ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Correlation between Corneal Biomechanics and Intraocular Pressure
Background: measurement error in goldman applanation tonometry (GAT) may be due to the differences in central corneal thickness (CCT) or corneal stromal rigidity. Corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) may prove a helpful guide to measure this relationship. Purpose: To study the correlation between cornea biomechanical parameters as measured with the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) and intraocular pressure (IOP). Patient and Method: The study is a comparative prospective cross-sectional clinical trial included 60 eyes of patients subdivided into three groups; 20 with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), 20 with ocular hypertension (OHT) and 20 as normal population. They underwent measurement of IOP, CCT and corneal biomechanical parameters (CH, CRF) using GAT, ORA and ultrasound pachymetery. Results: Thirty patients were enrolled in the study, 22 males (73%) and 8 females (27%). The mean age of patients involved is 44.2 ± 12.6 ranging between 25 and 60 years old. The IOP by GAT, IOPg and IOPcc were 21.6 ± 5.1, 21.5 ± 5.1, 22.1 ± 5.1 respectively. The CH and CRF were 14.2 ± 9.3 and 18 ± 11.2. The CCT was 531.97 ± 20.4. The correlation is insignificant between all parameters of IOP and CCT (P >0.05) while the correlation is significant between IOP and corneal biomechanics and between CCT and corneal biomechanics (P < 0.05). Conclusion: CCT affect corneal biomechanical properties, the higher CCT the higher were CH and CRF and vice versa. Corneal biomechanics affect IOP more than CCT. The higher CH the lower was IOP while the higher CRF the higher was IOP. CH affect IOPcc more than GAT while CRF affect GAT more than IOPcc. CH decrease in glaucoma and in OHT more than normal while CRF increase in glaucoma and OHT more than normal.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8549_f601c9ca4fb4077fb47164867ba9264c.pdf
2018-04-01
3273
3284
Intraocular pressure – Ocular Response Analyzer – Goldmann Applanation Tonometry – Corneal biomechanics
Mahmoud Ibrahim Elgammal, Mohammed Abdel-Monem Mahdy,
Mahmoud Mohammad Saleh
1
Department of Ophthalmology, faculty of medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of Malocclusion Pattern and Dentofacial Characteristics in Al-Jouf Population
Objective: To assess the pattern of malocclusion and dentofacial characteristics among Al-jouf Population. Materials and Methods: Individuals in the age group of 7 years and above were incorporated in this study. Pre- treatment orthodontic records of a total of 120 patients were obtained. Data recorded was established on case records, study models, cephalometric x rays and photographs of those patients presently and clinical examined. The data were analyzed by SPSS software (Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20.0, Chicago, Illinois, USA). Calculation of descriptive statistics was done and Chi-square was applied. Results: In this study Angle’s Class I malocclusion being more prevalent as contrasted with alternate sorts of malocclusion. Increased overjet and crowding were the major occlusal finding. Most patients had orthognathic and retrognatic profile, the difference or association is found to be between malocclusion classes and facial profile. Conclusion: This study has attempted to highlight various components which assume an essential part in settling on the choice to begin orthodontic treatment and might give a pattern information for arranging orthodontic treatment to strategy planners and orthodontists with suggestions on the procurement of consideration and the utilization of constrained assets.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8550_7a014475edbec749936aae20f2f69090.pdf
2018-04-01
3285
3289
malocclusion
Dentofacial Characteristics
Al-jouf
Faisal Fahad Al-Musayyab, Adel Hamuod Al-Anazi, Hussam Mowfak Al-Ruwaily,
Fayez Mohammed Al-Azmi
1
College of Dentistry, Al-Jouf University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence of Malocclusion and Its Association with Deleterious Oral Habits in Saudi School Children
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and its association with deleterious oral habits in school going children from 9 to 11 years old, in Sakaka region of Saudi Arabia
Material and Methods: The present cross- sectional study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and its association with deleterious oral habits in school going children from 9 to 11 years old, in Sakaka region of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a questionnaire and orthodontic examination chart. Results: 46% of the examined children had normal occlusion. Deleterious oral habits which are deemed to be the greatest culprits in the causation of occlusal discrepancies were found to be prevalent in 79.2% of the children evaluated in the study. The highest prevalence was seen for thumb sucking, which was common in more than 70% of the subjects and the lowest prevalence was for nail biting which was common in only 9% of the subjects. Conclusions: habit of mouth breathing was seen among 21% of the studied population. The variables that were most strongly associated with the presence of oral habit were malocclusion and mandibular spacing although the number of subjects with oral habits displayed more occurrence of all the variables that were under consideration. Midline shift and maxillary and mandibular crowding, illustrated in this study were higher compared to those obtained from other developing countries.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8551_48f9a6077f534fdab709a8f665a53af7.pdf
2018-04-01
3290
3294
malocclusion
Deleterious
prevalence
Adel Hamoud Nafea Alanazi, Faisal Fahad al Musayyab, Yousef Anad Alshraray,
Hamza Abdullah Aljuwaid
1
College of Dentistry, Al-Jouf University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prediction of Successful Labor Induction in Multiparas Women
Background: Induction of labor (IOL) is the intervention used to artificially initiate uterine contractions leading to progressive dilatation and effacement of the cervix to accomplish delivery prior to the onset of spontaneous labor. Aim: to assess predictors of successful labor induction in multiparous women. Method: This was a prospective cross sectional study. The study population was a consecutive series of participants attending Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital. Pre-induction assessment was done using Bishop scoring system on 57 participants. Result: in out of 57 women underwent induction of labor 51 women had successful labor induction (88.3%) and 6 cases had failed (11.7%) labor induction. Conclusion: Main predictors of successful labor induction were BMI, gestational weight gain and Bishop score ≥6.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8552_1d982cf29ef97843e693ef676270706e.pdf
2018-04-01
3295
3298
induction of labor (IOL)
multiparas women
Bishop Score
Gasser M El Bishry1, Ihab F Allam1, Radwa R Ali1,
Abdelrahman F Mahmoud
1
1- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine, 2- Ain Shams University.2-Johina Hospital Sohage Ministry of Health
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Confidence, Perception, and Attitude towards Prescribing Antibiotics among Medical Students and Interns in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Background: According to the World Health Organization, antibiotics are the most frequently prescribed drugs worldwide. The development of antibiotics has successfully overcome the threat of infectious diseases, but they are often misused, leading to the spread of resistant bacteria strains. This study aimed to assess the perception and attitude toward antibiotic prescription among medical students and interns in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in both governmental and private medical colleges. Methods: This was a cross-sectional multi-site study involving 249 participants, comprised of sixth year medical students and interns sampled using a convenience sampling technique. Data were obtained using a validated questionnaire used in a previous study to assess the perception and attitude toward antibiotic pre- scribing and antimicrobial resistance. Results: Out of 249 respondents, 92.4% said they would like more education on antibiotic selection, 81.5% believed that prescribing inappropriate or unnecessary antibiotics was professionally unethical, 66.3% felt confident in their ability to make an accurate infection diagnosis, and 54.4% were not confident about correct dosages and administration intervals. In all, 79.1% of the participants thought that antibiotic resistance is a nationwide problem, and 46.8% believed the problem does exist in their hospital. Conclusion: Medical students in Saudi Arabia seem to have problems with their confidence, perception, and attitude toward using antibiotics. More rigorous training on antibiotic prescription is needed for sixth year students and interns in Saudi Arabia, and a standardized curriculum should be considered for private and governmental medical colleges.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8553_37dcab00b259479f682d8ab43f0e27ef.pdf
2018-04-01
3299
3303
antibiotics
antibiotic resistant
bacteria strains
Infectious diseases
Fahdah Al-Musallam, Abrar Al-Aidaros, Fatmah Awn, Wa’ed Al-Tawabini,
Thikra Al-Zhrani, Bashayer Bamashmos
1
Department of Medicine, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Accidental Displacement of Nasopharyngeal Airway in a Child on Non-Invasive Ventilation (Case Report)
Effective and prompt pediatric airway management is an essential component of the successful management of acute respiratory failure in children. Applying Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) with Nasopharyngeal Airway (NPA) can facilitate managing these children with acute respiratory dysfunction, till the pathophysiological process resolves. Observation of potential complications of NPA is warranted, as displacement into the esophagus occurred in this reported patient. Integrating proper fixation method for these nasopharyngeal airways in children undergoing non-invasive mechanical ventilation may help in maintaining patent upper airway, as well as limiting potential complications of airway adjunct displacement.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8554_c20a6098b6b2a9f139396e5dcd253e5f.pdf
2018-04-01
3304
3307
Displaced nasopharyngeal airway
pneumonia
Non-Invasive Ventilation
Mohamad-Hani
Temsah
mtemsah@ksu.edu.sa
1
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics (39), College of Medicine, King Saud University ,Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Doctors and Medical Students towards Stem Cell Use in The Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Objectives: To assess the Knowledge, attitude, and practice of Doctors and Medical Students towards Stem Cell use in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of stem cell therapy among 120 Doctors and medical students in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia during the period from April to December 2017, participants signed a written informed consent, then responded to a self-reported twenty-six item questionnaire. (Ten questions to assess knowledge, 6 questions to assess practice, and 10 questions to assess attitude). The data were analyzed by The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), and the independent-samples t-test was used to compare men and women, doctors and students. A P-value of <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Out of 120 doctors (n=75) and medical students (n=45), the male dominance was evident (81.6%). The knowledge was poor in 21%, fair in 76.5%, good in 2.5%, while no one scored excellently. The attitude score was excellent in only 0.8%, good in 9.2%, fair in 73.1% and poor in 16.8%. Regarding practice, excellent, good, fair, and poor were reported in 14.3%, 52.9%, 21.8%, and 10.9% respectively. No significant statistical gender differences were evident between doctors, and medical students. Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude, and practice were suboptimal among doctors and medical students in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. An educational intervention to upgrade the knowledge is highly needed.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8555_97d485a2a05ddc7ac157224b63d7ab71.pdf
2018-04-01
3308
3313
Knowledge
Attitude
Practice
Doctors
Medical students
KSA
Manal Mohammed ALmashori 1, Bayan Ibrahim ALaradi1, Lamis majed ALtoairqi1, Fatimah Ali Swead1,
Marwan Fahad ALtemani, Maha ELBeltagy,
1
1Medical Students, Medical College, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia,2Department of Anatomy, Medical College, The University of Jordan, Amman. Faculty of medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt,
AUTHOR
Yasin Ibrahim3,
Hyder Osman Mirghani
2
3 Department of Community Medicine, Medical College, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia,4 Medicinal department, Medical College, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparative Study between Intravenous Paracetamol and Pethidine as Post-Cesarean Section Analgesia
Background: Management of acute pain after cesarean section has evolved considerably over the past decade. The general approach to pain after cesarean section is changing, shifting away from traditional opioid-based therapy. Typical analgesic regimens include opioids and nono-pioid analgesics, such as paracetamol and NSAIDs, with the variable addition of local anesthetic techniques. Aim of the Work: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of intravenous infusion of paracetamol in comparison with meperidine (pethidine) as post cesarean section analgesia, as demonstrated by the degree of pain relief. Patients and Methods: This terventional prospective randomized study was conducted at El- Helal Hospital for Health Insurance, Damitta. It comprised (90) labouring women who seek post C.S analgesia. They were divided into two groups: 1st group (group A, 45 women): They received 100 ml intravenous perfalgan containing 1000 mg paracetamol. Second group (group B, 45 women): They received 50 mg meperidine hydrochloride Intramuscular. Results: There was a statistically significant lower pulse rate in the pethidine group 84.3 ± 5.18 as compared to paracetamol group 87.3 ± 6.85 (p=0.024). While systolic and diastolic Blood pressure showed non-significant difference between the two groups. The mean visual analogue scale (VAS) after 1hour of receiving analgesia in the paracetamol group was 2.19 ± 0.79 while in the pethidine group it was 2.09 ± 0.72 and this was statistically significant (p=0.039*). As regards side effects, in the pethedine group, 3 (6.7%) patients had nausea and vomiting, 2 (4.4%) patients had hypotension and 1 (2.2%) patient had a decreased respiratory rate, While, no side effects noticed in the paracetamol group. This difference was statistically highly significant (p=0.037*). Conclusion: Paracetamol is as effective as pethidine in relieving pain after cesarean section. Prescribing paracetamol in the form of intravenous infusion can be suggested as a suitable alternative for opioid after the operation. No side effects were noticed in patients who received paracetamol making it highly safe. Recommendations: Further studies on a larger scale of patients are needed to confirm the results obtained by this study.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8556_f67c293f438dde66bf2720a9d1f2207a.pdf
2018-04-01
3314
3321
intravenous paracetamol
Pethidine
cesarean section
Analgesia
Abd El-Moneim M Zakaria, Ashraf H Mohammed, Mohammed E Hammour,
Mohammed A Refaie
1
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Al-Azhar University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Acute Compartment Syndrome Prevalence and Outcome in Aseer Central Hospital
Background: Acute compartment syndrome is a painful condition caused by the increased interstitial pressure, itone of the most critical emergencies cases in both trauma cases and orthopedics. The leg is themost common site, but forearms, hands, feet, and buttocks are also places of occurrence. There are several risk factors for this syndrome and its outcome is depending on time of diagnosis.
Aim: To assess the risk factors and outcomes of acute compartment syndrome.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Aseer central hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia. The study included 77 patients who suffered acute compartment syndrome.
Results:The mean age of patients was 28.31±14.68 years old, males represented 92.2%, and females represented 7.8%. The fracturewas presented in 79.2%; the most common cause was RTA representing 57.1%, 53.2% of patients had no injuries. Mostpatients had no complications (63.6%), the only significant factor between patients with and without complication was open fixation (P-value=0.001).
Conclusion: Acute compartment syndrome was more common in males, and themost common site was in theleg, the most important cause was RTA and the more dominant associated injury was avascular injury.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8557_83f28402a4a999e51c24b940e078e4df.pdf
2018-04-01
3322
3327
ACS
Complication of ACS
ACS risk factors
Ahmad Hussain M Alqahtani, Fareed Alfaya, Abdulelah Hussain Alhamid, Afaf Mohammad Saad Al-Mugared, Asma'a Mesfer Al-Shehri, Saeed Ali Alwadei,
Afnan Musleh Alshahrani, Safiyh
1
King Khaled University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Knowledge and Attitudes towards Infection Control Protocols among the Students of Al-Jouf University in Saudi Arabia
Objective: The aim of the paper is to assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards infection control of dental students, in Al-Jouf University, College of Dentistry. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was distributed among the students and interns (n=65) of Al Jouf university, College of Dentistry, to determine their level of knowledge, attitude and practice towards infection control. A self-administered questionnaire comprising of three parts knowledge, attitude and practice towards infection control. The data was collected and statistically analyzed. Results were calculated on the basis of frequencies and percentages. Results: In our study, we found that 97% of the students have knowledge about infection control. Only 8 % of the students disinfect the dental chair after each patient. 80 % of the students did not know that clinical waste should be discarded in specially designated and colour coded bins. 94% of the students wear examination gloves during surgical procedures. Only 8% of students change their mask after each patient and only 12% wear safety glasses during treating patients. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that the attitude of the dental students towards cross infection control was positive but greater compliance was needed. Knowledge and practice parameters in certain key areas were lacking. Strict adherence to the standard protocols of infection control should be implemented and continuous education to the students and staff should be provided.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8558_53915facf2ee2f4976cd2f7ab4c7abde.pdf
2018-04-01
3328
3331
Infection control
Attitude
Practice
Abdulkarim Owaid Alanazi, Yunus Kassab Alrawili, Yousef Mazki Alanazi,
Fayyaz Alam Shah
1
Al-jouf University, College of Dentistry
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Detection of Cytotoxin-Associated and Vacuolating Cytotoxin Genotypes of Helicobacter pylori in Patients with Peptic Inflammatory/Ulcerative Disorders
Background: Helicobacter pylori is a Gram negative, spiral, rod-shaped, and flagellated bacteria that colonizes the human gastric mucosa and can cause a strong inflammatory state and lesions. However, genomic and phenotypic features of different strains allow the expression of virulence factors which enable some strains, rather than others, to cause disease. Aims: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of the cytotoxicity genes, CagA and VacA, of H. pylori in patients with peptic inflammatory/ulcerative disorders and correlate between different genotypes and peptic lesions. Patients and methods: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and histopathological examination of gastric biopsy samples were done for 112 patients complaining of upper gastrointestinal symptoms and clinically suspected to have H. Pylori infection. CagA and VacA genotyping by PCR were done for 50 H. pylori +ve patients (diagnosed by histopathology). Results: CagA gene and VacA gene were detected in 42.0% and 70% of H. pylori +ve patients respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between CagA and duodenal erosion and ulceration visualized by endoscopy. There was also a positive correlation between CagA and gastric erosion and ulceration visualized by endoscopy, but it didn`t reach a significant level. There was also a significant positive correlation between the VacA m1s1 subtype and duodenal erosion and ulceration detected by endoscopy. VacA m2s2 was correlated to presence of both gastric erosions and ulcerations and presence of metaplasia and atrophy. There was only one H. pylori +ve patient with gastric cancer. This patient was positive for both CagA and VacA m2s2. Conclusions: The CagA gene is associated with severe forms of gastric pathology (peptic ulcer disease "PUD" and precancerous gastric lesions) and the VacA m2s2 subtype is associated with variable forms of gastric pathology rather than other VacA gene subtypes. Recommendations: Genotyping for VacA and CagA of H. pylori infected patients is helpful to determine the patients at more risk. Further studies are needed to evaluate the virulence factors in H. pylori with emphasis on role of CagA and VacA m2s2 both in vivo and in vitro.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8559_e6d953a786fe8fc77f321754ce010b85.pdf
2018-04-01
3332
3342
Cytotoxin-Associated
Vacuolating Cytotoxin
genotypes
Helicobacter pylori
Peptic Inflammatory
Ulcerative Disorders
Mohammad Mostafa Alsaadawy,1 Mohammad Samy Alhakim2, Almahdy Mohammad Alatrouny1, Ali Monis Yasin3
Mohammad Mostafa Alkherkhisy
mohammadalkherkhisy@azhar.edu.eg
1
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, 2Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University and 3Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Migraine among Medical and Non-Medical Students of Hail University
Background: Migraine is a common neurological disorder with significant impact on quality of life. The unpredictable nature of the disease leads to frequent absenteeism or decreased productivity at work. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of migraine in medical and non medical students of Hail University, KSA and to assess their knowledge about the disease. Methods: The present cross sectional community based study was conducted in Hail University. Materials and Methods: The study included 800 students; 332 medical and 468 non medical students formed the study group. Students filled a detailed questionnaire focusing on demographics, pain characteristics, accompanying factors, triggers, and knowledge about migraine. Lifestyle variables were enquired and migraine associated absenteeism. The diagnosis of migraine was made according to the International Headache Society criteria. Results: The students’ awareness of migraine was good, as 48.9% of non medical and 84.6% of medical students had a good background. Twelve point seven percent of medical and 51.5% of non medical students had headache. The prevalence of migraine in all students was 35.4%; however the prevalence was 80.1% of males and 61.9% in females. About half (44.4%) of medical and 45.2% of non medical had the first attack at 18-22 years. In 20.7% of non medical and 31.0% of medical had migraine attack lasting 5-12 hours. Forty one point five percent of non medical and 38.1% of medical students had neck stiffness as accompanying symptoms. Trigger factors were prolonged sleeping and irregular exercises in 29.5% of non medical and 16.6% of medical students . Pain of migraine radiated to the back of the head in 26.1% of non medical and 14.3% of medical students. Acetaminophen, NSAIDs, Ergotamine, Opioids, non pharmaceutical was used in 19.9% of non medical and 42.9% of medical students. Conclusion: Our study found a high prevalence of migraine in non medical and medical students. The students’ awareness of the disease was good and most of the students resorted self- medication. Our study identified previously less-recognized triggers like prolonged sleeping hours and accompanying symptoms like neck stiffness.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8560_b66b68b84f50ad3c98e8ba68a1a1cd6b.pdf
2018-04-01
3343
3350
Medical and non medical students
Migraine
Hail university
Abdullah Abdulhadi Hammad
Alharbi
1
University Of Hail, College Of Medicine
AUTHOR
Saleh H.
Alharbi
2
Internal Medicine Department, Alimam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University
AUTHOR
Alanoud Mansour Ayed
Albalawi
3
University Of Hail, College Of Medicine
AUTHOR
Ali M.
Alshdokhi
4
University Of Hail, College Of Medicine
AUTHOR
Waad Alazri S
Alanazi
5
Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University
AUTHOR
Munirah Nasser Nayed
Alsiraa
6
University Of Hail, College Of Medicine
AUTHOR
Munirah Hamdan
Alkhrisi
7
University of Tabuk, faculty of medicine
AUTHOR
Sama Ahmad
Al-Ostaz
8
Battarje Medical College BMC
AUTHOR
Dalal Ayedh
Al-Harbi
9
Battarje Medical College BMC
AUTHOR
Rahaf Mohammed
Alruwaili
10
Jouf University, faculty of medicine
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cerebrovascular Stroke among Senior Adult Population in Arar, KSA
Background: In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, stroke is a rapidly growing problem and a major cause of illness and death. This increasing incidence is due to the changing life style in the country and high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, all considered to be important. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and determinant factors of cerebrovascular stroke among Saudi senior adults (above 50 years) in Arar, KSA. Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross sectional survey conducted on a representative sample of elderly people in the Northern Province of Saudi Arabia. Results: The overall prevalence rate of first-time stroke or repeated cerebrovascular stroke observed in this study was 4.3%.Mean age (± SD) of the cases was 61±9.25 and 50% of cases were 70-79 years old. Males constituted 83.3% of the cases and 50.0% ex-smokers. Regarding the associated cardiovascular diseases, arrhythmias was found in all cases, hyperlipidemia in 83.3%, hypertension in 50% of the cases and myocardial infarction in 50%. The majority (66.7%) were diabetics, 33.3% were obese, 33.3% had renal insufficiency and 50% had hypothyroidism. Stroke was significantly related to old age, male sex, hyperlipidemia, ischemic heart diseases and smoking (P<0.05) while non-significantly related to hypertension, diabetes and Body Mass Index (kg/m2) status. Conclusion: In Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of cerebrovascular stroke among senior adult population was 4.3%, which is relatively high. In addition, there is definite lack of published researches on stroke. However, such research is vitally essential to plan for appropriate management programs to be set up, effective implementation of primary prevention strategies and proper allocation of health resources in this area.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8562_cfa38d8f7ec7df6eab9ebe828a58c01b.pdf
2018-04-01
3356
3363
prevalence and risk factors
cerebrovascular stroke
senior adults
Arar
KSA
Alaa Jameel A Ahmed1, Salma Abdalla Mohamed Ali Abdalla2, Sahar Sattam Alshammari3, Amal Mahmoud R Abdullah4, Ahmed Mahmoud R Abdullah1,
Alanazi, Manar Huzaym A, Alruwaili,
1
1 Students, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, 2Internal Medicine Department Northen Border University, Arar, 3Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain,
AUTHOR
Mahmoud R
Abdullah
2
4Internal Medicine Department King Faisal Specialist Hospital and research center, Riyadh, KSA
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Unilateral Optic Disc Swelling Demographic Study, Ocular and Systemic Association
Objectives: this study aimed to investigate the most common causes of unilateral optic disc swelling and also to identify the ocular and systemic factors associated with each case. Study design: this was a prospective study in El-Hussein University Hospital and National eye Center (Rod El- Farag).Population: 50 eyes of 50 patients who were suffered from unilateral optic disc swelling were included in this study. Method: personal, medical, family, systemic illness history, smoking, drug and alcohol intake, visual acuity assessment, clinical assessment of the optic nerve function, anterior segment examination, fundus examination, visual field testing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbit and brain and laboratory investigation including fasting blood glucose and 2 hours postprandial, lipid profile, complete blood picture , C reactive protein and ESRwere included. Results: non arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) was the most common cause of unilateral disc swelling reported in this study (72%) followed by traumatic optic neuropathy, optic neuritis, disc swelling associated with orbital mass, disc swelling associated with brain mass in the same percentage (6%) followed by disc swelling associated with thyroid ophthalmopathy, disc swelling associated with cilio retinal artery occlusion in the same percentage (2%) with different ocular and systemic associations in each group.Conclusion: the most common cause of unilateral disc swelling In the present study is (NAION), it caused mainly by systemic vascular disorders (DM, HTN and hyperlipidemia).
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8563_41aaae019e5d81e9678b2d1dea9ef18b.pdf
2018-04-01
3364
3367
non arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
optic disc
disc swelling
funduscopy
visual field
Ahmed Mohammed Youssef, Ehab Abd-El Samie El Sheikh,
Amr Tarek El Saed
1
Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Relation between Drug Use And Age-Related Cataract
Background: A small number of studies have described the role of antidepressants as cataractogenic in humans, nevertheless, it residues unclear whether this possibility also prevails with the utilization of antidepressants. Methods: We conducted this meta-analysis using a comprehensive search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials till 01 February 2018 for studies that evaluated the relation between drug use and age-related cataract. Results: Six studies were recognized with a total of 240,145 cases. The results for serotonin noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors 1.32 1.14–1.31) P = 0.026, I2 = 65.2%, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (OR 1.42 1.19–1.21) P < 0.001, I2 = 89.4%, tricyclic antidepressants (OR 1.41; 95% CI: 1.19–1.42) P = 0.08, I2 = 55.3% Conclusion: There is a possible risk of the relation between drug use and age-related cataract. The utilization of antidepressants for more than 1 year or longer had increased risk for development of cataract.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8564_832d9c3100af8d35625f0dba5690b195.pdf
2018-04-01
3368
3372
Age-related cataract
Drug utilization
tricyclic antidepressant
Alaa Mohammed Ali Alshahrani 1 , Fahd B. Altherwi 2 , Rakan Mosa Algorinees 3 , Lujain Abdulaziz A Alrajhi 2 , Anas Hassan Saeed Alzahrani 2 , Nouf Mohammed Alrefay 2 ,
Moath Jamaan Al-Ghamdi , Baraah
1
1- King Khalid University , 2- King Abdulaziz University , 3- King Khalid eye Specialist Hospital-Riyadh , 4- Intern, Albaha University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
CD86: A Novel Prognostic Marker in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients
Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy diagnosed in patients younger than 15 years, accounting for 76% of all leukemias in this age group. It accounts for only 20% of adult acute leukemias. The B7-family molecule CD86 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs). Cell surface expression of CD86 provides an important co-stimulatory signal that profoundly influences immune responses. Optimal T-cell activation needs costimulatory signals via the interaction between costimulatory molecule CD28 on T lymphocytes and its ligands the B7-family molecules B7.2 (CD86) on APCs. Activation and differentiation of T lymphocytes plays an important role in mediating the pathogenesis of ALL. Objective: This study aims to assess the expression of CD86 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients and correlate its expression with the clinical, hematological findings and response to therapy. Subjects and methods: CD86 was measured in 35 newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemic patients and 20 age and sex matched healthy controls. Results: A significant statistical difference between CD86 expression levels in patients versus controls was determined. There was a high statistically significant association between CD86 expression and poor outcome. Conclusion: High CD86% and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) expression appears to be a powerful prognostic indicator of unfavorable outcome in ALL. Analysis of CD86 percentage and MFI expression in addition to other standard prognostic markers at diagnosis may contribute to improve the management of ALL patients.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8565_15c054c3c8a9031a7a14110d69e3c724.pdf
2018-04-01
3373
3377
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
CD86
Mona Ahmed Wahba, Heba Mostafa El-Maraghy,
Asmaa Mohamed Abdel-Razik
1
Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Pharmacokinetics of a Once Daily Dosing Regimen of Gentamicin in a Patient with Delayed Wound Healing
Background: Gentamicin is used for the treatment of serious gram-negative infections and has low therapeutic index. This may lead to several side effects, though therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is important in gentamicin therapy. Aim: To report the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin using a once-daily dosing regimen. Clinical presentation and intervention: The patient was a 78-year-old male. His weight was 78 kg and he was 1.75 m in height. He was admitted to the hospital complaining of an infected wound secondary to chronic limb ischaemia. Once-daily dosing of gentamicin (360 mg by infusion over 30 minutes) was prescribed to this patient, in combination with flucloxacillin. A gentamicin blood sample was taken every day for four days (day 1 = 1.4 mg/L, day 2 = 2.1 mg/L, day 3 = 2.1 mg/L, day 4 = 1.6 mg/L). The patient’s serum creatinine was 88 μmol/L during the four days. The Hartford nomogram was used to estimate the dosage and interval for administration of gentamicin. Conclusion: The Hartford nomogram is a valid tool to monitor the once-daily dosing regimen of gentamicin.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8567_acf1494565d958e3738ba252514123f1.pdf
2018-04-01
3386
3389
Pharmacokinetics
Dosing Regimen
gentamicin
Wound healing
Saeed F Algahtani1, Fahad M AlQahtani2,
Mohammed Qahl
1
1. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Al Kharj Military Industries Corporation Hospital, 2. Drug Information and Poisoning Center, Al Kharj Military Industries Corporation Hospital,3. Department of Pharmacy, Northern Area Armed Forces Hospital
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Hypothyroidism: A Case Report
The exact mechanism of developing dilated cardiomyopathy DCM in hypothyroidism is still unclear. The possible influence of hypothyroidism on the etiology and progression of DCM is controversial. We have experienced a case of a 32-year-old female with DCM secondary to hypothyroidism that was improved after hormone replacement therapy.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8568_ce361b44dcc99d724753eca77b8af46e.pdf
2018-04-01
3390
3392
Ali Hamoud Alenazi, Fawaz Rawi Alfuhigi, Anwar Mohammed Alazmi, Ahmed Sanad Alrashidi, Ayman Khalil Alrushaydan,
Ibrahim Mohammed Alshitwee, Faisal
1
Al-Jouf University, College of Medicine
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Mass Casualty Training Program on Prehospital Care Staff in Kuwait
Background: An intensive training is required for prehospital staff, emergency medical technicians and paramedics to deal with major incidents. Despite the fact that Kuwait has experienced many major incidents and located into a politically conflict zone, there is no standardized preparedness training for prehospital care providers to disasters or major incidents. This study aimed to assess the effect of a training intervention in improving the knowledge and awareness of EMTs and paramedics in the Kuwait Emergency Medical Service (KEMS). Methods: An interventional study was conducted in Kuwait Emergency Medical Services. Thirty-one participants from different ambulance districts were included in two educational interventions. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test, and one-way ANOVA test were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean score was significantly higher immediately after first training program (18.2; standard error (SE):1.9) than before (12.4; SE: 2.8) (P <0.001). The mean score three months later was significantly higher (19.8; SE: 0.5) immediately after the intervention program (P <0.001). Conclusion: The primary aim of improving preparedness among prehospital care providers was achieved through the training program. The tests results showed an improvement in score achieved by the participating prehospital care providers. This type of training courses would increase the competency and the confidence of prehospital care providers in providing emergency services.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8569_da751e9cb6b7a2f142f6c1e171e516c0.pdf
2018-04-01
3393
3397
Training program
Emergency
mass casualty
Prehospital
Kuwait
Ahmad Abdullah
Alharbi
1
Head of Clinical Audit Section, Kuwait Emergency Medical Services Department
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparative Study between Residual Prostatic Tissue Size after Bipolar Vaporization of The Prostate versus Transurethral Resection of Prostate in Saline
Objective: To compare the outcomes of plasmakinetic vaporization of the prostate (PKVP) with transurethral resection of the prostate in saline (TURis), mainly residual prostatic tissue size after 3 months. Materials and Methods: In a randomized controlled trials, 30 patients with moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) underwent PKVP (N = 15) and TURis (N = 15) between 2017-2018. The inclusion criteria were age between 40 and 80 who were indicated and scheduled for prostatectomy, prostate volume of 30-90 ml, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) < 4 or free/total PSA <0.25, if total PSA between 4 and 10, IPSS (The International Prostate Symptom Score)≥ 20, Qmax≤ 10 mL/s, and failed BPH-related medical therapy. Exclusion criteria were abnormal digital rectal exam (DRE) or ultrasonography with suspicion of prostate cancer, history of prostate cancer, bladder cancer, serum PSA < 10 ng/ml or free/total PSA ratio >0.25 if total PSA between 4 and 10, previous urethral or prostate surgery, urethral stricture, neurogenic bladder, bladder calculi, BPH-related hydronephrosis, preoperative hematuria due to any local or general cause, anticoagulant therapy or coagulation disorders. The perioperative and postoperative outcomes were evaluated and the residual prostatic tissue size, IPSS and Qmax were assessed preoperatively and 3 months after procedure in all cases. Results: Both groups were nearly similar in patient age, prostate volume, preoperative IPSS, Qmax, hospital stay and catheterization period. The PKVP group had significantly higher mean values of operative time, IPSS. Modified Clavien classification of complications was used to assess complications. No significant changes were seen between the two groups regarding complications (PKVP = 20%; TURis = 26.7%), no cases of TUR syndrome, obturator reflex, urethral stricture, clot retention or epididymitis occurred in both groups. In the transurethral resection in saline (TURis) group, 2 cases were presented by acute retention 2 weeks postoperative, only one case presented with mild to moderate dysuria 1 month post-operative, resolving with anti-inflammatory medication, mild hematuria was seen in 1 case 2 weeks postoperative. In plasma vaporization group, 1 patient had urinary retention which needed catheterization, urinary tract infection and significant bacteriuria occurred in one case which was treated by antibiotics and a mild to moderate dysuria after 1 month was seen in one case. Three months after surgery, two groups had significant improvement in IPSS (more in TURis group), post voiding volume, serum PSA, and mainly in residual prostatic tissue size. Conclusions: Bipolar electrosurgical technology is a promising modality for surgical treatment of BPH. Regarding bipolar prostatic surgeries we can conclude the following: No significant difference between bipolar plasma vaporization and TURis regarding residual prostatic tissue size, no TUR syndrome, less blood loss especially in vaporization technique, more easy learning curve either in vaporization technique or resection technique (no fear of TUR syndrome so time factor isn’t an issue) enabling the surgeon to work slowly and to do adequate hemostasis, vaporization technique is ideal modality for high risk patients (multiple co morbidities, bleeding tendency and patient on anticoagulants). Large prostate volume can be treated either by resection or vaporization technique). We can conclude that the bipolar plasmakinetic energy will be the gold standard in surgical management of BPH in the near future if it not yet.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8570_72b2c46aff6353d0aac4f76f60e57070.pdf
2018-04-01
3398
3404
BPH
plasma vaporization
TURis
PKVP
Qmax
IPSS
post voiding volume
serum PSA
Mohammed Sherif Mourad, Kareem Omar El Saeed,
Mohammed El Sayed Hassona
kinghassona@gmail.com
1
Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Toxicity of Thymol on the Ultra-Scanning Structure of Skin and Digestive Gland Proteins of the Two Slugs ‘Limax maximus and Lehmannia marginata’
Background: thymol is a natural derivative of herb thyme and extracted from Thymus vulgaris. Aim of the work: the present investigation was carried out to study the side effects of thymol on the skin and protein content in the digestive gland of both slugs: Limax maximus and Lehmannia marginata. Materials and Methods: the slugs are classified into three groups: the first one served as a control, the second and third groups fed on LC50 and LC90 of thymol for 48 hours. Results: the histological and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations of skin of LC90-treated slugs exhibited erosion of the epithelial cells, hypoplasia of the connective tissues with increased mucus secretion. Moreover, the different protein bands of the control and treated slugs with LC50 and LC90 of thymol were demonstrated by SDS-PAGE technique. A total number of 37 different protein bands were ranged from 5.181 to 84.375 kDa. Conclusion: the present study supported the use of thymol as a molluscicide agent on the skin and digestive gland proteins of both slugs (Limax maximus and Lehmannia marginata) that offers a safe alternative to other more persistent chemical pesticides that can be dispersed in runoff and produce subsequent contamination.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8571_bff74ee715d7b2130c9182a2fa5cf3e1.pdf
2018-04-01
3405
3415
Digestive gland
proteins
skin
SEM
Slugs
Thymol
Omaima M.
Mustafa
omayma_moustafa@yahoo.com
1
Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fecal Microflora and Calprotectin in Infants with Colic
Background: Colic is a common distressing problem of infancy. The underlying etiology has not determined yet, however several hypotheses were suggested including gastrointestinal inflammation and disturbed gut microflora. The aim of this study was to explore the role of gut microorganism and fecal calprotectin in infantile colic.
Methods: Ninety healthy infants aged 14 to 90 days were included. Forty five of them have infantile colic. Detailed medical history andexamination in addition to stool culture and measuring fecal calprotectin level by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA) were done for all included infants. Results: Colicky Infants have significant higher rate of Escherichia coli infection than non-colicky infants (57.8% vs 17.8%) do. Fecal calprotectin was significantly higher in colicky Infants than non-colicky infants and in infants with Escherichia coli infection than non-infected infants. Vomiting, umbilical hernia, maternal stress, previous sibling with infantile colic, increased body weight and herbal intake were significantly associated with infantile colic. Types of feeding in first 3months of life were not related to infantile colic, E-coli infection and fecal calprotectin level. Regression analysis revealed that elevated fecal calprotectin, Escherichia coli infection, vomiting and higher weight were the main predictors for infantile colic.
Conclusion: Fecal calprotectin level and Escherichia coli infection are increased in colicky infants reflecting the role of gastrointestinal inflammation and infection in infantile colic. Advice the mothers to avoid stressful conditions, over feeding or introduction of any remedy food during the first 3 months of life.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8572_b332e9d3071bcd750fdeb40ae800af80.pdf
2018-04-01
3416
3423
fecal calprotectin
Escherichia coli
infantile colic
feeding
Soheir B. Fayed*; Radwa S. Ibrahim**; Marwa Elhady*;
Manal Tantawy***
dr_manaltantawy@yahoo.com
1
*Pediatric department, **Clinical pathology department, Faculty of Medicine for girls -Al Azhar University, ***Pediatric department, Atfeeh central hospital, Egyptian ministry of health.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Phonological Awareness in Cochlear Implants Users
Background: Phonological awareness (PA) refers to the explicit awareness of the abstract units that compose spoken words, including syllables, onset and rime units, and individual phonemes. Phonological awareness is a critical precursor to the acquisition of reading. Objective: The aim of this work was to evaluate the phonological abilities skills in children with cochlear implant users (CI), and if they need interventionor not. Subjects and Methods: We assessed PA using certain skills of the Arabic phonological awareness test (blending syllables into words (BSW), blending phonemes into words (BPW) and isolating initial sound (IIP). Thirty children with cochlear implant (CI) and control group of 25 normal developed children. Inclusion criteria: children aged from 5:8 years with IQ ≥ 80, and their language age at least 3-word sentence, Started basic literacy skills, and their mother tongue was Arabic language. Exclusion criteria: Mental retardation and any Neurological diseases. Results and conclusion: PA skills as regarding BSW, BPW is intact within the study group, while IIP was defective in CI users children, which need further training throughout their language therapy sessions.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8573_f6d44f71e306678c9d0935b5994b9f55.pdf
2018-04-01
3424
3428
Phonological awareness
Cochlear implant
and learning problems
Nihal Hisham Abdelhamid (1), Mona Abdel-Fattah Hegazi (2),
Dina Ahmed Elrefaie ()
1
(1) Phoniatric Department, Hearing and Speech Institute, Imbaba, (2) Phoniatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Comparative Study of Platelet Parameters in Chronic Kidney Disease, End Stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis and Healthy Individuals
Background: With the rising trend of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, there is also a rise in chronic complications like chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD).
Cardiovascular complications remain the most common cause of death among ESRD patients and those on hemodialysis (HD). Hemodialysis patients behave in a distinct way that they are relatively more prone for bleeding than thrombotic manifestations. In recent days, abnormalities in platelet parameters are found to be an effective tool in risk stratification of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to develop coronary artery disease. Platelet parameters are considered as inflammatory markers. The present study was taken to find the association of various platelet parameters among hemodialysis patients and CKD patients.
Objectives: The aim was to study the platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT) and platelet large cell ratio (PLCR) among ESRD patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and compare with CKD patients and healthy age and sex matched controls. Methods: The present study was done on three groups. Group 1 included 20 healthy individuals from hospital staffs and healthy volunteers matched for age and sex, Group2 included 60 CKD patients and Group 3 included 40 ESRD patients on maintenance HD. Results: The mean values of platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet count, plateletcrit ratio (PCT) and platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR) were found to be higher in CKD and ESRD patients when compared to healthy controls. PDW, PCT and L-PCR attained statistical significance, while MPV did not. Conclusions: Abnormality in platelet parameters can be used as a predictor of underlying inflammation and severity of atherosclerosis as all these parameters are lesser than that observed in control population.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8574_bed519037b54f9228ad004dd6b0b74e7.pdf
2018-04-01
3429
3433
Chronic Kidney Disease
Hemodialysis
Cerebrovascular disease
Platelet distribution width
Mean platelet volume
Platelet large cell ratio and plateletcrit ratio
Mahmoud Mousa Bazeed1, Mahmoud Abdel Rasheed Allam1, Mohamed Saied Bakeer1,
Ahmed Fathi Abdel Aziz and Ahmed
1
1- Department of Internal Medicine. Faculty of Medicine ,2-Department of Clinical Pathology .Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.3-Nephrology Unit , Al-Qabbary Hospital, Alexandria
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Maternal Lipid Profile as A Risk Factor for Preeclampsia
Background: Preeclampsia occurs in about 3-5% of pregnancies and is an important cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Preeclampsia occurs during second and third trimester of pregnancy, and it is more common in nulliparous women. It is characterized by blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or rise in systolic blood pressure of more than 30 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of more than 15 mmHg after 20 weeks of gestation, in conjugation with proteinuria >300 mg/24 hours or greater or equal to 1+ or 100 mg/dl by dipstick response. Hypertriglyceridemia is traditionally defined as a serum or plasma triglyceride (TG) concentration above 1.6 mmol/l. It is found in 13% of woman aged 20-40 years. Objectives: Assessing the changes in lipid profile in preeclampsia and as a marker of severity of the condition. Patients and Methods: This was a control study conducted at Al-Hussien and Air Force Hospitals during the period from December 2016 to May 2017. Total 100 pregnant women of 18-36 years in the 2nd half of pregnancy (>20 weeks of gestation) were selected and grouped as follows. Group-I (Controls): 40 Normotensive pregnant women; Group-II 30 Mild pre-eclamptic pregnant women and Group-III 30 severe pre-eclamptic pregnant women. Conclusion: Preeclampsia has an association with hypertriglyceridemia, and elevated cholesterol level, LDL and VLDL, and decreased HDL level. The more the severity of preeclampsia the higher was the level of serum triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL and VLDL, and the lower the HDL.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8575_b146a714575a9e134a16a61b62ca9c59.pdf
2018-04-01
3434
3438
Lipid profile
preeclampsia
Hypercholesterolemia
Hypertriglyceridemia
Abdel Azim Mohamed Ahmed, Fahd Abdel Aal El Omda and
Mohamed Samir Mohamed Mousa
1
Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Associated Head Injuries and Survival Rate of Patients with Maxillofacial Fractures in RTA
Background: Every minute, an accident occurs in KSA, causing 39000 injuries and 7000 deaths annually. Facial trauma or maxillofacial trauma (MFT) is a frequent presentation of RTAs, ranging from simple nasal fractures to gross or severe maxillofacial injuries. Aim: This study aims at determining the prevalence of associated head injuries and survival rate of patients with maxillofacial fractures in RTA with respect to age, gender, mortality, the location of skull fracture, brain damage, altered level of consciousness, scalp laceration, and shock. Methodology: A total number of 237 patients were included in this prospective study from May 2013 to January 2018. The following medical details were recorded for each case, gender, age, fracture location, the presence of scalp laceration, the presence of brain damage, type of brain damage, shock degree, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), number of units used for blood transfusions for documentation of patient survival rate. We followed up the patients in their first appointment after 21 days of patient discharge from the hospital.
Results: Majority of the patients were young adults male. 59.1% of patients had cerebral damage. 38% (n=90) of patients had at least, one scalp laceration. 43.5% (n=103) of patients had some degree of shock, while 27.8% of the recruited patients needed at least 1 unit of blood transfusion. 14.3% of the patients died as a result of their injuries, and the survival rate was 85.7%.
Conclusion: KSA is having a high incidence of RTAs leading to high mortality rate. Therefore, it requires a sound evaluation of the risk factors for RTAs and establishment of guidelines to decrease the incidence of road traffic injuries and reduce healthcare burden. Road safety campaigns focused on young population can help reduce RTAs and subsequent mortalities. Prompt arrival at the hospital, early diagnosis, and timely management of maxillofacial fractures and brain damages by skilled physicians will lower mortality rate in KSA.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8576_59a2fd96d8620510d119c1ac56c4ba71.pdf
2018-04-01
3439
3447
maxillofacial fractures
head injuries
survival rate
Omar Mufi Aldwsari 1 , Khalid Hadi Aldosari 2 , Musab Khader Alzahrani1 , Mohammed Waseem Mani 3 , Sameer Al Ghamdi 2 ,
Khalid Mansour Alkhathlan , Mohammad
1
1 - Riyadh Elm University, Colleges of Dentistry, Riyadh, 2 - Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Colleges of Medicine, Al-kharj, 3 - Riyadh Elm University , Endodontic Department, Colleges of Dentistry, Riyadh,
AUTHOR
Zaid Ali Alzahrani 4,
Abdulrahman Hamoud Alanazi
2
4 – Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Colleges of Medicine, Riyadh, 5 - Majmaah University , Colleges of Dentistry , Majmaah, KSA .
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Morphological aberrations induced by Thymol in larvae of Megaselia scalaris L. (Diptera: Phoridae)
Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae), humpbacked, coffin or scuttle fly, is considered as a cosmopolitan scavenging insect. Despite its profound value in Forensic Entomology and biological control, M. scalaris is regarded as a medically notable insect worldwide because it is source of myiasis diseases. Further, it was recorded as a parasitoid infesting some useful insects. On the other hand, it attacks some plants such as corn, food and seed deposits, germinated seeds, cultivated and non-cultivated mushroom and fruits like bananas. Feeding on such infected fruits, can cause intestinal and wound myiasis. Therefore, scuttle fly should be controlled for human welfare and economic reasons. Phytochemical insecticides may be effective, safe and acceptable alternative to traditional chemical insecticides. Thymol, a constituent of oil of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), is widely used as food flavorings, mouthwashes, pharmaceutical preparations, besides it has many pesticidal uses; as insecticide, fungicides, rodenticide and antimicrobial effect. Moreover, it degrades rapidly and has no negative effect on seed germination. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of thymol on the mortality, morphology and surface ultrastructure of the 3rd instar larvae of M. scalaris. Results showed that thymol has larvicidal effect, as the estimated LC50 averaging 5.22 g/100g media, and the response was a dose-dependent. Morphological observations revealed that thymol treatment resulted in different morphogenic malformations in larval stage. Malformed larvae appeared sluggish and motionless, with symptoms of distorted, darkened and dry bodies. On the other hand, at the ultrastructural level, thymol treatment exhibited many morphological aberrations as compared with the controls. Such aberrations appeared in the malformed structure of short spinous processes and spines of the body wall, bubble membranes, antennae, mouth hooks, maxillary palp complexes and anterior and posterior spiracles. Based on the present results, it is concluded that thymol can prevent adult emergence through killing maggots and protect against re-infestation. Consequently, thymol could be suggested as a safe effective larvicide against the scuttle fly larvae.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8577_b2ba4cc6a6e81e912e08f4927bcb2e9c.pdf
2018-04-01
3448
3460
Megaselia scalaris
Thymol
toxicity
Morphology
Ultrastructure
SEM
Eman
H. Ismail
e_ismail2000@yahoo.com
1
Biological and Geological Sciences Dept., Fac. of Education, Ain Shams Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Diagnostic Procedures among Patients Undergoing Appendectomy: Findings from A Tertiary Hospital In Saudi Arabia
Objective: Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency. But often arriving at correct diagnosis is challenging. CT scan has reduced the rates of negative appendectomies but it has radiation risk. We compared CT with Alvarado score (AS) in acute appendicitis in terms of positive operative and histopathological findings with the aim to use CT evaluation appropriately.
Patients and methods: We collected retrospectively data of 358 patients admitted in a single hospital over a period of one year. All patients had Alvarado scoring done at the time of admission. CT was performed in 293 patients on consultant directions. CT and AS were compared in correlation with positive histopathological findings.
Results: The study included 224 males (62.56%) and 134 females (37.43%). CT was
performed in 293 patients (81.84%) patients. 320 (89.38%) patients underwent surgery while 38 (10.615) patients were managed conservatively. Among the operated group, 268(83.75%) patients had uncomplicated appendicitis while 52 (16.25%) had complicated appendicitis. Histopathology was positive for appendicitis in 285 patients (89.06%).
Conclusions: An AS of 7 and above is as significant as CT scan so for these patients one can rely on AS score for deciding surgery. On the other hand if scores are less than 6 and there is strong suspicion of Appendicitis one should go ahead with CT.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8578_182ae2c2607984b32f1cee7b2b7d9862.pdf
2018-04-01
3461
3464
Appendectomy
CT
Alvarado Score
Validity of CT
Appendectomy diagnosis
Mohammed AlQahtani1, Mudassir Maqbool Wani1, Omar Aldhasee2,
Abdulrahman Alqahtani,
1
1. College of Medicine, King Khalid University Abha,2. Medical Student, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh,3. Medical Student, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh.
AUTHOR
Yazeed Alharthi4,
Suliman Alghnam
2
4. College of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 5. King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh
AUTHOR