ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards Otitis Media in Saudi Arabia Community
Background: otitis media (OM) and its complications resulted in high prevalence of hearing loss and increasing the rates of health care visits with special regard to the developing countries.
Aim of the work: this study aimed toevaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) toward otitis media among adult teachers in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
Patients and Methods: this isa cross sectional questionnaire based study and it was conducted among a random sample of teachers in KSA from March to June 2017. All the teachers were inter viewed in their schools during the break period and answered the questionnaire that was comprised of four objects including the socio-demographics of subjects, knowledge, attitude and practice pattern of participants toward otitis media.
Results: the overall knowledge about the risk factors, disease prevention and serous type was improper. Also, a poor level of attitude and practice pattern was found among most of the subjects. The overall KAP of the teachers was poor among 58.8%, while 41.2% showed adequate KAP about Otitis media. The good KAP showed a significant association with higher economic level, while other variables showed no association with KAP including age, gender and cigarette smoking.
Conclusion: the suboptimal knowledge about otitis media would result in poor attitude and practice pattern which increased the prevalence and complications of otitis media. The economic level was associated with OM, thus it was considered a vital factor in prevention of otitis media.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12005_0bdd9b357b8e9e83661444de582ba774.pdf
2017-10-01
2552
2556
10.12816/0042229
Knowledge
Attitude
Practice
Otitis Media (OM)
KSA
Linah Khalid
Qasim
1
Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University
AUTHOR
Yara Saleh
Bayunus
2
Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University
AUTHOR
Fatimah Ali
Alzubaidi
3
Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University
AUTHOR
Sabra Hasan
ALyami
4
Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University
AUTHOR
Naif Khalil Ibrahim
AlOsaimi
5
King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of Knowledge toward Complications of Diabetic Septic Foot among Diabetics Patients in Saudi Arabia
Background: diabetic foot ulcer is a major health problem around the world with a high morbidity and mortality rates. The good knowledge and practice pattern could decrease the diabetic foot ulcer complications.
Objectives: this study aimedto evaluate knowledge of the diabetic patients regarding the complications of diabetic foot ulcer in Saudi Arabia (KSA).
Patients and Methods: this isa cross sectional community based study conducted from March 2017 to July 2017 among 920 diabetic patients. The subjects were interviewed in the shopping malls, pharmacies and coffee shops and asked to fill out a pre-tested questionnaire about the knowledge of complications.
Results: the duration of diabetes was more than 10 years among 65% of them. About 40.9% of subjects were using oral hypoglycemic agents, 57.8% were using insulin for management of diabetes. The most common diabetic complication was retinopathy, while the most common foot ulcer complication was foot numbness and stiffness. The level of knowledge was good among most of subjects (77%), while 23% had insufficient knowledge regarding the diabetic foot ulcer. The good awareness was significantly associated with higher educational levels.
Conclusion: the level of awareness about complications of diabetic foot was sufficient among most of Saudi subjects. But, there was an urgent need for raising the awareness and identifying the risk factors, educating the patients through increasing the patients and doctors relationship. The knowledge alone was not sufficient for assessing the practice pattern thus major studies must be conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice pattern among Saudi subjects.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12006_16e6672118155c1022650e7a039e8aa8.pdf
2017-10-01
2557
2561
10.12816/0042230
Knowledge
Diabetes mellitus
diabetic foot care
Rashed Fahad
Alhabshan
1
Mohammad Bin Saud Islamic University
AUTHOR
Meshari Sulaiman Bin
Huwaymil
2
Mohammad Bin Saud Islamic University
AUTHOR
Omar Ahmed
Alsaqabi
3
Mohammad Bin Saud Islamic University
AUTHOR
Abdulrahman Nasser
Alzaid
4
Mohammad Bin Saud Islamic University
AUTHOR
Abdulhakeem Ibraheem
Almasoud
5
Jeddah University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Toxicity of Sodium Fluoride in Liver of Albino Rat and the Beneficial Effect of Calcium in Reversing Fluoride Toxicity: Histological,Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Studies
Background: fluoride (F) is an essential element for human being from health point of view. Its intake in high doses caused toxic effects on various organs. The liver is a target organ for Ftoxicity. Using natural supplements is a modern approach in treatment. Aim of the Study: this study aimedto investigate the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) onliver tissue in adult male albino rats and also to determine whether calcium(Ca) co-treatment has an ameliorative role in reversing F toxicity or not. Material and Methods: eighteen adult albino male rats were categorized into three groups (each of six animals): Group I (Control): were given distilled water and fedbalanced diet, Group II (NaF treated): were given NaF at a dose of 30 mg /kg/day and Group III (NaF and Ca treated): were received NaF (similar previous dose) and 20 mg /kg/day calcium chloride (Cacl). After six weeks, under anesthesia, the livers were rapidly delivered, dissected out carefully, prepared and examined by light and electron microscopy, biochemical, immunohistochemical, morphometeric studies. Results: the results showed that F induced severe histopathological changes in the liver tissue, significantly increased apoptosis and hepatic marker enzymes as compared to the control group. The histopathological changes induced by NaF included hepatocytic vacuolization, pyknosis and necrosis, vascular dilatation and congestion, Kupffer cell proliferation and periportal inflammatory cell infiltration. The ultra structural changes of hepatocytes included nuclear disorganization (Being heterochromatic, pyknotic nuclei or disintegrated chromatin), vague mitochondria ridges , fragmentation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, dispersed ribosomes, disruption of hepatocytes microvilli, ill defined space of Disse , Kupffer cell activation and bile canalicular dilatation. Co-treatment withCa failed to improve liver tissue damages induced by NaF treatment. Conclusion: results of this study suggested that NaF treatment caused severe damages to liver tissue. Ca co- administration failed to reset NaF induced hepatotoxicity.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12008_790b12823f68d25e640c08678b0416d1.pdf
2017-10-01
2562
2582
10.12816/0042231
fluoride
Liver
calcium
apoptosis
Caspase-3
Amal Seliman
Sewelam
ali121212121213@yahoo.com
1
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Compliance with Antihypertensive Medication in Family Practice
Background: Noncompliance to treatment in chronic diseases such as hypertension is a very common phenomenon, owing to its chronic nature, lack of obvious symptoms, affordability, doctor-patient relationship, unawareness of complication, and forgetfulness. This noncompliance negatively affects disease course and increases risk of morbidity and mortality. Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1999, through March 2017. The following search terms were used: drug compliance, hypertension medication compliance, antihypertensive drug compliance, factors affecting compliance, medication compliance. Aim: Our aim in carrying out this study was to understand the status of medication compliance among hypertensive patients, studying the factors that affect it, and exploring ways to improve compliance.Conclusion: We have noticed in the review that there is direct correlation between noncompliance and lack of proper doctor-patient relationship, patient education, and patients’ belief about disease and treatment. Improvement on such factor can benefit the patients in great amount regarding blood pressure control and in preventing morbidity and mortality. More studies to analyze the lack of compliance must take place in Saudi Arabia, and stricter guidelines of doctor-patient- relationship must be reinforced.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12010_4b50d3cdd974b724b197e645b54598e5.pdf
2017-10-01
2583
2588
10.12816/0042232
hypertension medication compliance
antihypertensive drug compliance
factors affecting compliance
medication compliance
Yazeed Ahmed
Asiri
yazasiri@gmail.com
1
Rijal Almaa PHC
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saeed Abdulrahim
Alamoodi
2
King Abdulaziz University
AUTHOR
Rayan Abdulbasit
Marzuqi
3
King Abdulaziz University
AUTHOR
Albatool Adel
Alwesaibi
4
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
AUTHOR
Mohammed Sheker
Al-Kalif
5
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
AUTHOR
Mohammed Salman
Almutairi
6
Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud University
AUTHOR
Abdullah Abdulqader
Azouz
7
King Abdulaziz University
AUTHOR
Mohammad Abdulhakim
Almatar
8
King Saud Medical City
AUTHOR
Munirah Maneef
Alshammari
9
King Fahad Medical Military Hospital
AUTHOR
Sukaynah Adnan S
Alsaigh
10
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
AUTHOR
Dareen Hussain
Alhendi
11
Taibah University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Pathogenesis, Treatment and Impact on Quality of Life in Psoriasis
Background: psoriasis is a papulo-squamous disease with different morphology, severity, distribution and course of disease. The aim of the treatment was to reduce disease activity to a level that permits an acceptable quality of life with negligible toxicity from the treatment itself. About 25% of patients experience major psychological distress due to the disease. Its long duration along with comorbidities have a negative impact on quality of life. Aim of the work: we tried to understand the types, pathogenesis and management of psoriasis, and also try to understand its effect on the quality of life. Methodology: we conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE from January 1994 to March 2017. The following search terms were used: psoriasis, psoriasis classification, psoriasis management, quality of life in psoriasis patients. Aim of the work: we tried to understand the types, pathogenesis, and management of psoriasis, and also try to understand its effect on the quality of life. Conclusion: due to the chronic course, and its noticeable visibility on skin, many patients suffer from major social and psychological ill effects. In majority of the time the health care providers fail to recognize or treat such comorbidities. Healthcare providers must be educated to offer ways to tackle such issues in the management plan for better results
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12011_188ed6f426560fa0cbd8468a6833dd80.pdf
2017-10-01
2589
2595
10.12816/0042233
Psoriasis
pathogenesis of psoriasis
management of psoriasis
impact on quality of life in psoriatic patients
Lujain Hamza
Arafsha
lujain.arafsha@hotmail.com
1
Umm Alqura University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alhassan Abdulhameed
Alyami
2
Royal College Of Surgeons In Ireland
AUTHOR
Dina Anwar
Aljaber
3
Northern Border University
AUTHOR
Ruba Abdulqader
Alrehaili
4
Taiba University
AUTHOR
Reem Farhan
Alanazi
5
Northern Border University,
AUTHOR
Hawraa Ali
Alaliwi
6
King Saud University-Riyadh
AUTHOR
Jenan Abdulfatah
Alfehaid
7
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
AUTHOR
Ibtihal Abdulrahman
Malawi
8
Umm Al-Qura University
AUTHOR
Abdulaziz Khalid
Maddah
9
Ibn Sina National College
AUTHOR
Ashwaq Y.
Asiri
10
King Khalid University
AUTHOR
Bayan sultan
Al jobran
11
King Khalid University
AUTHOR
Ibrahim Mahmoud
Alhaj
12
Batterjee Medical College
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison between Placental Site Injection of Vasopressin and Bilateral Internal Iliac Artery Ligation to Reduce Blood Loss during Cesarean Section for Placenta Praevia, A Randomized Controlled Trial
Background: placenta praevia is an obstetric complication in which the placenta is inserted partially or completely in the lower uterine segment, A significant proportion of these cases is associated with life threatening hemorrhage during delivery, often by caesarean section in the vast majority of cases, many procedures introduced to overcome this problems, none of them is completely successful.
Aim of the work: this study aimed to compare between local vasopressin injection in the placental bed and bilateral internal iliac artery ligation on the blood loss during caesarean section for placenta praevia.
Patients and Methods: this a randomized-controlled prospective trial included 60 pregnant women with a diagnosis of placenta praevia, they were categorized into 3 equal groups according to methods to control blood loss during cesarean section for placenta praevia. Group 1 included 20 pregnant women who underwent vasopressin injection at placental site. Group 2 included 20 pregnant women who underwent bilateral internal iliac artery ligation. Group 3 included 20 pregnant women who underwent caesarean section without internal iliac artery ligation or local injection of vasopressin (The control group), comparison between groups were done and statistically analyzed.
Results: there were statistical significant differences between the intervention and the control groups as regard estimated blood loss, Pvalue was <0.001; group 3(Control) had more amounts of blood loss,there were no statistical significant differences between group 1 and group 2 as regard estimated blood loss, P value was > 0.05 . Comparison between group1 and group 2 showed that internal iliac artery ligation was significantly associated with prolonged operative time than vasopressin injection(Pvalue was <0.001). Conclusion and Recommendation: local injection of vasopressin at placental site seemed to be a promising modality for reducing blood loss during cesarean delivery for placenta praevia and was associated with similar reduction of blood loss and less operative time when compared with internal iliac artery ligation, may be done first before trying internal iliac artery ligation and needs no experience.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12013_bf8b4a811931f7972d73eb7e9b718ff2.pdf
2017-10-01
2596
2600
10.12816/0042234
Vasopressin
Bilateral Internal Iliac Artery Ligation
CesareanSection
Placenta Praevia
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Single Large Dose of Tranexamic Acid before Vaginal Delivery: Is It Beneficial?
Background: many factors are attributed in the management of postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery
Objective: to assess the efficacy and safety of a single large dose of intravenous tranexamic acid in reducing postpartum blood loss after vaginal delivery.
Subjects and Methods: this is a multicentric prospective randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. 240 pregnant women were randomized to receive either 60 mg/kg of TA (n=120) or placebo (n=120) intravenously in the second stage of labour. Postpartum blood loss was collected and measured accurately from placental delivery to 2 hours postpartum and adverse effects of were observed.
Results: the mean estimated postpartum blood loss was significantly lower in women treated with tranexamic acid compared to women in the placebo group (241.5 ± 82.7 versus 322.8 ± 127.4, respectively; p < 0.001), and the proportion of women in the tranexamic acid group who had an estimated blood loss ≥ 500 mL was significantly lower than in the placebo group ( 5 [4.2%] versus 18 [15%], relative risk [RR]=0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.11 to 0.78; P<0.05). Maternal and neonatal outcomes did not differ significantly between both groups.
Conclusion: A single large dose of tranexamic acid administrated intravenously before vaginal delivery significantly reduces the amount of postpartum blood loss and contributes to prevention of PPH. Adverse effects were only mild and transient. Thus, tranexamic acid can be used safely and effectively to reduce bleeding after vaginal delivery.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12015_4f7760a7c5da3896286676760305cda6.pdf
2017-10-01
2601
2606
10.12816/0042235
Tranexamic acid
Postpartum Hemorrhage
vaginal delivery
Ahmed
Abd Elhamid
1
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine,Al-Azhar University, Asuit , Egypt
AUTHOR
Ashraf
Hamdy
2
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine,Al-Azhar University, Asuit , Egypt
AUTHOR
Sileem Ahmed
Sileem
3
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine,Al-Azhar University, Asuit , Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Epidemiology of Sports-Related Injuries among Athletes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Practicing sports regularly has a known positive impact on the well-being of individuals; however, it exposes individuals to sports-related injuries. To date, scarce epidemiological studies are available about the prevalence of sports-related injuries in Saudi Arabia. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sports injuries among basketball and soccer players in Jeddah, and to compare the number and the severity of sports-related injuries between different types of sports. Patients and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted on 1054 participants aged between 10 and 60 years with sports-related injuries. Data were collected via personal interview or online surveys and analyzed using SPSS. Results: Males constituted 79.9% of participants. The median age of the sample was 24.8±7.8. 50% of injuries were related to soccer, 34% to basketball, and only 2% to swimming. Recreational practice constituted 78.9% of injuries, whereas 12.9% were professional and 8.5% were collegiate practitioners. About 38% were injured three–four times. Practicing for 2–4 hours weekly had the highest risk of injury, 62%, while the lowest rate was among practitioners for 11–14 hours weekly. 49% got injured outdoors. Ankle, knee, and hands and fingers injuries constituted 40%, 46%, and 27%, respectively. Twisting was the mechanism of injury in 56%. Over 50% needed rest for 1–4 weeks only. Conclusions: Soccer was the most common sport associated with injury. Recreational practice, few weekly hours, and outdoor practice had the highest risks. Twisting, ankle sprains, and ligamentous injuries were the most prevalent.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12016_db0bab4ad825ff7d4fb57b439976e7f1.pdf
2017-10-01
2607
2613
10.12816/0042236
Sports Injury
prevalence
severity
Mohammad Sameer
A. Shobian
dr.shobain@gmail.com
1
Department of Orthopedic, King Abdulaziz University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amre
Hamdi
2
Department of Orthopedic, King Abdulaziz University
AUTHOR
Wael Hassan
S. Bakhamees
3
Department of Orthopedic, King Abdulaziz University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension in Overweight and Obese People in Riyadh City, KSA 2017
Background: overweight and obesity are well known risk factors for high morbidity and mortality rates and are associated with chronic diseases including hypertension and diabetes.
Objectives: evaluating the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus type II (DMT2) in overweight and obese adult Saudi population. Methods: a cross sectional community based study was undertaken among 549 of overweight and obese Saudi subjects in Riyadh region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).All enrolled volunteers were subjected to the following clinical history taking, calculating BMI, diagnosis of HTN and measurement blood pressure.
Results: the age of the subjects was 20-35 years old in 23.9%, 48.2% were 36-50 years old and 27.9% were older than 50 years old. About 55%of respondents were females and 45% were males. 60.8% of subjects were overweight and 39.2% were obese. The HTN and DM prevalence were found to be significantly higher among obese subjects than overweight group.
Conclusion: the results indicated that obese subjects were at increased risk of hypertension and diabetes. Also, obese females were more susceptible to DM and HTN than men.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12017_1454ac50d7175819dad8ea9c9ee98007.pdf
2017-10-01
2614
2617
10.12816/0042237
Hypertension
Diabetes mellitus
Obesity
overweight
Riyadh
Hind Fahad
Alqubali
1
Tabuk University
AUTHOR
Khalid Awd
Albalawi
k7.a@outlook.com
2
Tabuk University
AUTHOR
Abdulmajeed Eidhah
Alswat
3
Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University
AUTHOR
Abdulaziz Abdullah
Aljebreen
4
Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University
AUTHOR
Khalid Essa
Alotaib
5
Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University
AUTHOR
Haneen Saad
Aljehani
6
King Abdulaziz University
AUTHOR
Reyouf Abdulsalam
Almughamsi
7
King Abdulaziz University
AUTHOR
Alaa Mohammad
Hussain
8
Umm Al-Qura University
AUTHOR
Hamidah Fawzi
Albiek
9
pavol Jozef Safarik University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Breastfeeding Practice in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia
Background: Human milk meets all the nutritional requirements of infants for the first 6 months of life, and it is associated with a lower incidence of diarrhea than partial or artificial feeding. The infant should be exclusively breastfed for at least 4 months of life and if possible for 6 months, as recommended by WHO and UNICEF.
Aim of the Study: was to assess the breastfeeding practice for children under 24 months in Arar city, as well as its relation to some sociodemographic and nutrition related variables.
Participants and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Arar city, mothers were selected from the attendees of 6 randomly selected primary health care centers in the city. They were interviewed and filled in a questionnaire that included the key questions.
Results: 11.8% of infants received exclusive breastfeeding, 39.7% received a mix of both breast and artificial feeding while 48.5% depended only on artificial feeding. More than 50% of the studied infants were males, 70% of the mothers weren't working. No significant relationship between type of child feeding and child age, sex, mother education, mother's working status, father's work or mother age group (P >0.05). About 2 thirds of children who had mixed feeding suffered from repeated gastroenteritis, delayed teething, standing and walking.
Conclusion: In accordance with the obvious deficiency of exclusive breastfeeding in Arar city which is located in Northern Saudi Arabia, we highly recommend that programs promoting exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of age must be conducted to increase mothers’ awareness of the exclusive breastfeeding duration is recommended.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12020_85c1f8a7bfa67698a8742f251cd770c3.pdf
2017-10-01
2618
2618
10.12816/0042238
breastfeeding
artificial feeding
Exclusive breastfeeding
Breastfeeding Practice
Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia
Murtadha Mohammed A
BinAbd
mbinabd2@gmail.com
1
Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mishael Maki A
AlDawood
2
Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam
AUTHOR
Khulud Awad S
Altarfawi
3
Primary Health Care Center, Arar
AUTHOR
Zahra Mohamed A
Al Muwais
4
Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam
AUTHOR
Aqeela Mowsa J
Al-Redwan
5
Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam
AUTHOR
Eiman Saeed I
Alajyan
6
Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam
AUTHOR
Fatimah Falah M
Aldajani
7
Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam
AUTHOR
Mohammed Riyadh A
AlAbbad
8
Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam
AUTHOR
Hassan Ali Y Al
Dehneen
9
Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam
AUTHOR
Nedal Mohammed
AlHababi
10
Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam
AUTHOR
Aqeel Ghassan A
AlHashem
11
Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam
AUTHOR
Ali Mohammed H
AlHijab
12
Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam
AUTHOR
Hussain Abdulsamad
Aljeshi
13
Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam
AUTHOR
Abdullah Ahmed
AlSaileek
14
Alfaisal University, Riyadh, KSA
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome and Vit D Correlation with Fertility: Review Article
Over the past few decades, vitamin D was proposed to be highly influential on female fertility and reproductive health. Its role was extensively studied and evaluated specifically in females with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Objectives: the aim of this research was to study the correlation between vitamin D and fertility in general, and in polycystic ovarian syndrome-associated infertility in particular. Methods: we searched Cochrane Library and PubMed for articles addressing the impact and role of vitamin D in fertility issues in females with polycystic ovary disease. Specifically-related topics were carefully reviewed and analyzed to summarize their conclusive results. Results and Discussion: Vitamin D was lower in females with PCOS and vitamin D administration had increased its level, improved metabolic disturbance and shortened inter-menstrual intervals in those patients. Patients with high vitamin D levels had a better success rate of in-vitro fertilization. However, it did not affect the time to pregnancy in PCOS women. Conclusion: Vitamin D is beneficial for improving metabolic as well as reproductive functions in women with PCOS. It is also essential for successful in-vitro fertilization, and it is probably protective against endometriosis. However, results from different studies are contradictory, and still there is no solid evidence that there is a cause-effect relationship between vitamin D and fertility.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12023_4dc712cc4aabf0a8c1e1cdd973bfc1f0.pdf
2017-10-01
2627
2631
10.12816/0042239
polycystic ovary
PCO
Vitamin D
fertility
Marah Mohammed
Alzaidi
dr.mara7-alzaidi@hotmail.com
1
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taif University, Taif
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hassan Hamza A
Almir
2
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal university, Dammam
AUTHOR
Afraa Qasim Ibrahim
Khormi
3
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jazan University, Jazan
AUTHOR
Yassmeen Mohammed
Alltaleb
4
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alfaisal University, Riyadh
AUTHOR
Zahra Mohamed A
Al Muwais
5
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal university, Dammam
AUTHOR
Rehab Abdul Rahman
Alsaleh
6
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ibn Sina National College, Jeddah
AUTHOR
Nora Faisal
Alsaud
7
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alfaisal University
AUTHOR
Lama Mohammed
Alomar
8
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Almaarefa College for Science and Technology, Riyadh
AUTHOR
Reema Adnan
Shabkah
9
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah
AUTHOR
Abdulrahman Hassan
Khormi
10
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,king Fahd Central Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
Reyhana
Safi
11
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Ibn Sina National College, Jeddah
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Postoperative Complications between Open and Lab cholecystectomy among Al-Madinah citizens,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2017
Background: Gallstone disease is common, and it is asymptomatic, patients may need an operative. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy becomes the choice for symptomatic gallstone disease intervention; open surgery was replaced by Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the cholecystolithiasis treatment, open surgery has different complications. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has several advantages over open surgery, but it has several complications also.
Aim: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of postoperative complications of open and lab cholecystectomy in AL-Madinahcitizen.
Method: This retrospective cross-section study included 205 patients from king Fahad hospital in Al-Madinah AL-Munwwarah. A questionnaire was conducted on the participant by interview to investigate different variables.
Results: The percent of a female was 73.7%, and percent of a male was 26.3%, the bleeding complication represented 19.5%, infection was 3.9%, biliary leakage was 3.9%, and wound infection was 1.5%. The mean duration of recovery was 3.56 days while the mean duration for returning back to work was 12.37 days. Lap operation had less duration for recovery than an open operation.
Conclusion: Bleeding was the most common complication among patients, lap group patients experienced complications less than the open group. Male gender, age, obesity, the emergency of operation, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, thyroid and heart disease were not risked factors for complications.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12024_408a05ef4f78cd701614f750c831e52f.pdf
2017-10-01
2632
2639
10.12816/0042240
LC
open surgery
Gallbladder operations
Mohammed
Rashwan
1
College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medinah
AUTHOR
Sara
Mahrous
2
College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medinah
AUTHOR
Akram
Alandijani
3
College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medinah
AUTHOR
Hussam
Atallah
4
College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medinah
AUTHOR
Ghassan
Alsisi
5
King Fahd hospital, Medinah, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Schizophrenia: Etiology, Pathophysiology and Management - A Review
Introduction: Diagnosis of schizophrenia is largely a clinical assessment of a group of signs and symptoms. There are various factors that can be a cause or a risk factor for creating this disorder; some preventable and some non-preventable. The treatment options are diverse and are continuously being studied in order to enhance results and minimize adverse effect of various forms of therapy. Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1987, through March 2017. The following search terms were used: schizophrenia, etiology of schizophrenia, pathophysiology, clinical features, and treatment of schizophrenia Aim: Our aim in this study was to understand the etiology, pathophysiology, and study various lines and advancement in management of schizophrenia. Conclusion: In the recent years, many treatment options are emerging where newer drugs and their combination with or without non-pharmacological therapy have shown promising results. More studies must be done to implement advanced regimens for treatment of schizophrenia.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12025_34e1750a2bc54653c6e362883d940504.pdf
2017-10-01
2640
2646
10.12816/0042241
Schizophrenia
genetic cause of schizophrenia
pharmacologic management of schizophrenia
Bayan Zaid
Fatani
bayan.z.f@gmail.com
1
Um AlQura University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Razanabdullah
Aldawod
2
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Fasial University
AUTHOR
Abdulwahab
Alhawaj
3
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Fasial University
AUTHOR
Sajedaali
Alsadah
4
Alamal Complex for Mental Health
AUTHOR
Fatimah Radi
Slais
5
Alamal Complex for Mental Health
AUTHOR
Eman Nasser
Alyaseen
6
Alamal Complex for Mental Health
AUTHOR
Abdulaziz Sami
Ghamri
7
Um AlQura University
AUTHOR
Jumanaahmad
Banjar
8
Um AlQura University
AUTHOR
Yahya Alhussain
Qassaim
9
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effectiveness of Gamma Knife Surgery in the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Systematic Review
Introduction: Gamma knife surgery is one of the stereotactic surgery which recently used in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia due to its minimally invasive nature. The short-term effectiveness of gamma knife surgery in a reduction of pain episodes among patients with trigeminal neuralgia are reported by several studies. However, few studies elaborated the long-term effectiveness of gamma knife surgery.
Objective: This review aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of gamma knife surgery by reviewing of pain relief rates and recurrence rates reported by the included studies.
Methods: The electronic search was conducted in Medline, EmBase and Science direct databases using the key words of (Gamma knife surgery AND trigeminal neuralgia). The search of the literature, after exclusion of irrelevant, duplicated and review studies revealed 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. The data extraction conducted using data extraction sheet regarding characteristics such as duration of symptoms, number of trigeminal divisions involved, lack of sensation or surgery before surgery, anatomical results in the operation, the rate of pain relief and pain recurrence rate.
Results: The history of surgery and medications before gamma knife radio surgery was assessed by included studies. It was found that only one study used gamma knife surgery as their first treatment of choice with no prior surgery. The pain relief rate ranged from 73.8% to 96% while pain recurrence rate, which reported in four included studies ranged from 2% to 26.3%.
Conclusions: The gamma knife surgery was not the first surgical choice of treatment in most of the studies. The reported pain relief rates associated with this new technique were generally high while pain recurrence rates were low. As the worst reported scenario found about a quarter of patients complained of pain recurrence following gamma knife surgery.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12027_4acad2e1bf1ccff87dfca3a6c3a0c926.pdf
2017-10-01
2647
2651
10.12816/0042242
Gamma knife
trigeminal neuralgia
Neurosurgery
pain management
Ali Mansour Taher
Sumayli
1
Faculty of Medicine, Jazan Universit
AUTHOR
Saad Khalid Saleh
Boqursain
2
Faculty of Medicine, King Faisal University
AUTHOR
Ahmed Abdalmuhssen
Alnuwaiser
3
Faculty of Medicine, King Faisal University
AUTHOR
Abdulrahman Abdullah Ali
Sari
4
Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University
AUTHOR
Rahaf Abdalaziz Odah Albaqawi
Albaqawi
5
Faculty of Medicine, Hail University
AUTHOR
Khalid Mohammed Yahya
Mania
6
Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University
AUTHOR
Albaraa Abdullah Mohammed
Najmi
7
Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University
AUTHOR
Ahmed Ali Ahmed
Jaafari
8
Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University
AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali Mousa
Daghriri
9
Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Association between Dementia and Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Background: The association between diabetes mellitus and dementia is not well-established such that found between diabetes mellitus and vascular diseases. This article aimed at reviewing the longitudinal prospective studies which evaluated the association between diabetes mellitus and incidence of dementia among different age groups of patients.
Methods: An electronic search was performed by Google Scholar, PubMed, and Sciencedirect to identify all relevant articles. The number of eligible articles based on titles and abstracts were 21 eligible articles. After that, the irrelevant, duplicated and other reviews studies were excluded based on, which resulted in the exclusion of 13 irrelevant articles. Finally, 7 articles were included in this review. The data collected about mean age of the population, type and duration of diabetes, the strength of association and the statistical significance.
Results: The strength of association between dementia and diabetes mellitus varied in the included studies, the reported ratios varied from a relative risk of 1.2 to a 4.77. Regarding the statistical significance of these associations, all the studied articles revealed significant associations with P values less than 0.05.
Conclusion: This review supported the evidence of the association between diabetes mellitus and occurrence of dementia depending on the findings of the recent epidemiological studies.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12028_fe01781ba7f2ecb539c408ec5ec012b1.pdf
2017-10-01
2652
2657
10.12816/0042243
Dementia
Diabetes mellitus
Alzheimer
cognitive
Mohammad Ali Mousa
Daghriri
1
Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University
AUTHOR
Hanan Mothaqab
Mashi
2
Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University
AUTHOR
Yasser Mossa
Daghriri
3
Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University
AUTHOR
Maryam Ismail
Jaran
4
Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University
AUTHOR
Ali Mohammed Naser
Alhazmi
5
Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University
AUTHOR
Ahmad Ali
Mohajer
6
Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University
AUTHOR
Jnadi Mohammed Jaber
Madkhali
7
Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University
AUTHOR
Ali Mansour Taher
Sumayli
8
Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University
AUTHOR
Wejdan Ali Merzzen
Mobasher
9
Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Use of Social Media and Other Electronic Media in Health Education and Health Promotion (Pilot Study
Background: social media is becoming progressively used for improving health literacy and health promotion.
Objectives: this study aimed to find out the magnitude of use of social media among people of Saudi Arabia and how far they were used to send health education messages.
Methods: this study was a cross sectional study was conducted on convenient sample of participants using survey monkey software. The collected surveys over one month were entered into PC computer using SPSS software. Results: it was found that the majority of participants used one sort of social media or another. Also it was found that Instagram, WhatsApp and SMS were the most preferred media. There were age and gender differences. More than 50% of the participants received health promotion messages and they thought that it was a good idea.
Methods: A Cross sectional study was conducted on convenient sample of participants using survey monkey software. The collected surveys over one month were entered into pc computer using SPSS software. Results: it was found that the majority of participants uses one sort of social media or another. Also it was found that Instagram, WhatsApp and SMS were the most preferred media. There were age and gender differences. More than 50% of the participants received health promotion messages and they thought it was a good idea.
Conclusion: it’s a good opportunity to use these preferred social media to send health education messages to the target population.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12029_371ab8a0686694d8746b251f501d8146.pdf
2017-10-01
2658
2662
10.12816/0042244
Electronic Media
social media
health education
Abdullah S
Alshammari
1
College of Medicine, AlMaarefa College, College of Medicine Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University
AUTHOR
Hotoon S
Alshammari
2
College of Medicine, AlMaarefa College, College of Medicine Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Glasgow Coma Scale in Anticipation of Sepsis and Septic Shock: Review Article
Evaluation of level of consciousness has become essential for anticipation of sepsis and septic shock. Both the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and the quick SOFA score utilize the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) for screening of sepsis. Objectives: the aim of this review is to determine and study the role of Glasgow coma score in anticipation of sepsis and septic shock. Methods: To achieve this aim, we have searched online database, namely PubMed and Cochrane Library for studies and review articles assessing the significance of assessment of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) for anticipating sepsis or septic shock. Thirteen appropriately-related studies were selected for review. Results: Disturbed sensorium was found to be a sensitive early indicator for sepsis, thus GCS is used for assessment of both the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and quick SOFA scores qSOFA scores. Lower GCS scores were associated with high mortality rates. Discussion: Encephalopathy is an early sign of sepsis and septic shock. Glasgow Coma score (GCS) was a good indicator of neurological dysfunction evaluated by the SOFA and qSOFA scores. The use of GCS was also a predictor of mortality in patients with sepsis. Some researchers, however, reported that GCS was not the best tool for measuring brain dysfunction in sepsis. Conclusions: Glasgow coma score can anticipate sepsis and septic shock, and predict the outcome of sepsis.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12031_4e57ac972629164625993c2c049d57c6.pdf
2017-10-01
2663
2666
10.12816/0042245
Glasgow Coma score
Sepsis
Septic shock
Mohammed Saeed M
Alalawi
mohd.s.alawi@gmail.com
1
Department of Emergency Medicine,Anak General Hospital, Anak, Saudi Arabia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hussain Abdullah M
Aljabran
2
Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
Abdullah Mohammed
Alkhamri
3
Department of Emergency Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
Abdulrahman Mohammed
Alwahbi
4
Department of Emergency Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
Zahra Ibrahim
AlQarrash
5
Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
Hussain Abdulillah M
Iraqi
6
Department of Emergency Medicine, Jeddah University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
Mohammed Saleh M
Alonazi
7
Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University
AUTHOR
Abdulaziz Raja Najim
Alotaibi
8
Department of Emergency Medicine,Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
Majed Ali Mohammed
Alahmari
9
Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University
AUTHOR
Ahmed Abdalmuhssen A
Alnuwaiser
10
Department of Emergency Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia,
AUTHOR
Feras Khalid A.
Mimarji
11
Department of Emergency Medicine, Jeddah University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
Abdullah Atallah
Al-Enezi
12
Department of Emergency Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
Naif Ahmed A
Alabbad
13
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland,
AUTHOR
Alaa Hassan
Alhayki
14
Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam
AUTHOR
Mashail Hashim H
Farran
15
Department of Emergency Medicine, Ibn Sina National College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Choroidal Thickness in Diabetic Macular Edema Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Enhanced Depth Imaging Mode
Purpose: to evaluate the choroidal thickness (CH-T) and the central macular thickness (CMT) in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) and to detect if CH-T varies according to the type of DME.
Patients and methods: One hundred forty two eyes of 96 patients were enrolled in the study. Eyes of diabetic patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) with/without DME were evaluated. Eyes of normal subjects with no ocular or systemic diseases were included as a control group. The CMT and the underlying choroidal thickness were estimated using enhanced depth imaging mode of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI SD-OCT). CH-T thickness was measured at the subfoveal area and at an interval of 500 μm up to 1500 μm from the center of the fovea (nasal, temporal, superior and inferior). In eyes with DME, the type of DME was detected.
Results: DME included cystoid DME (19 eyes), diffuse DME (27 eyes), and DME with serous retinal detachment (SRD) (23 eyes). 33 eyes with NPDR without DME and 40 non diabetic normal eyes were examined. Estimation of the choroidal thickness was performed and the subfoveal CH-T was thickest in the control group and significantly decreased in the diabetic groups especially with DME. The sub-foveal CH-T was 326±25.75 μm in the control group, 256.27±30.5 μm in NPDR without DME group, 210±23.96 μm in Cystoid DME group, 215.5±27.0 μm Diffuse DME group and 195.2±23.9 μm in DME with SRD group. The CMT was 238.75 ± 14.7 μm, 260.85 ± 24 μm, 530± 120.5 μm, 420.8± 101.6 μm and 506.60± 131.87 μm in the control group, NPDR without DME group, Cystoid DME, Diffuse DME and DME with SRD groups respectively. There was a statistically insignificant negative correlation between the subfoveal choroidal thickness and the CMT.
Conclusion; there is an overall decrease in the CH-T in patients with NPDR and this thinning become more pronounced with the presence of diabetic macular edema.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12050_a48ed53ee1c83cb3c817bdf556676e72.pdf
2017-10-01
2667
2674
10.12816/0042246
Diabetic Macular Edema
choroidal thickness
enhanced depth imaging
spectral-domain optical coherence tomography
Mona Mohamad
Aly
1
Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of Knowledge Attitude and Practice of Epistaxis in Saudi Population
Background: epistaxis is acute hemorrhage from the nasopharynx or the nose. Epistaxis is a common otorhinolaryngology, andit ranges from mild to a severe, life-threatening rhinological emergency. First aid is performed to reduce mortality and morbidity of the emergency case until obtaining medical support.
The aim of the work: this study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of first aid measures in Saudi population regarding epistaxis.
Patients and Methods: The present study included 1114 Saudi participants using a semi-modified questionnaire. The data was collected using excel sheet and analysis of data was performed by using SPSS.
Results: There were 751 (67.4%) of participants knew about epistaxis management, while 363 (32.6%) didn’t know. The mean score ± SD of KAP was 8.25±1.9, the correlation between KAP with gender (P value=0.001), marital status (P value=0.02) and education (P value=0.004) was significant.
Conclusion: knowledge of participants about epistaxis management was moderate, sex, marital status and education significantly affected KAP score.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12051_0723426b666127fd38af710df074620e.pdf
2017-10-01
2675
2679
10.12816/0042247
epistaxis
epistaxis first aids
KAP of epistaxis
Khaled Saleh
Almulhim
1
King Faisal University
AUTHOR
Ibrahim
Abdulhakim
2
King Faisal University
AUTHOR
Al Sheikh
Mubarak
3
King Faisal University
AUTHOR
Marwan Abdul Rahman Al-Shaikh
Hussain
4
King Faisal University
AUTHOR
Mohammed Sami
Alhaddad
5
King Faisal University
AUTHOR
Nasser Khalid
Alotaibi
6
King Faisal University
AUTHOR
Khalid A.
Alyahya
7
King Faisal University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Review of Knowledge, Attitude and Prevalence of Flu Vaccination and Its Effect among Elderly
Elderly individuals are very vulnerable to influenza infection, and more prone to influenza-related morbidity and mortality. However, the prevalence of elderly persons receiving influenza vaccine remains low. Many factors have been proposed as the cause beyond this low prevalence, with knowledge and misconceptions about the vaccine on the top of the list. Objectives: the aim of this review is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and prevalence of flu vaccine and its effect among elderly. Methods: To achieve this aim, online database search was conducted to review articles stating knowledge, attitude, and incidence of flu vaccine and its effects among elderly. PubMed was searched for appropriately-related studies that address the studied parameters. PubMed search yielded 19 results, we quickly inspected the abstracts of these results to select those with most relevant data. Of 19 articles, 8 were chosen for review. Results: The prevalence of influenza vaccine ranged from 58% to 73%. Inadequate or lack of knowledge about the vaccine were common in over half of the elderly patients not receiving vaccine. The vast majority (>90%) of those received the vaccine did so after a clear recommendation by their physicians. Discussion: Inadequate knowledge and false beliefs about the influenza vaccines were the main cause of low vaccination rate among elderly. Physicians advice and health education were the most potent influencer on raising the prevalence of elderly immunization.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12079_bcc425244579c1dada66fef0e7463995.pdf
2017-10-01
2680
2684
10.12816/0042248
Flu vaccine
Elderly
prevalence
Knowledge
Attitude
Effect
Sarah Musaed
Alluheibi
sara.alluheibi@gmail.com
1
Primary Health Care, Mecca
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmad Hameed
Allehaiby
2
Primary Health Care, Jeddah
AUTHOR
Thekra Ali
Aseeri
3
Umm al-Qura University, Mecca
AUTHOR
Abdullah Saeed A
Alqahtani
4
Ministry of Interior, Riyadh
AUTHOR
Jawaher Awaad
Althumali
5
Taif University, Taif
AUTHOR
Omamah Abdu
Abudaia
6
Asir Hospital, Abha
AUTHOR
Rawabi Samah
Alanezi
7
Hail University, Hail, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
Amor Abdullah
Al Mehdar
8
4 Ministry of Interior, Riyadh
AUTHOR
Fatimah Hussain
Abu Qurain
9
Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
AUTHOR
Basem Abdullah
Alghamdi
10
Najran University Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
Faisal Ahmad A
Alokasi
11
Ministry of Interior, Riyadh
AUTHOR
Saeed Ali S
Aldamkh
12
Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
AUTHOR
Duaa Khalid M
Alalawi
13
Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
AUTHOR
Abdulrahman Mohammed
Aleidan
14
King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
Moatasem Mohammed
Modhish
15
Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude and Practice of Parents towards Epilepsy among Children in Jeddah City
Background: one of the most common neurological disorders among pediatrics is epilepsy. The lack of knowledge about epilepsy would influence the life of affected children.
Objectives: considering the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding epilepsy among children in Jeddah City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
Methods: this wasa cross sectional community survey design that was conducted from June to August 2017 on 930 adult Saudi parents. A pre-tested questionnaire was distributed among Saudi parents. The questionnaire included the demographics of included subjects and the source of their information, the knowledge, attitude and practice pattern. Results: all of the parents were heard before about epilepsy, but most of them had poor knowledge regarding the cause of the disease, the nature of epilepsy as neurological, but not mental disease and the surgical treatment of epilepsy. The majority of respondents had negative attitudes toward the ability of epileptic children to had normal life. The level of practice was inadequate among most of parents as most of them did not know how to deal with epileptic children with seizures and most of them would avoid dealing with epileptic children. The KAP was inadequate among 78.2% of parents and was good among 21.8% of them.
Conclusion: most of Saudi parents had poor knowledge regarding the epilepsy that resulted in poor attitude and practice misconceptions. The adequate education about epilepsy would increase the incidence of disease management.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12080_b2e1b545f4af4662bda1137ef2d7fa58.pdf
2017-10-01
2685
2689
10.12816/0042249
Knowledge
Attitude
Practice
Epilepsy
Saudi parents
Jeddah City
2017
Maha Abdullah
Al.Zubaidi
1
Ibn Sina National College
AUTHOR
Njood Mohammad
Alsudairy
2
Ibn Sina National College
AUTHOR
Bayan Abdu
Alzubaidi
3
Ibn Sina National College
AUTHOR
KhairyaAbdulrahman
Alsadi
4
Ibn Sina National College
AUTHOR
Areej Ahmad
Abulela
5
Ibn Sina National College
AUTHOR
Samah Mohammed
AlQurashi
6
Umm Alqura University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of Community Knowledge toward Joint Replacement Therapy in Jeddah City
Background: the joint replacement surgery is a great advance in the orthopedic medicine with a longlife promise of knee or hip reconstructive surgery which may exceeds 20 years old.
Objectives: this study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of community Saudi adults regarding the joint replacement surgery in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia (KSA), 2017.
Methods: this was across sectional community based survey and it was conducted from May to August 2017 in Jeddah city among 670 adult Saudi subjects who were interviewed at shopping malls and community pharmacies. All the respondents answered a self-administrated questionnaire that considered the knowledge of respondents toward joint replacement therapy.
Results: all the subjects heard before the term joint replacement therapy and the major source of information was from friends and relatives. Only nine subjects (1.3%) have undergone hip or knee replacement surgery. The level of awareness about joint replacement surgery was adequate in only 30.9% of subjects and insufficient among 69.1% of subjects. The higher level of awareness was significantly associated with old age. Conclusion: the level of awareness was inadequate among most of Saudi participants about the causes and effects of the joint replacement surgery. There is urgent need for public education about the joint replacement surgery to address the concerns and advantages of the surgery through media, internet and health educational campaigns.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12081_077e7c0640f2efe9ba0d2d5dd0c9d806.pdf
2017-10-01
2690
2693
10.12816/0042250
Knowledge
joint replacement surgery
Jeddah
2017
Mohammed Hamad
Al-Rumaih
1
Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University
AUTHOR
Basim Khalid
AlHarthi
2
Taif University
AUTHOR
Atif Abdullah
Althobaiti
3
Taif University
AUTHOR
Khalid Ahmad
Alghamdi
4
Taif University
AUTHOR
Adel Abdulkareem
Alhabili
5
Cairo University
AUTHOR
Rayan Abadel A
Alsofyani
6
Taif University
AUTHOR
Hammad Abdulmughni
Alshaikh
7
Cairo University
AUTHOR
Jaber Hathloul Muslim
Alshammari
8
Hail University
AUTHOR
Anas Mustafa
Makhdoum
9
Taibah University
AUTHOR
Abdulmalek Abdulrahman
Aljulaihim
10
King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Role of Prophylactic Thyroid Neck Dissection in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Background: the utility and efficacy of prophylactic central neck dissection with total thyroidectomy for treatment of differentiated thyroid cancers has been debated in the literature over the past few decades. Proponents of prophylactic central neck dissection support its routine use with the notion that it reduces local recurrence, increases accuracy in TNM staging and reduces surgical morbidity associated with reoperation. Conversely, those against the use of routine prophylactic central neck dissection argue there was no clear evidence which showed a reduction in recurrence or added benefit to survival, while the procedure increased the risk for complications and morbidity. This article discussed the role of prophylactic central neck dissection in the setting of thyroid cancer and reviewed recently published literatures to evaluate efficacy and safety of this procedure.The papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common disorder with favorable prognosis around the world. PTC has 90% survival rate, but the most important challenge was the lymph node metastases that would result in disease recurrence. There is a debate about the utility of prophylactic central neck dissection in the area of PTC. The available studies for performing PCND showed a difficulty in predicting its outcomes, but PCND could provide potential reduction in the recurrence rates and risks of performing another surgery in the neck. This review discussed the PCND advantages compared to its long term outcomes and morbidity.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12082_1799be664f20d093807cbbf773ed3f9d.pdf
2017-10-01
2694
2697
10.12816/0042251
papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)
prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND)
Metastases
lymph node
Hisham Sameer
Alhathloul
1
King Faisal Unilversit
AUTHOR
Mohammed Ahmed
Almasabi
2
King Khalid University
AUTHOR
Abdulghani Mohammad
Lodhi
3
King Abdulaziz University
AUTHOR
Atheer Majed
Alghamdi
4
Almaarefa Colleges for Science and Technology
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Detection of Fluoroquinolones Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas species Using Molecular Techniques
Background: quinolone resistance is traditionally mediated by chromosomal mutations mutation of DNA gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV or by the mutation of genes regulating the expression of efflux pumps, until PMQR was described in a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae in 1998.PMQR genes generally confer low-level resistance, with their MICs falling below Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints for intermediate resistance; therefore, their contribution to quinolone resistance can be masked in strains also harboring QRDR mutations in gyrA and parC. However, their clinical significance stems from the fact that they greatly facilitate the selection of more highly quinolone-resistant strains. Although the PMQR mechanism only confers low-level resistance to FQs, its association with the occurrence of mutations in QRDR can lead to clinically relevant resistance levels. These PMQR determinants are increasingly being identified worldwide in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. Aim of the work: this study aimed to identify different mechanisms of fluoroquinolones resistance and determine fluoroquinolones resistance pattern among the studied isolates. Material and methods: this study was carried on 100 non duplicate clinically relevant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. recovered from clinical specimens referred to Central Microbiology Laboratory, Ain Shams University Hospital for routine culture and sensitivity, aiming to 1) Determine the occurrence of plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolones resistance (PMQR) determinants by multiplex PCR and chromosomal mutations by PCR-RFLP among Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. in clinical specimens. 2) Identify different mechanisms of Fluoroquinolones resistance. 3) Determine Fluoroquinolones resistance pattern among the studied isolates. Results: in this study we found that 77% of FQs resistant isolates were positive to one or more plasmids, oqxAB was highest recovered PMQR among Klebsiella. 78% were positive for gyrA mutations, gyrA gene mutations were higher in Pseudomonas, Asp-87mutation was 56/78(72%) higher than Ser-83 mutation 38/78 (49%) isolates.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12083_619f5b783624ae598b6597b4f46d56e3.pdf
2017-10-01
2698
2702
10.12816/0042252
Fluoroquinolones
Enterobacteriaceae
Pseudomonas
Molecular Techniques
Amal Said Morsey
Abdelmegeed
moon_14_ma@hotmail.com
1
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine- Ain Shams University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hadia Hussein
Bassim
2
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine- Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Samia Abdou
Girgis
3
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine- Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Sally Mohamed
Saber
4
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine- Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Dalia Hosni
AbdelHamid
5
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine- Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Ramy Mohamed
Mahmoud
6
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine- Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Awareness about Causes and Risk Factors of Cataract among General Population of Albaha City
Background: cataract is the most common age-related eye disease and the most treatable cause of visual impairment and blindness in adults.
Aim of the work: this study aimed to assess the knowledge of Saudi population in Albaha city about cataract and its risk factors. Methods: this was a cross-sectional study that included a representative sample of 756 adults of the Saudi population in this region. Participants answered self-administered questionnaires consisting of items assessing the knowledge about cataract.
Results: nearly half of the studed sample (50.5%) misunderstood cataract as a white membrane growing over the eye, while only 222 (29.4%) realized it as an increase in eye lens opacity. Moreover, this study revealed clearly deficient knowledge in the studied population about risk factors of cataract. High percent of participants (84%) did not know that incidence of cataract increases with positive family history. Likewise, there was a shortage of knowledge about the relationship of malnutrition, dehydration, hypertension and ultraviolet rays and the development of cataract. Fortunately, considerable numbers considered cataract as an age related disease and recognized that diabetes mellitus is a major precipitating factor to cataract. Conclusion: Saudi population in Albaha city had poor knowledge towards cataract and its risk factors. Hence, great efforts should be made to increase the knowledge and awareness of the general public about this disease.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12084_34883860d4cb233b1ffb82e12d9d1931.pdf
2017-10-01
2703
2710
10.12816/0042253
Cataract
Saudi population
Survey
risk factors
Abdulrahman H.A.
Alghamdi
1
Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Albaha, KSA
AUTHOR
Ali M.A.
Alamri
2
Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Albaha, KSA
AUTHOR
Raed A.M.
Alzahrani
3
Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Albaha, KSA
AUTHOR
Abdulrahman
A.M
4
Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Albaha
AUTHOR
Alghamdi, Saeed Y.S.
Alghamdi
5
Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Albaha
AUTHOR
Fahad A.A.
Dokhaikh
6
Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Albaha
AUTHOR
Osama H.A.
Alhabi
7
Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Albaha
AUTHOR
Fares A.M.
Alzahrani
8
Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Albaha, KSA
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Postnatal Developmental Changes of The Kidneys of The Albino Rat
Background: Being a highly immature organ at birth, the rat kidney is morphologically as fetal when compared with humans. Events that occur during fetal development might determine adult renal diseases.
Aim of work: This study aimed to characterize the postnatal developmental changes of the kidneys in albino rats using light microscope from postnatal day (PND) 2 until PND 70. This may give references to pathologists when evaluating juvenile toxicology studies.
Materials and Methods: Ten healthy pregnant albino rats were used in this study. Twenty-five of their offsprings were obtained and divided according to age into five groups of 5 pups each.Group A: studied at PND 2. Group B: studied at PND 10. Group C: studied at PND 20. Group D: studied at PND 30. Group E: studied at PND 70. Kidneys were removed, processed for light microscopic study and 5 mm thick paraffin sections were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain.
Results: Light microscopic examination of the renal cortex at PND 2 revealed subcapsular nephrogenic zone contained immature renal developmental stages, juxtamedullary zone contained formed glomeruli with medullary rays between the two zones. The renal cortex acquired maturation centrifugally with the superficial nephrons was the last to mature by PND 20. The papilla was the most mature region of the kidney and at PND2; it had the structural composition of the inner stripe of outer medulla. The papillary maturation involved a process of tubular elongation and increase in the interstitium until reaching adult structure by PND 20. At PND 2, the medulla was the most immature zone being formed of islets of tubular structures among abundant interstitium with high degree of undifferentiation. Its maturation involved tubular elongation and decrease of the interstitium with the outer medulla was the last to mature as late as PND 30. Consequently, the medulla remained immature for a relatively long postnatal period, in comparison to the other kidney regions.
Conclusion: It was concluded that, rat kidney is immature at birth and kidney sub regions mature at different rates during postnatal development. The papilla was the first to mature (PND 20) followed by the cortex (PND 20) and finally the medulla (PND 30).
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12085_c7432bb2295b875726071f381535c7e8.pdf
2017-10-01
2711
2721
10.12816/0042254
postnatal development
kidney
rat
Emtethal M.
El-Bestawy
1
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University
AUTHOR
Ashraf S.
Hegab
2
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University
AUTHOR
Reda A.
Abdel Hamid
3
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University
AUTHOR
Amal S.
Sewelam
ali121212121213@yahoo.com
4
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Articular Cartilage Mapping through Novel Advances in MRI Techniques
Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a useful tool for clinicians and scientists to assess the health of cartilage and other soft tissues. Conventional MRI provides sufficient tissue contrast to detect morphological changes in cartilage where radiography cannot. However, changes in cartilage physiology prior to morphological changes cannot be visualized or measured with conventional MRI. The recent advances in MR sequences together with the implementation of higher resolution MRI due to high-field MR systems as well as sophisticated coil technology have overcome existing limitations and led to promising in vivo approaches in morphological and biochemical MRI of cartilage. Recently, quantitative MRI techniques such as T2, T2*, dGEMRIC (delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage), sodium imaging ((23)Na), chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and T1rho mapping have been shown to be sensitive to biochemical changes in cartilage. Advanced magnetic resonance (MR) sequences for cartilage evaluation are focused on the assessment of articular cartilage biochemical composition, more specifically to the collagen and glycosaminoglycan content.
Aim of the Study: The aim of this work is to emphasize the role of new advances of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of cartilage disease.
Conclusion: MRI provides a powerful solution for noninvasive imaging. Improvements have been made in morphologic imaging of cartilage in terms of contrast, resolution, and acquisition time. These improvements allow detailed maps of the cartilage surface to be developed that can be used to quantify both thickness and volume.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12086_379ef658b835f1341a39aff2aaf2d631.pdf
2017-10-01
2722
2729
10.12816/0042255
MRI of cartilage
cartilage mapping
glycosaminoglycan
T2
T2*
dGEMRIC (delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage
MR sequenc
Mahmoud Eldoukali Ali
Zreaba
1
Department of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Mohamed Amin
Nassef
2
Department of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Amgad Samy
Abdel Rahman
3
Department of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Congestive Heart Failure in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Dialysis
Background: chronic kidney disease can lead to end stage renal disease which would require the patient to be on dialysis. Kidney diseases predispose patients to many complications, such as cardiovascular, hematological, endocrinological, and others. For a patient who is on dialysis, the damaging processes on the cardiovascular system resulting in congestive heart failure are accelerated, making it the biggest cause of mortality. Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: chronic kidney disease, end stage renal disease, congestive heart failure, indications of dialysis, hemodialysis, complications of dialysis, congestive heart failure in dialysis patients.Aim: in this review, we aim to evaluate the incidence, prevalence, pathogenesis, and outcome of congestive heart failure in a patient who is on dialysis due to chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: Congestive heart failure and chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis have a very bad prognosis of only three years, and there has been no improvement in prognosis from over twenty years. More studies and researches must be conducted in this topic in order to come up with better forms of therapy in order to decrease mortality and improve quality of life.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12087_c1c71a9fbc8ad30be57a5f3963c0b556.pdf
2017-10-01
2730
2735
10.12816/0042256
Chronic Kidney Disease
Congestive Heart Failure
heart failure on dialysis
pathophysiology of congestive heart failure with chronic kidney diseas
Saud Mohammed Saeed
Alshahrani
s.semran@hotmail.com
1
King Khalid University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saeed Abdulrahman Saleh
Alghamdi
2
King Khalid University
AUTHOR
Ali Saeed
Kadasah
3
King Khalid University
AUTHOR
Shubayli Hassan Hayazi
Alshehri
4
King Khalid University
AUTHOR
Sultan Khalid Saeed
Kadasah
5
King Khalid University
AUTHOR
Mohammed Abdullah Mohammed
Alqarni
6
King Khalid University
AUTHOR
Mohammed Sharaf Saad
Alshahrani
7
King Khalid University
AUTHOR
Abdullah Mohammed Hassan
Alsuayri
8
King Khalid University
AUTHOR
Mohammed Saeed
Kadsah
9
Misr University for Science and Technology
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Emergency Management of Stroke
A stroke takes place when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted or there is bleeding in the brain. Within a short time, brain cells starts to die. It is critical to seek emergency care at the first sign of a stroke. Early treatment saves many lives and decreases the effects of stroke. If brain cells die or are damaged as a consequence of a stroke, symptoms take place in the parts of the body that these brain cells control. Examples of stroke symptoms comprised sudden weakness, paralysis or numbness of the face, arms, or legs (paralysis is an inability to move), trouble speaking or understanding speech and trouble seeing. A stroke is a serious medical condition that requires emergency care and may cause lasting brain damage, long-term disability or even death.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12088_a1a6aee7ec72de22bd295929bd21cf74.pdf
2017-10-01
2736
2742
10.12816/0042257
stroke
Thrombolytic therapy
Emergency management
Ischemic stroke
prevention
Nedaa Mohammed A.
Alromail
1
King Saud University
AUTHOR
Mahmoud Shehab
Halawani
2
Batterjee Medical College for Sciences and Technology
AUTHOR
Imtinan Abdulrahman
Malawi
3
Batterjee Medical College for Sciences and Technology
AUTHOR
Abdulrahman Mubarak
Almutairi
a.m.almutairi@live.com
4
Majmaah University
AUTHOR
Abdullah Abdulziz
Alsaib
5
King Abdulaziz University
AUTHOR
Bejad Nasha
AL-Osaimi
6
Taif University
AUTHOR
Asmaa Idris
Ali
7
Batterjee Medical College for Sciences and Technology,
AUTHOR
Faisal Abdulrahman
Althobaiti
8
Taif University
AUTHOR
Lamma Abdulmohsen A
Alghiryafi
9
Umm Alqura University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Diagnosis and Management of Thyrotoxicosis
Background: thyrotoxicosis is a hypermetabolic state due to excessive amounts of thyroid hormone in the circulation. There are several causes and the worst presentation is a thyroid storm, which is an endocrinal emergency. Clinically, thyrotoxicosis can present vaguely leading to misdiagnosis and mismanagement.
Aim of the work: this study aimed to understand the clinical presentation of thyrotoxicosis, its diagnosis and ways of management.
Methodology: we conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE from January 1987 to March 2017.
Conclusion: due to its vague presentation, thyrotoxicosis can be misdiagnosed and managed wrongly, leading to life threatening condition called thyroid storm. Health care physicians must keep a high degree of suspicion in order to provide prompt therapeutic measures to avoid complications as well as death of patient.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12089_f0cf5ee34c03b40af42222ba53fc230d.pdf
2017-10-01
2743
2749
10.12816/0042258
thyrotoxicosis
diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis
thyroid storm
management of thyroid storm
anti-thyroid drugs
Thyroidectomy
Awatif Ahmed
Althubyani
tofe3636@hotmail.com
1
Ibn Sina National College
AUTHOR
Alaa Jamal
Akbar
2
King Abdulaziz University
AUTHOR
Mohammed Mahmoud
Alenezy
3
King Abdulaziz University
AUTHOR
Abdulilah Ateeq
Alsolami
4
King Abdulaziz University
AUTHOR
Saleha Ahmed
Aleid
5
Imam Abdulrhman Bin Faisal University
AUTHOR
Saud Abdullah Naser
Alasmi
6
Ibn Sina National College
AUTHOR
Al Qahtany. Faisal
Hani M
7
Imam Abdulrhman Bin Faisal University
AUTHOR
Yazeed WaleedO
Alfadl
8
Ibn Sina National College
AUTHOR
Mohammed Taha A
Alnoor
9
Ibn Sina National College
AUTHOR
Manar Ibrahim Y
Sangoura
10
Ibn Sina National College
AUTHOR
Waleed Eid
Alraddadi
11
Ibn Sina National College
AUTHOR
Afnan Shukri A
Sharourou
afnan.sh@live.com
12
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
AUTHOR