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20-fold higher than among women in the general population. In statistical terms, The IUCD is used by approximately 15% of reproductive-aged women in developing countries and 8% in developed countries.
Aim of work: To compare the safety and efficacy of different local lidocaine preparations (spray, cream and injection) for reducing pain associated with IUCD insertion.
Patients and Methods: This is a prospective randomized clinical trial. The study was conducted at Ain Shams University Maternity hospital at family planning outpatient clinic during the period between December 2017 and June 2018.
Results: Results proved that lidocaine 10% spray application to the cervix during IUCD insertion effectively reduce pain felt during stages of IUCD insertion and is good option for reduction of pain associated with IUCD insertion in compared with lidocaine injection or cream.
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that local lidocaine spray 10% is effective in control of pain associated with IUCD insertion when compared with lidocaine cream or injection because its application is easy and rapid, while lidocaine injection can also reduce pain but injection itself is painful that makes it unfavorable method.
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20 years representing 88.9%. Multivariate analysis showed that among all the studied parameters in our study, degree of obstruction determined by measured FEV1 percentage of predicted is an independent predictor for pulmonary hypertension in stable COPD patients.
Conclusion: It could be concluded that pulmonary hypertension occurs frequently in stable COPD outpatients without resting hypoxemia and that age, duration of smoking and low pre-bronchodilator FEV1 are all risk factors for pulmonary hypertension. And that degree of airway obstruction is an independent predictor for pulmonary hypertension in stable COPD patients.
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0.05). Neonatal ICU admission were 2(4%), 2(4%), 4(8%) and 9(18%) in different groups respectively. There was statistical significant difference between different studied groups regarding Neonatal ICU admission (P < 0.05). ]]>
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1.083 x 10-3mm2/s for differentiation of pilocytic astrocytomas from MBs and ependymomas were 100%.The sensitivity and specificity of a cutoff ADC value of ≤ 0.847 x 10-3mm2/s for differentiation of medulloblastomas from PAs and ependymomas were 100%.The sensitivity and specificity of a cutoff ADC value of ≤ 1.083 x 10-3mm2/s and > 0.847 x 10-3mm2/s for ependymomas were 100%. Conclusion: The calculation of ADC value in the solid enhancing portion of a tumor is a simple and reliable technique for preoperative differentiation of the most common posterior fossa tumors. ]]>
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