eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2009-07-01
36
1
380
396
10.21608/ejhm.2009.17522
17522
Original Article
Therapeutic Potential of Green Tea Extract and Low Doses of γ-Irradiation on Diabetic Nephropathy of Rats
Hanafy N.A.
1
Hanaa F. Waer
2
Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most frequent and serious complications of diabetes mellitus. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of green tea (GT) extract and low doses of 0.5 Gy γ-radiation (R) on diabetic nephropathy (DN) of rats. Materials and methods: Male Swiss albino rats were used in this study. DN was induced in rats using streptozotocin (45 mg/kg body weight). The rats were divided into five groups DN, DN+R, DN+GT, DN+GT+R and a sham treatment control group. Throughout the experimental period (3and 6 weeks) animals body weight, glucose and insulin levels were evaluated. Kidney functions assay (serum urea and creatinin) were recorded. Histopathological observations in kidney tissue, DNA and glycogen intensity were also detected. Results: Diabetic rats exhibited many symptoms including loss of body weight, increase in blood glucose level and decrease in serum insulin levels. Increase in serum urea and creatinin levels. Diabetic kidney showed a moderate renal damage, multifocal clarifications and vacuolations. Carbohydrates intensity showed a significant increase and DNA intensity showed many alterations. Improvements in glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions were demonstrated in the diabetic rat group exposed to low doses of γ-radiation or supplemented by green tea either alone or combined in addition to amelioration in glucose, insulin urea and creatinin levels. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the efficacy of low doses of γ- radiation and in reducing diabetes-induced functional and histological alterations in the kidneys. The longterm control of blood glucose levels using low doses of γ-radiation or green tea either alone or combined could prevent the progression of diabetes mellitus, and therefore, nephropathy could be prevented.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17522_4e3e87ce39afd309ca304c1f112b0ae5.pdf
eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2009-07-01
36
1
397
405
10.21608/ejhm.2009.17523
17523
Original Article
COMPARATIVE EFFECT BETWEEN CHITOSAN AND CHITOSAN- Cu COMPLEX ON CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE (CCL4) INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN RATS
El-Habibi E.M
1
Sirag H.M
2
Edrees G.M
3
Zoology Dept., Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Zoology Dept., Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Zoology Dept., Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
BACKGROUND: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) is a toxic material known to induce lipid peroxidation and liver damage.
The possible protective roles that involved by chitosan or chitosan-Cu complex against CCl4 induced liver intoxication were investigated in male rats.
RESULTS: CCl4 administred at dose 20 mg/kg body weight i.p., exceed malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyle (PC), depleted superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), in concomitant with marked increase in investigated liver function parameters , alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT, AST), impaired serum and liver total protein , albumin and globulin. An elevation in serum and hepatic total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides and serum LDL and VLDL levels as well as a low level of HDL were recorded. In the same time, there was a significant increase in sodium and iron contents in the serum while a significant decrease in potassium and zinc contents were recorded.
Animals pretreated with chitosan (200 mg /kg body weight) orally by stomach tube for 21 consecutive days prior to CCl4 challenge significantly attenuated most of the tested parameters, strengthen antioxidant defense system, ameliorated liver function effectively. Chitosan-Cu complex has a protective effect by a higher degree than that of chitosan only.
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that pretreatment with chitosan-Cu complex has higher hepato-protective effects than that of only chitosan against CCl4 induced toxicity in rat.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17523_681b14dc4b820b19d4a1e601227b09cf.pdf
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) – Chitosan – lipid peroxidation – liver functions
eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2009-07-01
36
1
406
421
10.21608/ejhm.2009.17524
17524
Original Article
Relation between Antioxidants and Pollution on Experimental Animals
Madiha, F. Hassan
1
Nazira A. Shehata
2
Hanan M . Abd El-Wahab
3
Abd El-Monem H. Darwish
4
Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, Women's College. Ain Shams University
Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, Women's College. Ain Shams University
Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, Women's College. Ain Shams University
Nutritional Biochemistry and Metabolism . Nutrition Institute,Ministry of Health, Cairo
Objective: The aim of the present work is to study the protective effect of some antioxidants and trace elements against the hazardous effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on hamsters for the possibility of further application on humans.
Methods: One hundred twenty hamsters weighing 104-128g were divided into 13 groups as follows: 1-Negative Control group fed standard diet, 2-positive control group given carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) only , 3-CCl4 + zinc, 4 - CCl4 + β-carotene,5- CCl4 + α-tocopherol,6- CCl4 + selenium, 7-CCl4 + vitamin C,8- CCl4 + zinc + β - carotene, 9-CCl4 + zinc + vitamin C , 10-CCl4 + zinc + α-tocopheral,11-CCl4 + selenium + β-carotene, 12-CCl4 + selenium + vitamin C and 13-CCl4 + selenium + α-tocopheral.
Results: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) has a direct toxic effect on liver and kidney. Depending on biochemical results, the more antioxidants of liver protection against CCl4 toxicity are α tocopherol, followed by selenium, selenium + β - carotene, vitamin C, zinc + β – carotene and selenium + α tocopherol. The more antioxidant for kidney protection against CCl4 toxicity is β –carotene followed by selenium, zinc + β – carotene, zinc + α tocopherol, and zinc + vitamin C. Conclusion: Trace elements should not be given individually especially zinc or selenium as deleterious effects, in spite of its protective effect.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17524_20c3f355013d7eb685f7bf29be97dedb.pdf
Carbon tetrachloride-Antioxidants
eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2009-07-01
36
1
421
433
10.21608/ejhm.2009.17525
17525
Original Article
The analgesic and sedative properties of dexmedetomidine infusion after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
W. Abd El Megid
1
Ahmed M. Nassar
2
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ain Shams University
Department of ENT, Al Azhar University.
Background: Dexmedetomidine is an alpha2 - adrenergic agonist with sedative andanalgesic properties. This study aimed to investigate if the use of continuous dexmedetomidine infusion with i.v. morphine patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) could improve postoperative analgesia while reducing opioid consumption and opioid-related side effects.
Materials & methods: In this prospective randomized, double-blinded, controlled study, 24 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome undergoing uvulopalatopharyngoplasty were assigned to two groups. Group D received a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1µg kgˉ¹ i.v., 30 min before the anticipated end of surgery, followed by a continuous infusion at a rate of 0.6 µg kgˉ¹ hrˉ¹ for 24 hr. Group P received a volume-matched bolus and infusion of placebo. In both groups, postoperative pain was initially controlled by i.v. morphine titration and then PCA with morphine. Cumulative PCA morphine consumption, pain intensities, sedation scores, cardiovascular and respiratory variables and narcotic-related adverse effects were recorded for 48 h after operation.
Results: Extubation time was significantly prolonged in dexmedetomidine group (16±7 vs. 11±6 min p=0.074) in the placebo group. Visual analogue scale scores were significantly greater during the first 2h after tracheal extubation in the placebo group than in the dexmedetomidine group. The time to first analgesic request was significantly longer in the dexmedetomidine group than in the placebo group (21±11 vs. 9±4min; p=0.002). Compared with group P, patients in group D required 52.7% less morphine by PCA during the first 24h postoperative period, whereas levels of sedation were similar between the 2 groups at each observational time point. Fewer patients in group D experienced nausea and vomiting than those in group P (P< 0.05). There was no bradycardia, hypotension, or respiratory depression. Continuous dexmedetomidine infusion may be a useful anesthetic adjuvant for patients who are susceptible to narcotic-induced respiratory depression.
Conclusion: Continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine for pain relief after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty significantly reduces the amount of PCA morphine used by the patients postoperatively without affecting their ventilatory parameters and was associated with fewer morphine-related side effects. This novel drug could become a useful anesthetic adjuvant for patients with obstructive sleep apnea who are susceptible to narcotic-induced respiratory depression.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17525_ec5c4fbc104e19464c790a1f6cf67ab8.pdf
Dexmedetomidine
Uvulopalatophayngoplasty
morphine
Patient controlled analgesia
eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2009-07-01
36
1
434
445
10.21608/ejhm.2009.17526
17526
Original Article
Sonotubometry Findings in Patients with combined airway disease with and without Associated Eosinophilic Otitis Media
Ahmed Nasar
1
Mohammed Abd Allah
2
Mohammed Attia
3
Hasan Abd Al Naby
4
Department of ENT, Al Azhar University.
Department of ENT, Al Azhar University.
Department of ENT, Al Azhar University.
Department of ENT, Al Azhar University.
Background: Active opening of the eustachian tube is accomplished by contraction of the paratubal muscles. Disturbance of any of the ET functions may contribute to the development of otitis media (OM) with effusionand other middle ear diseases. Sonotubometry seems to be the most "physiologic"method for assessment of ET function and has the advantage that it can be performed on earswith an intact tympanic membrane and without the use of a pressurechamber.
The aim of this study was to compare the Eustachian tube function using sonotubometry in patients with combined airway disease associated with Eosinophilic otitis media with that having combined airway disease without otitis media.
Patients and methods: This study was applied on 45 patients divided into 3 groups each of 15.
1st group is the control group, 2nd group patients with combined airway disease without Eosinophilic otitis media, 3rd group patients with combined airway disease associated with Eosinophilic otitis media.
Results: Our results explains that the tubal opening durations were significantly longer in patients of EOM group than in patients with combined airway disease without EOM group and also the normal control group.
Conclusion: Sonotubometry can be performed in patients with or without an intact tympanic membrane and under physiological conditions. Sonotubometry is also inexpensive, painless, and easy to perform in both adults and children. Therefore, it has great potential value as a diagnostic tool for individuals with suspected ET disease.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17526_4ecfe701089847ea98ac5f5685204710.pdf
Sonotubometry
eosionphilic Otitis media
Eustachian tube
airway disease
eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2009-07-01
36
1
447
455
10.21608/ejhm.2009.17527
17527
Original Article
Role of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) of Community Acquired Pneumonia in Mansoura University Hospitals (MUHs)
Tahani . A.M
1
Mohammed . F.EL-K
2
Ghada .M . EL-Nady
3
Olfat .M.W.
4
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Immunolgy Department, Mansoura University
Microbiology Department ,Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University
Microbiology Department ,Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Immunolgy Department, Mansoura University
Background:Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung that is most often caused by infection with bacteria, viruses, or other organisms. Occasionally, inhaled chemicals that irritate the lungs can cause pneumonia, Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is defined as pneumonia not acquired in a hospital or a long-term care facility. Despite the availability of potent new antimicrobials and effective vaccines, ICAM-1 is a cytokine inducible adhesion molecule expressed on the cells of multiple lineages at sites of inflammation.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17527_620b12e825b37dee879ffe11c6d4923f.pdf
pneumonia
Community Acquired Pneumonia
ICAM-1
eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2009-07-01
36
1
456
467
10.21608/ejhm.2009.17528
17528
Original Article
Teratological Effects of Gamma-Irradiation during three Gestaional Intervals in Rats
Elham A. Al-Shaibani
1
Nadia, H. Ismail
2
Omaima S. Eissa
3
Mohamed I. Rady
4
Zaki, T. Zaki
5
Department of Biology- Faculty of Science, Sana'a University
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Grils, Ain Shams University
Radiation Biology Dept., National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University
Radiation Biology Dept., National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University
Radiation Biology Dept., National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University
Aim of the work: The present study aimed to evaluate the teratological effects of gamma-irradiation during three intervals of gestation; pre-implantation, organogenesis and fetal periods in rats.
Material and methods: Four groups of pregnant rats were used in this study; the first one (GI) served as control. The second (GII), third (GIII) and fourth (GIV) groups were subjected to whole body γ-radiation at a sub-lethal single dose level of 4 Gy at the third day, 10th day and 14th day of gestation respectively.Pregnant rats were sacrificed at the 20th day of gestation, implantation sites, resorption, embryonic death, fetal death, growth retarded fetuses, external malformations and skeletal malformation were recorded.
Results: The results showed that whole body γ-irradiation caused resorption in the embryos of pregnant rats especially in those exposed during the pre-implantation period than the two other periods. The embryonic and fetal deaths were prominent in the fetuses maternally exposed to whole body γ-irradiation during the organogenesis period. The highest percentage of growth retarded fetuses was found in fetuses maternally exposed to γ-rays during the organogenesis period followed by fetuses maternally exposed to γ-irradiation during the fetal period and then fetuses maternally exposed to γ-irradiation during the pre-implantation period. The skeletal malformations as a result of γ-irradiation were mostly represented in less ossification in the skull bones, less ossification in the vertebral centra and wavy ribs. The most affected fetal skeleton was perceptive in GIII (fetuses maternally exposed to γ-irradiation during the organogenesis period) followed by GII and then GIV.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17528_51a51d42f8f954ef002ca04016c75b1f.pdf
γ-irradiation
pregnant rats
Teratology
eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2009-07-01
36
1
468
482
10.21608/ejhm.2009.17529
17529
Original Article
QUANTITATIVE AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON THE ADRENAL MEDULLA IN POST NATAL PERIOD OF ALBINO RAT
Wagieh k. Baiomy
1
Abdel-mawgood Anas
2
Mamdooh Ghaly
3
Ashraf M. Moustafa
4
Atef I. Mohamed
5
Wagieh Mansour
6
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al Azhar University
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al Azhar University
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al Azhar University
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al Azhar University
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al Azhar University
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al Azhar University
Background: The present work was based on the evaluation of histological, histochemical, and quantitative study on the adrenal medulla of the white albino rat in the different post natal age period.
Material and methods:Sixty male albino rats were used in this study.
The rats were classified to 4 main groups as follows:
- Group one : One week old albino rats.
- Group two: One monthold albino rats.
- Group three: Three months old albino rats.
- Group four: Senilerats.
Three main parameters were performed in this study, the first was the study of the morphological changes in the adrenal medulla in the different postnatal age groups. The second was concerned with the histochemical studies while the last parameter was the quantitative studies on the gland volume as well as its cellular count. These three parameters were performed by using different staining techniques.
Results: The results showed that medullary cells in the early age groups were arranged in non-differentiated groups and become more differentiated in the older age groups. Both reticular and elastic fibers in the older age groups showed a definite increase especially at the region of corticomedullary zone. The different types of chromaffin cells were more observed at the old age groups. The concentration of ascorbic acid granules was more marked in the senile group. The quantitative changes were in the form of increased medullary volume especially in the old age.
The number of chromaffin cells as well as the concentration of ascorbic acid contents was more noticed in the old age group.
Conclusions: The differentiation of both divisions of the adrenal gland was not noticed in the early age groups. Cellular and fibrous differentiations were more seen in older age groups which may reflects an idea about the degree of gland maturation.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17529_04cfab24bc6e0d667170aa8f6eb0d888.pdf
Adrenal medulla
chromaffin cells
ascorbic acid
eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2009-07-01
36
1
483
498
10.21608/ejhm.2009.17530
17530
Original Article
Histological assessment of the possible protective role of glimepiride against progression of experimentally induced diabetic nephropathy in rats
Magda M. Hagras
1
Sahar M. Gamal
2
Hanan A. Amin
3
Departments of Pharmacology and Histology Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal
Departments of Pharmacology and Histology Faculty of Medicine, and Cairo University.
Departments of Pharmacology and Histology Faculty of Medicine, and Cairo University.
Introduction: little is known about the potential effects induced by sulphonylureas independently of their anti-hyperglycemic action. The present study examined the effect of glimepiride treatment on the progression of renal histological changes in diabetic rats to determine whether therapeutic intervention with these agents would prevent the onset and progression of renal complications or not. Material and methods: forty-eight adult male albino rats were equally divided into four groups; control, normal rats receiving glimepiride, streptozotocin induced diabetic non-treated rats and glimepiride-treated diabetic rats. Blood glucose level measurement and histological evaluation of renal tissue elements using H&E, Masson trichrome, and PAS reaction techniques at four and eight weeks after treatment were performed. Stained sections were subjected to some morphometric measurements namely, glomerular tuft area (GTA), mesangial matrix index (MMI) and area per cent of connective tissue (CT). Statistical analysis for significance of obtained data was performed using analysis of variance and student-T test. Results: Glimepiride did not cause any histological renal impairment when used solely. Induction of diabetes had a significant negative impact on renal structure. In addition to significant elevation of blood glucose levels, increased kidney and kidney to body weight ratio was estimated. A variety of histological changes affecting the glomerular and tubular elements of renal tissue were detected and were more intense in the eighth week of the experiment. A significant increase in GTA, MMI and area per cent of C.T. were also found in diabetic rats. All the tested parameters showed a significant improvement in the glimepiride-treated group. Conclusion: glimepiride could attenuate most of the histological changes produced in case of experimentally induced diabetic nephropathy in spite of persistent hyperglycemia. Recommendation: glimepiride could be used in Type I and type II diabetics to protect or slow down the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17530_de94ebaee9353821d9eb1494f3d031ba.pdf
Glimepiride
diabetic nephropathy
kidney
protection
eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2009-07-01
36
1
499
534
10.21608/ejhm.2009.17531
17531
Original Article
INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF CAJAL IN NORMAL HUMAN ALIMENTARY TRACT: AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY
Mohamed Abdel Hafez
1
Amal Mostafa Abbas
2
Dina Mohamed Radwan
3
Zeinab El Meadawy
4
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
Background/Objective: Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are c-kit positive immunoreactive cells which are thought to play an important role in the control of gut motility. The work aimed at studying the morphology of ICC and precisely localize their regional and transmural pattern of distribution in normal human alimentary tract. Material and Methods: The study included 102 normal human alimentary tract specimens obtained from male patients with a mean age 37.92±8.53. All sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and c-kit immunohistochemical staining. Immunohistochemically stained sections were submitted for a computer aided image analytical study to detect the area percent of immunoreactive cells. The data obtained was statistically analyzed. Results: ICC could not be demonstrated in H&E stained sections. Immunohistochemically, two morphological subtypes of ICC were recognized, a spindle bipolar and stellate multipolar forms. ICC were detected in the myenteric plexus layer of the esophagus, corpus, pylorus, small intestine, colon and rectum. Intramuscular ICC could be demonstrated in the esophagus, fundus, corpus, pylorus, colon, rectum and anal canal. ICC at the deep muscular plexus were found only in the small intestine. In the pylorus, colon and rectum, ICC were also found at the submucosal border of the circular muscle layer. Conclusion: The wide distribution of ICC all over the human alimentary tract is compatible with their physiological role being important mediators of gut motility.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17531_20908e6e2a09a814e6f9c3b9adb566d1.pdf
Glimepiride
diabetic nephropathy
kidney
protection
eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2009-07-01
36
1
535
550
10.21608/ejhm.2009.17532
17532
Original Article
Melatonin pretreatment attenuates diazinon-induced testicular damage in mice
El-Mazoudy R. H
1
Abdou H. M.
2
Zoology department, Faculty of science, Alexandria University,Egypt
Zoology department, Faculty of science, Alexandria University,Egypt
Background: Diazinon is one of widely used organophosphrous pesticides, can affect both animals and man even after a single exposure. It has a dual toxicity due to acetylcholinestrase inhibition and formation of free oxygen radicals .So, the current work aimed to evaluate the effects of diazinon on the mice testes and the possible protective effect of melatonin.
Material and Methods: Male CD-1 adult mice were divided into 6 groups, (1) control group,(2) melatonin group 10mg/kg,(3) diazinon group (30mg/kg), (4) diazinon group (60mg/kg),(5) diazinon 30mg + melatonin and (6) diazinon 60mg/kg + melatonin. Diazinon was orally administrated 1 and 28 days of treatment, whereas, melatonin was administrated intraperitoneally at a single dose. Testicular damage was examined by using hematoxyline and eosin staining.
Results: Diazinon treated groups diminished the plasma acetylcholinestrase activity on day 1 of treatment. Morphometrical analysis showed a decrease in seminiferous thickness (day 1 and 28), with increased testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (day28). Melatonin pre-treatment prevented alterations induced by diazinon, except diminution of acetylcholinestrase activity.
Conclusion: These results suggest that testicular damage observed post-treatment might be due to elevated concentration of free oxygen radicals (ROS) with diazinon while, pretreatment with a single dose of melatonin is a potentially beneficial agent to reduce testicular damage in adult mice probably by decreasing oxidative stress.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17532_edcb6c636f676c0519f8e8936be9c1ab.pdf
Diazinon
Melatonin
superoxide dismutase
Germinal epithelium Acetylcholin-estrase
testosterone
eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2009-07-01
36
1
451
466
10.21608/ejhm.2009.17533
17533
Original Article
Aging effect on rabbit’s lens fibers; A scanning electron microscopic study
Sahar Mohammad Gamal
1
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
Introduction: The eye lens is a minute organ with complex structure that plays an indispensible role in the process of vision. It is composed mainly of modified epithelial cells that form a unique type of fibers. This study was performed to highlight the morphological variations of lens fibers in different age groups in rabbits’ lenses. These variations in fibers’ structure may have a great impact on the optical properties of the lens. Material and methods: Fifteen white male rabbits of different ages ranging from one month to four and half years were equally divided into three groups; young, adult and aged. Their lenses were dissected and processed for scanning electron microscopy. Gross lenses’ diameters and A-P axis lengths were assessed using digitalized gross photomicrographs from dissecting microscope. Also, diameter of lens fibers was measured digitally for comparative purposes among the groups. Statistical analysis for significance of obtained data was performed using analysis of variance and student-T test. Results: The average equatorial diameter was 6.1% and 14.5% larger in adult and aged lenses than young ones. The average A-P axis length was 14.1% in adult and 21.7% in aged lenses more than in young lenses as well. Lens fibers exhibited some variations in the pattern of lateral interdigitations that became more branched with folding. Fiber diameter demonstrated an increase from young to adult lenses then a decrease in aged lens was noticed. Conclusion: Lens fibers undergo some morphological variations by age progression in the form of compaction in addition to changes in the appearance of ball and socket interdigitations. These changes can be correlated to some age-related optical disturbances as senile prespyopia and cataract. Recommendation: Age-related changes in the morphology of lens fibers should be considered in any experimental study including the lens to avoid interpretation bias and get more reliable results.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17533_aaaa60eb711941d4e9295ae56ae112a7.pdf
Lens fibers
lateral interdigitations
aging
compaction
scatter and scanning electron microscopy
eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2009-07-01
36
1
567
584
10.21608/ejhm.2009.17534
17534
Original Article
THE EFFECT OF TRANSIENT AND PERSISTENT NEONATAL HYPOTHYROIDISM ON THE ADULT ALBINO RAT TESTIS (LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDIES
Laila M. Elshall
1
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University
Introduction and aim of work: thyroid hormone is known to play a critical role in the development and growth of the testis. So, this study was designed to compare between the effect of transient and persistent neonatal hypothyroidism on the testis of adult rats. Material and Methods: Thirty newborn rats (1 day old) were classified equally into control group and two experimental groups. In experimental group I, the transient hypothyroidism was induced in neonates by giving their lactating mothers 0.05%, 6-propyl-2 thiouracil (PTU) through drinking water for 30 days after birth then the treatment was withdrawal for 60 days. In experimental group II, the persistent hypothyroidism was induced by giving the neonates 0.05% PTU through their mother milk until weaning then directly through drinking water for 90 days after birth. After 90 days postpartum, all animals were anaesthetized and their testes were dissected out and processed for light and electron microscope examination. Results: In experimental group I, the testes of transient hypothyroid rats appeared with large seminiferous tubules (ST) that the length of their diameters and the height of their lining epithelium were significantly increased as compared to those of control rats. They were lined by many Sertoli cells, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, early spermatides and late spermatids. The interstitial spaces contained some Leydig cells and few fluid. In experimental group II, the testes of persistent hypothyroid rats appeared with small ST that the length of their diameters and the height of their lining epithelium were significantly decreased as compared to those of control rats. They were lined by thin disorganized germinal epithelium containing many Sertoli cells and few germ cells. Many sloughed degenerating cells and large multinucleated giant cells were seen in the lumen of ST. The interstitial spaces contained many connective tissue cells, congested blood vessels, excessive collagen fibers and abundant fluid. Electron microscope examination, revealed Sertoli cells which were surrounded by wide spaces due to loss of germ cells. They contained distorted mitochondria, nuclei with peripheral heterochromatin condensation and free processes due to loss of tight junction between them. In conclusion, the present study revealed that the neonatal transient hypothyroidism enhanced the growth of the testes that they contained large seminiferous tubules with many germ cells. While, the persistent hypothyroidism induced testicular atrophy with degeneration of germ cells. So, estimation of thyroid hormone level is recommended in all neonates immediately after birth for early diagnosis and treatment of thyroid hormone deficiency to prevent serious adverse effect of hypothyroidism on the testis.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17534_d5f743d5a1f6efb05c566d0b685c4fc5.pdf
eng
Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
1687-2002
2090-7125
2009-07-01
36
1
585
607
10.21608/ejhm.2009.17535
17535
Original Article
Effect of Nonionizing Radiation onThe Cerebellum of Neonatal Mice • Morphological, Histochemical And Ultrastructural Study
Samir A. Nassar
1
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt
Introduction: Although the use of mobile telephones is common, increasing and beneficial, it is still considered as an environmental pollutant nowaday. This is because these devices require to be held close to the head and the exposure effects on the brain remain controversial. Being so, we designed this study. Aim: The present study was done in an attempt to investigate the morphological, histochemical and ultrastructural changes produced in the cerebellum of neonatal mice as a result of exposure to the nonionizing radiation of the mobile phone. Material and Methods: Eleven neonatal mice were used in this study. Five of them were exposed (as experimental group) to mobile phone microwaves (900- 1800 MHz, SAR: 0.92 w/kg) during their late prenatal and early postnatal life (1 hour/day for 30 consecutive days). While the other six served as control animals. Comparable parts of cerebella were removed from all animals and processed for the examination by the light and the transmission electron microscopes. Results: The whole body exposure of the neonatal mice to this type of nonionizing radiation resulted in several morphological, histochemical and ultrastructural changes. These changes included a statistically significant decrease in the mean cell distribution, DNA content and total protein content of Purkinje cells and other cerebellar elements of exposed animals. On the other hand an increase in the Purkinje cell volume was recorded. In addition, the ultrastructural observations were corrugated plasma and nuclear membranes, ruptured mitochondria, destruction of Golgi apparatus , dilatation and disintegration of RER, scarcity of ribosomes and Nissl bodies in Purkinje cells. Damage in the cell membranes, chromatin clumping and increase in electron density of the cells of granular layer also observed. In the molecular layer; degeneration of axons and dendrites, increased electron density and damage of neurons occurred. Conclusion: The whole-body exposure of neonatal mice to the nonionizing radiation produced many pathological lesions in their cerebella at the cellular and subcellular levels.
https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_17535_61d5c2eac74294777482d4aa1bced4f7.pdf