the other hand, the results of combined treatments revealed significant morphological alterations after fluorescent and Giemsa staining. Apoptotic DNA fragmentation was clearly observed and Bcl-2 recoded significant down regulation which proved the apoptotic properties of combined treatments. Additionally, autophagic degradation results also supported the occurrence of stress on treated cells leading finally to cell death. All results of powerful anticancer potential were obvious among all combined-treated groups in dose and time dependent manner. This clear that, the combined treatments have possible synergistic effect which, propose it as potential candidates to be used in development of chemotherapy.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15386_9e6a4d92e9a5df479ba355f7c94e5390.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200262120160101Role of Hypovitaminosis D in the Incidence and Complications of Diabetes Mellitus in Rats77881538710.12816/0021416ENHanaa H. EL-SayedNational Nutrition Institute - Biochemical Nutrition and Metabolism Dep. Cairo, EgyptAyman E El-AdawyFaculty of home Economics, nutrition and food science Dep., Menofiya UniversitySoad H MostafaFaculty of home Economics, nutrition and food science Dep., Menofiya UniversityAreej A YassinNational Nutrition Institute - Biochemical Nutrition and Metabolism Dep. Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181001<strong>Background:</strong> Diabetes mellitus continues to be a public health concern. Vitamin D had sparked widespread interest in the pathogenesis and prevention of diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D (deficiency & treatment) with alteration in fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance in alloxan injected rat. <strong>Materials and methods:</strong> The experiment was carried out using 40 male albino rats (Sprague Dawley) weighing 150±10g. Animals were randomly divided into three groups; first group fed standard diet as a negative control group. Diabetic group injected subcutaneously by alloxan, and fed on standard diet. The third group fed standard diet without vitamin D for two weeks. After that glucose and insulin were determined in each rat of all groups to insure alteration in fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance, Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)was calculated. Then the third group was divided to two subgroups. The first subgroup fed basil diet with required vitamin D; while the second subgroup fed standard diet with double dose vitamin D. At the end experiment (4 weeks), glucose, insulin, lipid profile, liver and renal functions were determined in blood and serum, while (HOMA-IR)and LDL were calculated for normal, diabetic group and both treatment subgroups. <strong>Results:</strong> Vitamin D deficiency group had the nearest results to the diabetic group injected with alloxan group in: insulin, glucose and HOMA-IR. Other groups had lower level than the other two groups in the same parameter. Our data explained the improvement in glucose level after feeding with vitamin D. Diabetic group injected with alloxan had increased in liver enzymes, renal function and lipid profile compared with other groups and showed variable changes in histopathological examination<strong>. Conclusion:</strong> Vitamin D deficiency status is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Vitamin D improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Vitamin D has also been shown to reduce the risk of diabetes associated complications.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15387_7830216f775d48016996599c89443f6f.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200262120160101An Audit Evaluating Anticoagulation Clinic Managed by Clinical Pharmacists in Jordan89941538810.12816/0021417ENNadia A. Al-OmariClinical Pharmacy, Queen Alia Heart InstituteNairooz H. Al-MomanyClinical Pharmacy, Queen Alia Heart InstituteDiana A. IbrahimClinical Pharmacy, Queen Alia Heart InstituteRuba B. AyeshClinical Pharmacy, Dirocterate of Royal Medical ServicesHana A. Al-SarayrehBCs in Diet Therapy, Queen Alia Heart Institute,Hiam S. Al-HaqeshClinical Pharmacy, King Hussein Medical Center.Journal Article20181001<strong>Background and Objectives :</strong>Warfarin is the most widely prescribed oral anticoagulant; it is highly effective for the treatment and prevention of venous and arterial thrombosis. The beneficial outcomes of warfarin therapy are dependent upon achieving and maintaining an optimal international normalized ratio (INR) therapeutic range. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of our newly established clinic at Queen Alia Heart Institute (QAHI) in the Royal Medical Services (RMS), Jordan.
<strong>Patients and Methods:</strong>An observational prospective study was carried out in a newly established anticoagulation clinic managed by two clinical pharmacists and one nutritionist in QAHI since September 2013 until June 2014. The patients (no= 250) who were on warfarin for at least two months referred to the clinic were included in our study. All patients or their care givers received a 45 minutes educational session and a warfarin booklet. Then they were followed up regularly for achieving and maintaining the target INR and developing any adverse events related either too high or low INR (>4.5 or <1.5, respectively).<strong>Results:</strong>The age range of this group of the patients who were referred to t he clinic was wide, 5-81 years. 65% of them were males, with the most common indications for Warfarin were aortic and mitral valves replacement, and atrial fibrillation.72% of the patients were not achieving therapeutic (T) INR 43% of them achieve the TINR within the first week, 28% within the second week, 17% within the third, 4% within the fourth and 8% exceeded 4 weeks. The proportion of time within TINR for all the patients during the whole period was 75%. Only 7% of the patients had low INR, <1.5 and 5% had high INR, >4.5 for one visit. No major thromboembolic or hemorrhagic events were reported.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong>The newly established clinic had achieved a considerable encouraging results and feedbacks in the short period of time since it had been established.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15388_812c364fb9ed91502d76e85aa8edf3e1.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200262120160101Hepatoprotective and antidiabetic effects of apple cider vinegar (A Prophetic Medicine Remedy) on the liver of male rats951041538910.12816/0021418ENNassar Ayoub Abdellatif OmarDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Taif University, Saudi ArabiaAmal Nor Edeen Ahmad AllithyDepartment of Pathology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, EgyptSalah Mohamed El SayedDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20181001 <strong>Background:</strong> Diabetes mellitus is associated with biochemical and pathological alterations in the liver. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of apple cider vinegar (ACV) on serum biochemical markers and histopathological changes in the liver of diabetic rats for 30 days. Effects were evaluated using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats as an experimental model. <strong>Materials and methods:</strong> Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single dose of STZ (65 mg/kg) given intraperitoneally. Thirty wistar rats were divided into three groups: control group, STZ-treated group and STZ plus ACV treated group (2 ml/kg BW). Animals were sacrificed 30 days post treatment. <strong>Results:</strong> Biochemical results indicated that, ACV caused a significant decrease in glucose, TC, LDL-c and a significant increase in HDL-c. Histopathological examination of the liver sections of diabetic rats showed fatty changes in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes in the form of accumulation of lipid droplets, lymphocytic infiltration. Electron microscopic studies revealed aggregations of polymorphic mitochondria with apparent loss of their cristae and condensed matrices. Besides, the rough endoplasmic reticulum was proliferating and fragmented into smaller stacks. The cytoplasm of the hepatocytes exhibited vacuolations and displayed a large number of lipid droplets of different sizes. On the other hand, the liver sections of diabetic rats treated with ACV showed minimal toxic effects due to streptozotocin. These ultrastructural results revealed that treatment of diabetic rats with ACV led to apparent recovery of the injured hepatocytes. In prophetic medicine, Prophet Muhammad peace is upon him strongly recommended eating vinegar in the Prophetic Hadeeth: "vinegar is the best edible".
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that ACV, in early stages of diabetes induction- can decrease the destructive progress of diabetes and cause hepatoprotection against the metabolic damages resulting from streptozotocin- induced diabetes mellitus.
<strong> </strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15389_8d12e04bc9d9dbc9625a827b91bff3e8.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200262120160101Role of Ginseng as Hepatoprotective, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory against Methotrexate Induced Liver Injury in Rats.1051081539010.12816/0021419ENGehan A. YoussefPhysiology Department , Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University.Journal Article20181001<strong>Background</strong> Ginseng, an ancient and famous medicinal herb in the Orient, has been used as a valuable tonic and for the treatment of various diseases including hepatic disorders. Ginseng extracts and individual ginsenosides have shown a wide array of beneficial role in the regulation of regular liver functions and the treatment of liver disorders.
<strong>Objective: </strong>This study tries to determine the hepatoprotective , antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ginseng on Methotrexate (MTX)-induced hepatotoxicity
<strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> forty rats (weigh 150-180 g) were used. The rats were kept in animal house for one week and had access to water and food . Temperature was kept at 37 °C. After one week, the rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: Group (A) (control) received normal saline ; group (B )received Ginseng(1.8 ml/kg/day) orally ; group( C) received MTX (100 μg/kg) intraperitoneally and group (D) received MTX (100 μg/kg) intraperitoneally with ginseng (1.8 ml/kg/day) orally. After six weeks, the rats were decapitated and evaluation of liver function was done.
<strong>Results:</strong> Ginseng treatment markedly suppressed the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and serum gama glutamil transpeptidase (λGTP) activiteis . Ginseng was attributed to stimulate anti-oxidant protein contents, such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX). The marked increase of proinflammatory cytokines ( TNF α ) in MTX treated rats group was additionally attenuated by ginseng,
<strong>Conclusion :</strong> Ginseng effectively prevent liver injury, mainly through down regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response.https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15390_12864e1e713251c06d0230efc0dbc062.pdfPan Arab League of Continuous Medical EducationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine1687-200262120160101Sodium Chloride Stress Induced Morphological Changes in Some Halotolerant Fungi1091261539110.12816/0021420ENMona S. S. Al TamieQassim University – College of ScienceJournal Article20181001<strong>Materials and methods:</strong> Nine fungal isolates namely <em> Emericill anidulans, Mucor racemosus</em> , <em> Alternaria pluriseptata</em> <em>Penicillium canescens, Syncephalastrum racemosum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria chlamydospora, Aspergillus parasiticus</em> and <em> Ulocladium atrum </em> were isolated from AL – SHEGA area at AL- QASSIM region. <strong>Results:</strong> The influence of different sodium chloride concentrations on the growth rate, morphological and ultrastructure were studied. Considerable differences in their growth rate and morphology were detected on medium containing different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl). Low growth rates were obseved on high NaCl concentrations . At 15 % NaCl, low growth of <em>Emericill anidulans, Penicillium canescens, Syncephalastrum racemosum, Aspergillus parasiticus</em> and <em>Mucor racemosus </em>was detected <em>,</em> whereas all fungal isolates were failed to grow at 20% NaCl. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) revealed that all fungal asexual reproduction organs were metamorphosed at higher NaCl concentration, fungal heads and sporangia were speculated or elongated. Sporangiophores and conidiophores were shortened and dwarfed ,little number of conidia or spores were detected.
<em> </em> <strong><br /></strong>https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15391_3096d9199ac42f7ffd4a2440e19564ce.pdf